in the us everyday night we all because like instead of the . 6 radio telescopes and house to listening to what's going on in the space. they search for signals that originate many light years from us. with the help, an international research team has now discovered a new form of gravitational ways. it's, i mean, recent years that we've been able to imagine such waves directly that and coming up on tomorrow today. welcome to the dw science show.

we have detected gravitational waves. we did. it was in february 2016 of the research and succeeded in detecting a gravitational ways for the 1st time produced by something that was long considered impossible. in 2023 researches at the max pond institute for radio astronomy, the chief something no less spectacular. for the 1st time they discovered no, it showed, but very long gravitational ways to measure them. they needed a device that is larger than this. much larger for food into many is a research instrument is essentially the size of the milky way. uh, when we look at light sources spread across the galaxy that are hundreds to thousands of light years away from the light sources that we called pulse are just walk me through and we try to use our method to register the fluctuations and the distances to these costs are, as you get puts out and then so it gets to them the size of the milky place.

compare that to a tunnel. several columbus is low, which was low enough to detect the 1st limitation of waves in 2015. this total was compressed and stretched by less than the diameter of an atomic nicholas and the whole process lost it just a few seconds. short presentation of ways that created when to black holes over at each other. and finally, much only for a few seconds saw the resulting gravitational waves powerful enough to be registered on this. but back in the 19 ninety's me showed him and his colleagues set out to discover a completely different type of gravitational way, the gravitational long way. it was anything but such and that they would find it. but they had a legend we telescope to assist them. the f of book radio telescope in germany's western eiffel region, measuring a 100 meters across its been in operation for decades, updated continually on active and searching for gravitational long waives the

physical therapist by the telescope in apples to barrow. just provided the longest data set and world wide in this experiment it happens that most if we've been recording data since 1995 and monthly and weekly intervals, and that has never been interrupted down. and so it forms the backbone of this experiment. but at least at the european level, if not world wide sites have been shred for the actual stake radio telescope looks special stars, cold poll phones that emit radio light waves at regular intervals like a lighthouse if a long rotational wave passage between the stalls and the telescope, over many years, the distance between earth and the style changes delaying the light weights a rifle on it. that's how the long gravitational waves were discovered. that created when 2 super massive black holes will be to each other. the mass is billions of times greater than a sun each box in this interview. the black hole is that we look at have orbital as

of 10 or 20 years old. so in order to be sure that what you're seeing really is such a system, this is you have to absorb it for a long time and angular type. we call it detection. in slow motion i. e, our signal builds up slowly and becomes more and more significant. and you have to be patient to become to and look long enough until you are sufficiently convinced and that the signal you're seeing is really, really excited when will happen something. now this one is the toughest, is hopefully honest the essence but on china is powerful, but not sufficient. tony, so a whole network of radio telescopes was organized across here at this network is now listening in on the black hole smoke talk, so to speak. have nice as a medicine, so i like to compare it to a cocktail tardy and, and tom is the, so you have couples talking to each other all over the place, the, the, you bought homes and then there's that general hum of conversation throughout the room and the homes in a group is quoting a couple of years ago, and we started hearing something from pa, yeah. now we know that systematic. we see that there are people talking with the

but we can't get distinguished all the snippets of conversation. the lawyer. it isn't, but hopefully in a few years time will be able to discern some of the conversations and pion come at the end question things question. in addition to the esl spec, telescope is the most important part of the european network, studying gravitational weights. similar experiments are underway on other confidence. in june 2023, they all and failed the results with a buying the long waves where identified. now that being studied we noticed that the universe is expanding, but how is that happening? that's one of the questions that the new european space telescope euclid aims to onset launched in july 2023. it's task is to create a 3 d map of i'll come from off cape canaveral on just life 1st

