in 45 minutes on d w, we say they're never giving up every weekend on dw, the when it comes to meet, people tend to have strong opinions for some kids at the center of the meal, a delicacy they can't do without while other people, including beacons, and vegetarians avoid me for various reasons, like protecting the environment all this and more on this edition of dw science, you welcome to tomorrow today the

cows or a major climate killer due to their burbank and flatulence, which contains methane, a greenhouse gas, but it's $28.00 times more power than c o 2, whether they live on a pastor or in a barn and a don't count them, it's between 30500 grams of methane a day. about as much as driving a car for 80 kilometers. cattle are also a major source of nitrous oxide, which is produced when they're done and you're in lavish on a pastor as a greenhouse gas. nitrous oxide is 12 times more potent than me thing and $300.00 times worse than c o 2 but how much nitrous oxide is produced? exactly. that's what scientists from the swiss agra scope research institute, want to find out of these chambers which are closed for

a couple of minutes. every few hours, collect the gas, is emitted from the ground. you set up for that in that how much of these chambers contains applications, various measuring devices when you're in that allows us to monitor those factors. the amount of harmful gas is being limited here, the topping kite, which the man the researches also use various devices to monitor the wind as well as c o 2 and other gases that allows them to assess the net greenhouse gas emissions for the entire pastor. the special camera also records how many candle power on the pastor several times in our state. all of this is based on some complex calculations when using these readings

and what we can see on the photo same, you know, we can determine the emissions book how one for each hour they spend on the meadow light. the study isn't done yet, but the results so far suggested in switzerland, grazing cows account for less nitrous oxide emissions than previously assumed the rope all a veil for this. what cannot they? me so one's for global benchmark stillwater cold emission site says that we've been using them based on the data from new zealand, britain, the netherlands, and so for those a long so hold on. so the thought on the, some of that data is raw. the rolled on in on the findings can also vary based on the climate and salt conditions, processed and also the bench. but i will try to add in garlic. citrus extracts, flaxseed or red l g to the cattle feed,

can help reduce emissions of the 2nd greenhouse gas methane, along with the speed additives. scientists are also trying to breed kettle that emit less me thing. the real problem isn't the cause. it's our insatiable hunger for me. that hunger is what drives the cattle industry and why there are over a 1000000000 counts on the planet. there are plenty of alternatives to meet like vegan products made of soil grains and legumes and researchers around the world are working on making meet out of cell cultures. in bio reactors, they've already figured out how to do it, although consumers aren't quite ready for it. yes, is this a taste at the future?

a piece of meat to cultivated in a bio reactive made by a start up based in switzerland. some dust. yeah, this is the 1st time that we've been able to produce a steak like this and cook it and it doesn't contain any g hmos. all fetal bovines here and in theory, we couldn't make it any sizes. one. occlusal christopher myatt and his team have succeeded in harvesting stem cells and growing them in a plant based medium, which has been processed into muscle fibers, creating an unusually sick slab of lab quoted me. something else feeling was before, do you see there are lots of muscle fibers that we've been able to join together using connective tissue to get a piece of settling down if you name it has to come and then we can slice dot into stakes. advisor mistakes for dash time. scientists around the world of studying how to make me types of stem cells. so far it hasn't been produced on any stuff. still

scale. and the single pole is the only country that's approved it sales ex, but say lab gray meet still faces of hurdles, the glues that also the leading. the biggest challenges include manufacturing the file reactors and the equipment. we need to produce this lab real meat, including all of the materials, we would need the human voice to and, and of course we don't have enough of all the components needed to make the culture medium. indeed, and they're still far too expensive for little fits and push all future toil. now the us had kind of is a professor of cellular agriculture in the neck. and this setting up a new research center that he believes cultivated meet could be the wave of the future to the, to the full time. that would be all sorts of environmental benefits, of course, less pollution, lower water consumption and possibly somewhat lower energy consumption. and then of course, there are the ethical benefits and the ability to secure the food supply on