2023. a textbook launch of a space, x rocket, caring the euclid telescope, into space. the point at which euclid was to begin its precision measurements was one and a half 1000000 kilometers away. that's 3 times further than the moon. stage separation from the 1.2 ton telescope pieces away from the earth and the sun shield protects it from the heat of the sun's rays. keeping the telescope cool, and protected from bright light helps to obtain sharper images. the primary mirror measures 1.2 meters across and allows euclid to look at galaxies, up to 10000000000 light years. the way it will be studying dark matter and dark energy, which influence galaxies under causing the universe to expand ever faster. dark matter is invisible, but can be observed by its gravitational effect on galaxies. you can,

it is very special because this camera will have such as precise accuracy in terms of how we understand the way the camera works is we'll actually be able to measure the shape of the galaxy. and we know that gravity, i just need to store the sites of galaxies, and so will be able to understand how my affects galaxies and expansion. euclid will take several $100000.00 images precisely, mapping out around a 3rd of the cosmos. the t for the telescope looks into space, the further it can see back into the past. so the photos are not only a current snapshot, but also the documents. how large structures in the universe developed, including galaxies and galaxy clusters, as well as the vast filaments of dark matter that draw them together. their dynamics will provide information about the dark side of the universe. you for this

task with answering 5 questions. how is dark matter distributed throughout the universe? how did the expanding universe evolve over time? what does that tell us about the characteristics of dark energy? has proportions of dark energy changed over time? how did the universe is? large scale structures form more than 3 and a half 1000 people from 21 countries are working on the euclid project. to europe in space, agency or essay is overseeing it. the 1400000000 euro mission should give us a better understanding of the universe. the quality of the eclipse 1st images has been impressive. the photos still won't tell us what dark matter actually is. but knowing how it's distributed in space will provide an important basis for further research into what is probably the greatest mystery of the universe. hundreds of sciences,

no eagerly await you. clicked insights into the cosmos. it will then take years to analyze the data and now is it to you think you have a science question, send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your question on the shows, we'll send a small gift as a thing to this week's question comes from daniel fernando. as in columbia. can you see this dogs when the surface of the moon on a clear night air on is the sky is lifted with countless stones the but if we were in the big city, we only see a few because our surroundings are too bright. it's the same when there's

a full moon on its light out shines everything else if we're in a job pace, on the other hand, we see many stones twinkling. that twinkling is caused by the is up to see. when the starlight passes through the atmosphere, it hits names of different temperatures and is diffracted. the moon has no, let's see it. that means nights of the sun shines on, hinges on the surface. illuminating it bright be. but areas in shadow remain extreme. the dog. historical footage of minds missions to the moon show the apollo astronauts against the backdrop of a black sky, a sky without stars that raise questions about whether they ask them what should really be to them in or whether the whole thing was staged. much

later that could be a space proved also showed up black sky. it's simply because the earth and your assistance of the moon is so bright. the cameras couldn't pick up the stones just like in the city, when most at the stars are no longer visible. in 1972 astro notes on the apollo 16 mission photographs. the earth and this guy on the moon in ultra violet light. the images are listed with bright, don't saw stars, so they can be seen the mean. and you actually have an unobstructed view of them. just like on the international space station, which floats above the s, it must be it. so for that reason, the stars don't appear to twinkle like they do down here on the will we always have in us from which we can gaze at the sky given to move in 12000 nuclear

weapons that still exist worldwide. it's a legitimate question. we haven't even managed to achieve a hope to meet the weapons testing. we can monitor this easily thanks to a worldwide network of measuring stations that register every kind of test we visit one such listening in germany. the facility is located close to germany's border with the check republic and austria. lar serrano from the institute for geosciences in hanover, comes here once a year to do maintenance work. the station was built in the 1980s to monitor the soviet union, nuclear weapons tests. these days the focus is on countries like north korea and china. this is a steam, is it in deadlock, a x v systems can i don't if i explosions very accurately pinpointing their