a global level inside. that's how people around the welfare and here in gemini, ready for me, from a petri dish. i'm definitely not. i wouldn't need it because i'm not from a petri dish. sorry i'm too much of a gorman for that. at the university in northern gemini mclinn, he is studying consumer acceptance of lab grade meat. he believes it's key to sustainable me consumption that you say knows that for a few minutes it will be a hard sell that supposed to be. yeah, home we have here is an innovation that breaks the rules we humans have always lived by. we've always hunted encoder animals, i'll meet the so this will be a huge adjustment of years ago. so i suspect it will be easier to get ahold of technology in place, then it will be to gain broad acceptance for this. i felt as i to the act of times he's been studying what's behind people's reluctance to warm up to these kinds of

innovations when it comes to food. that's must be the one thing we realize is that there are lots of mixed feelings tied up with this levels. we humans are drawn to new foods, but at the same time we're kind of propelled by them life. i think i'd like to see us have an open ended debate about these technologies so that we can grapple with these issues taken look in your stomach. what are the benefits of the challenges, like to have all and then decide whether or not would accept this innovation from one visa using about students who doesn't to, to promote that to open ended debates. he also spends the most of time listening to people's concerns. today he's visiting a young book check in a region that sometimes goes to pull bouts of gemini philip. the map was that to show his painted his families of 5 generations and sales v good products. so how does the fee in about lab grad meet i paid? well, if you can give me your soft lesson gets a topic, it's definitely on my radar. a blockhead,

but i'm not quite there yet. mentally. yes. so high quality meat is really important to me. and so is knowing where my meet comes from this and we'll check on that makes him a lot more open to the idea than many politicians. so fond gemini has been slow to invest in r n d when it comes to cultivated, meet the agriculture minutes to announce the new funding program, but it's being slow as it gets off the ground. the ministry for research is also sponsoring a project in munich, mount yes, and kind of into his team and conducting basic research and the 3 d printing and bio reactive. they're also interested in developing new technologies for cultivated maint that include studying which nutrient mediums are best for growing meat cells . gemini, may be behind in this sector, but not he has had colleagues hoping to change that style, but i'll put my hands on it. even if we're one of the last countries to get on

board with cellular agriculture, i don't think we've missed the boat entirely disposable mich fresh last week. but i do think it's important for policy makers to signal that they're on board and stuff helps dealing with other hurdles to including lexie, endo paying regulatory processes. some of them i have printed this out for us. so let's take this thing a pool. a nice document which sets out very clearly what the steps are mailing this to us and which is also clear and concise in yet. but for europe, there's nothing of the countries have expressed interest in the swiss stuff top. but mary might not even apply for approval in the you mount e as hankle think spots a shame, been continuing votes on sale. germany is very strong when it comes to research. i look at, we have all the skills we need and we could implement this here. and that would be

a shame of companies that are based in europe that developed their product in europe. have to go somewhere else to apply for approval. the step from stem cell to stake is well underway and it set to transform the food into agriculture and markets. all the more reason to get tumble, which they need is perfectly suited to production in urban areas and by 2050, more than 2 thirds of us will be living in cities according to a report issued by the united nations to make sure that urban dwellers also have access to fresh fruit and vegetables growing produce in the city would make sense. like an indoor farming. an idea with plenty of potential. andreas. oh, they enjoy spending time in the, in the, from the university of applied sciences in the city of austin to brook in north west in germany. these black pepper vines,

a native to sub tropical regions. but the thriving here and this greenhouse still spice ponds. just a sideline here, the main focus is vegetables. these one is, does. our vision alpha leave is not as a result of social changes and climate change. for 40 bucks, one a need to supply people in metropolitan areas with planned to face food. just wanted to dial the side on it because people like having a variety of time based foods in that diet. a novel, we're looking for crops that do well with these kinds of oven spaces as well, but i'm in volume and touch bases. i'll quit to via to that and kind of like let's as for example, it's gross is being monitored by various cameras and senses that allows the researches to assess which environmental factors are most beneficial to grace.