location and measuring their strength. wisconsin theme is thoughtful that most of sex is detected and a den, a fide every an authorized test since 1996. and you can see it in the surroundings very in forest shops like this one conceals sized monitors. opening the chef is strictly forbidden, under normal circumstances, but today these devices are switched off, ready for maintenance. so they're located at a depth of 5 meters on granite rocks where they can detect even the smallest tremors into horizontal directions and vertically messing yeah, within we have 26 sized monitors here. measuring tremors in the earth and the 5 then we saw of an earthquake or explosion occurs somewhere in the world is what it will limit vibrations to. and if those vibrations are strong enough, they'll be picked up here. that the last nuclear weapons tested north korea

released vast amounts of energy just like in an earthquake. the tremors traveled quickly through the earth's core and more slowly along the surface. after just 11 minutes, the alarm sounded here in hanover at the german government's earthquake center. this is where the signal is from the measuring stations and the variance, forest and elsewhere are recorded. the strength of the tremors and their precise location can be pinpointed exactly. and we have 6 star because if we had a powerful size my logical event right now, we would see something like what we have here indicating perhaps weaker events. so we have a horizontal line here and what this means that all the stations registered a lot of energy at the same time. it's back to the measuring station and the variance forest state of the art in for sound systems are also located in the surrounding woods. they verify the size make measurements with additional readings

. speed instruments are well hidden, so lar serrano has trouble finding them. look upon their so well camouflage to come then you can only see the individual measuring points once you're standing right in front of them. 100, some it's vivian. so even we who know where they are can't just spot them in passing. each one comprises 96 steel tubes lying on the ground and pointing in every can see what well directions they can detect. the smallest changes in air pressure, such as those caused by nuclear weapons test. this is organism i listen via the using these inlet. we measure the air pressure at this point here, this, this air pressure say don't then passes through the stainless steel pipe system. we're measuring low frequency sound here. so that's in for sound waves that humans can here with frequencies of 4 hertz or less. sometimes for up to minutes at a time and vision for sound waves because they have such

a low frequency can travel over a very, very long distances. so tens of thousands of kilometers. the solitude and tranquillity of this border region make it an ideal locations for the measurements . they take place around the clock. underground tests are registered just like earthquakes. seismic events are recorded and analyzed by over 300 such measuring stations worldwide. and it's not i constructed so if an event takes place, we have for 5 or even 10 or 12 of these measuring stations that have picked it up and bail showed the direction it came from. so we can locate where the cross can pinpoint the location precisely no test the. the last underground nuclear weapons test carried out by north korea in 2017 triggered a creek measuring 6.4 on the richter scale. in the past 25 years, only the united states, india,

pakistan and north korea have carried out such tests. in theory, they're banned by an international treaty, but it's never come into force. still lar serrano believes it's important to monitor these activities and make every tests public existence, dean. this system makes our world safer. food. when placed about it's making a significant contribution towards one day having a world free of nuclear weapons. and, and even if you say the cold war or causes which use their motivation so is over. it's of course, still an important color of global security policy, especially in today's world that globe binds the sides pretty take and it could become even more important if some countries, once again, start testing nuclear weapons. the teacher knows that access to quantum computers is as restricted as the trade in weapons. great new materials. this is to ensure that quantum computers don't fall

into the wrong hands because the technology is set to be able to crack all encryption codes worldwide. should it finally function is intended? that's one reason why many countries are investing billions to finance the development of this technology with china leading the way by 2020 to aging, had some $15.00 us dollars into quantum computing. other industrialized nations. i'll olson investing heavily, but how did these machines actually look at says loans, quantum computers look more like a launch refrigerated viral. not exactly spectacular. the secret lies within a quantum computer has to be cut incredibly cold. print superconducting components to work that code quantum date. so cubits especially, they need cooling systems,

laser policies on control technology. a computer like this will probably never grace and office desk, but it's cubits can do way, mold and conventional. but normally these computers are kept under lock and key. but at ibm research center in switzerland, we get to have a sneak peak at one from a mazda they showed other k now. so this is a quantum computer that, that the moment it's cut. it doesn't have a processor on it right now that you want me to input and then they'll all the loading from below then is the actual, the quantum processor. acid of us makes a what you see here and see what is the refrigerator capable of cooling down to what we call absolute 0 toyota, which is minus 275 degrees celsius at all, and say the seals and foss, new tubing. this helps to shield the processes from outside influences to understand of quantum computers. what you have to do is deep into the world of the smallest particles,