light is one of the key fact is the scientists can adjust the light intensity on the temperature to optimize the conditions. but each species and groups can be accelerated to like. and this variety of sweet potato modifies have been or ticked. and his lots of i normally this variety here would take about a $120.00 days to be ready for hop out to face off the picked up in ones on using our system. that's where the 1st to succeed in speeding that up to 80 days. so we've really speeded up the cultivation process and find a dollar to ship for to a definable researches are especially interested in sweet potato vines, the rich in nutrients which make them an ideal food staple. since space is at a premium in cities, the greenhouse is based on vertical foaming the ponds grow, one above the other in hydra pony tow it on instead of soil. they grow in

a substrate that has the perfect mix of nutrients which are obtained from an unusual location. i mean, a lot of sites that said, sorry, it's 0 producing mineral salt is quite energy intensive. obama, of course, for urban indoor farming systems like this. we're looking for ways to obtain the nutrients we need and a new and energy efficient way to even ask of an vixen one to and that's why we went to municipal sewage treatment plans that the guy looked for ways that we could use the nutrient resources in the waste for the, for, for our crops, that's a really long so it looks by nothing. so this wastewater pounds is located in a major metropolitan region. se if the university treats more than 400000000 cubic meters of waste water a year, which could be a valuable resource in the oven farming, fuck my contact is developing and analyzing technologies to recover

a key nutrients from wasteful time to unlock his invasion. placing the hole in the sewage treatment plant is basically a trough for all the waste materials that accumulate in an urban area. and it's named and that includes the key nutrients we're interested in, like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also resources like c o 2, as well as the treated and purified water you need for this form of cultivation. and of course, the energy that's available in a waste water treatment plan which you need in order to operate those systems efficiently. the technology is being tested in this pilot plant, a miniature wastewater treatment facility right next to the big one. the waste water flows 3 batteries, filter system. this is looking at the tea leaves or what's called the light is, you know, it's a naturally occurring mineral, a naturally occurring rock, which we use for an ion exchange process. so, and absorption, process ions,

that's one. so this is one of the 3 technical modules that we used to obtain fewer waste water, meaning water that contains no trace substances self and contaminants of important anything that would pose a hygienic, written emphasis to the end result are liquid fertilizer solutions like this coming, which are perfectly clear and which can be used in cultivation systems like the one over there in a function code to the old phone. i guess there's also a small, green house at the front, felt my college and andre a school police, a monitoring the letters that's being fed with liquid fertilizer, a form of lemme know, also known as duck lead is growing in a nearby basin. it's high in protein and it's long been a source of food in parts of asia. one day vegetables might be growing, get around right next to wastewater treatment facilities. but we'll can see must be willing to bind vegetables that were fed by waste water. that's the

information is coming in and then the retail stay will look if we can ensure that no harmful substances from the waste water treatment system to get into the greenhouse for trial august the united states is inc, if we can insure that and above all, advertise that we're providing fresh, regional, high quality produce, produce and then we believe people will be more than happy to take advantage of these regionally, grow them product. amazon no such as these are not a product, a product to subscribe for. not wanting to reset chairs back in austin or brook are examining every pound for possible contaminants. and optimizing the composition of the liquid fertilizes, produced the waste molten plant. one day wastewater treatment plants might have a 2nd job, supplying nutrients to nearby and farms and greenhouse is. the quick

view on our vision is that one day a wastewater treatment plan could serve as an anchor for urban development within a larger region. in the past, the church towers play that role in visiting but in the future of this kind of innovative production site could be the place where new neighborhoods are formed in which the residents can obtain fresh produce from right next door. and he liked and gave them with climate change, vulnerable supply chains. uncontrolled vesee surrounding the use of fertilizes produce room with the help of wastewater plants may well help feed the cities of the future. and what about our water supply? many we searchers believe that by 2050, nearly a quarter of all urban areas will face water shortages in large part due to climate change which will become increasingly apparent by mid century. that's why