the item. it's the world of quantum mechanics. a strange will nice, disturbing wells. that's fascinating to hear. everything is constantly in motion overlapping on often in several places at once. it's hard to growth quite literally, because as soon as you try to measure something here, the quantum states dissolve. so you 1st have to learn how they work. in the past, we will only familiar with conventional bids, which are electrical circuits with transistors that can either be 041. this digital well can be wired logically what each circuit is processed in sequence one off to the other very quickly, but always one off to the other in the quantum computer bits become cubits. they can be manipulated by a microwave or laser pulses, thus described many most states of and just one or see right. in the

so called superposition, the cubic can be one i'm 0, but the same time an old states between the it's rather like a spinning coined as long as it spinning the decision is open. only when you measure this, the cubic choose one of the 2 conventional states unacceptable will help illustrate what this means. in practice, a computer resolves to find the most direct cost in a complex system. a conventional computer works to old possible pulse, one of to the other. the more complex the task, the longer it takes, a quantum computer with its connected cubits, can try out all the possible path symbols heinously. and so find the best route much more quickly, but it says i'm going to show now you've learned about 2 important properties of quantum computer. technically at 1st,

the superposition law that you can be in 2 states at the same time on coffee. but the other thing is with it, and if you have more cubits, and this leads to an extreme increase in the number of possibilities that you can look at simultaneously, look a minute long. this is called quantum parallelism going to be on. and that makes the quantum computer is very powerful and very fast. i'm off this now, what are the possibilities of this quantum power level as i'm responding? so one cubic in superposition can describe 2 states simultaneously, a 0 on a one with 2 cubits. that increases to full state the combinations 000110111. each additional cubic doubles the number of possible single tiny states. so with 3 cubits the 8 combinations. with full it's 16. it increases

exponentially. a system with 10 cubits can already make use of 1024 states. sivilton is late with 20 cubits. that number rises to over 1000000 with 33 cubits. you could execute operations on most states. then they're all people on this with a 166 cubits it's mold and all the items on s, on with 279 cubits. you could work some more tiny sleep on about as many states and etc. thought to be items in the entire universe. 971 step to invite intel in an unimaginable number with a to 7 digits. so quantum have a lot of them, makes extremely complex computing possible. but what could quantum computers best be useful stuff on zone or a specialist in quantum algorithms says that's suitable for highly complex

simulations with almost n. this possibilities by speaking of the examples could include carbons speak restrictions. so in this extensive, the development of synthetic fuels, 1st thing, we don't know how to make them more energy efficient supplementing. so the examples often relate to energy efficiency. again, this kind of that concludes the development of new catalysts, or a better understanding of chemical processes and all other examples include the development of new drugs that work better. and we do have a more targeted effect and fewer side effects. for example, in the long term, that's a possible application that could have a huge impact on society to this claim. and i suppose off off because i talked talking kind of taking the example of medicine. imagine every person receiving their own personal medication tailored to the illness and to them. quantum computers could calculate what that would need to look like. for agriculture, quantum computers could make farming green us by helping to optimize the production of ammonia making the production of fertilizer most sustainable

herndon logistics. initial experiments are already underway and extremely busy polled at los angeles. quantum like systems have optimize the handling of containments. that's helping to save a lot of money on results is so the phone one to computers, austin and evans and see. but the potential is huge. we have not about science and technology. that's like d. w signs is now on take time. what to do for fun? why do gravitational ways when did people begin getting high and laughing gas drums boogie to the beads and what's the perfect kid footboard find?

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this is dw news live from berlin. these really army has reached the center of hon. eunice, the biggest city in southern, in the south of the territory. israel has rejected calls for humanitarian ceasefire saying he needs to keep finding him us also coming up argentina gets a new president. right winger, harvey, i'm your name is promising to slash public spending and make argentine agree to get but he's taking the office in the.