scientists are now looking for ways to recycle and reuse water more efficiently. because every drop counts this waste forte is from a flush toilet. it's in the basement of the next research and residential building . is there a rec? environmental engineer, causing a dollar, is studying ways to move to can be recycled. and there is someone just flush the toilet. and here you can see gray water. maybe someone is washing their hands or taking a shower to shift. that is to say, sometimes you can see toilet paper or cc starting through the pipe, especially. so that's the great thing about those transparent pipe. and i can see what's going through them, because i need to work up a lot of the research who wants to recycle the was a here in the building, rather than sending it to a wastewater treatment, crowns. even if it's not recycled into drinking water, it could be put to what the uses here in the building. the waste water from the

nest building is being connected at the water hub lab, but e t h 's or rick university. several different kinds of waste, which were generated in residential buildings. water coming from the bathrooms, kitchen washing machine is cold, grey or tan. black that comes from flushed toilet and contains pcs. yellow room contains new and normally all these kinds of which were mixed together before it makes its way to a municipal wastewater treatment plants. but here in the water, how it's recycled. that's why the scientists keep each kind of waste with a set price that he chose, that fee sees urine don't end up in recycling, moves to of the technology being developed here could be especially important in times of war to scarcity mix they could show here in switzerland, we're already seeing a certain regions, certain times of the year,

it could really benefit from using water. maybe we want to be prepared in gain experience on how to deal with the challenges or the future. again. one of these challenges, for example, is the increasingly hot summers in urban areas. when cities get hot to they need more time spent, most of it's been recycled but isn't quite few enough to pass must through his drinking water could make a real difference or should we could find the case trees. you see here, for example, gladish, we could use it to water, the trees advance full so which in turn could how cool lot as a rental area. really excessive households produced plenty of gray more time when people brush the teeth shala and wash laundry. for example, recycling it right on the spot and reusing it straight away. well then sending it fast to a municipal wastewater crowns could be far more efficient at the most to have the

catalina done is filtering. gray will test to get it ready for recycling. after the 1st tank uses a course filter, it filters out here and larger waste part of caustic how it will succeed. so that's the 2nd tank. it contains a small treatment planet where bacteria breakdown nutri at all in the dirty water. so of course the taxes have to box it and if i were to natural pop, you have the member on another membrane, filters out the bacteria and the tiniest particles before the water flows into a carbon filter and an extra so they come and that filters out additional organic substances varnish don't, will succeed. that is the school to now ready to drink. lots of benefit to salt lake city. no, i wouldn't produce water and it's something and we're not trying to produce drinking water. a smaller plan is to use this waterford base. other purposes also could include things like flushing the toilet or showing the gotten recycled was it could be put to all sorts of good uses,

especially in hot punch summit as well. cuz subbing drink people in the process is red white. so now it's your turn. you have a science question, send it to us in a video text or voice mail. if we answer it on our show, we'll send you a small gift as a thank you. the this week's viewer question comes from hospice. apple. the in gonna what color is smoke? smoke is made up of water vapor, various gases, and tiny, so in particles, it's usually formed when solids or gases are burned. throughout human history, smoke has been put to a variety of uses. we use it to preserve foods,

to help calm beats, and during rituals and religious events, the color of smoke depends on a number of different factors. most importantly, the substance that was burned and how it was burned. would, for example, can produce smoke in various colors. when it's, when the smoke is thick and white, dr. wood smoke is almost transparent and here is low in oxygen. the smoke can be dark gray or almost black. earning substances that contain a lot of carbon, usually released as dark, or even black clouds of smoke. like when cold, crude oil or plastics are burned, the dark color indicates that the substance didn't fully combust and the smoke contains a lot of sit particles the

various chemicals can be added to substances to make colored smoke. red smoke, for example, is used in signals which can help raising alarm over large distances. so smoke isn't just smoke, and firefighters can often tell what kind of fire they're headed towards. even from a distance. reddish brown smoke can indicate hydrochloric acid or nitrogen, while yellow smoke can indicate so far. we're crazy about science and technology. that's why dw science is now on tick tock . what do be do for fun? why do gravitational waves squeeze our bodies? when did people begin getting high on laughing gas out? who are your drums? they'll get to the beach. and what's the perfect cure for bug bites?

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