a 30 minutes dw, the roads, people have to see us too. that's why we listen. because every weekend on d w, the when it comes to meet, people tend to have strong opinions for some. it's the center of the meal, a delicacy they can't do without. while other people, including beacons and vegetarians, avoid me for various reasons, slight protecting the environment. all this and more on this edition of dw science, you welcome to tomorrow. today the

cows are a major climate killer due to their burbank and flatulence, which contains methane, a greenhouse gas, but it's $28.00 times more pump that c o 2, where they live on a pastor or an a barn, and a don't count them. it's between 30500 grams of me thing a day. about as much as driving a car for 80 kilometers cattle are also a major source of nitrous oxide, which is produced when they're done and you're in lavish on a pastor. as a greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide is 12 times more potent than me thing and $300.00 times worse than c o 2 but how much nitrous oxide is produced? exactly. that's what scientists from the swiss agra scope research institute. want to find out these chambers which close for

a couple of minutes every few hours, collect the gas, is emitted from the ground. you set up for that and the how much of these chambers contains applications, various measuring devices for when you're in that it allows us to monitor those patches. the amount of harmful gas has been limited here. the topping kite, which the man the research has also use various devices to monitor the wind, as well as c o 2 and other gases that allows them to assess the net greenhouse gas emissions for the entire pastor. the special camera also records how many candle power on the pastor several times in our state. all of this is based on some complex type relations go on using these

readings. um, what we can see on the photo see me see what we can determine the emissions account one for each hour they spend on the meadow light the study isn't done yet, but the results so far suggested in switzerland, grazing cows account for less nitrous oxide emissions than previously assumed the little ball a bell for it is what cannot they, me so one's for global benchmark stillwater cold emissions fact says that we've been using them. it's all based on the data from new zealand, britain, the netherlands. and so for those a long so hold on. so the thought on the, some of that data is raw, the rolled on in on the findings can also vary based on the climate and salt conditions processed and also the bench. but i will try to add in garlic, citrus extracts, flaxseed or red l g to the cattle feed can help reduce emissions of the 2nd

greenhouse gas methane along with these feed additives. scientists are also trying to breed kettle that emit less me thing. the real problem isn't the kaos. it's our insatiable hunger for me. that hunger is what drives the cattle industry and why they're over a 1000000000 count on the planet. there are plenty of alternatives to meet like vegan products made of soil grains and legumes and researchers around the world are working on making meat out of sell cultures. in bio reactors, they've already figured out how to do it, although consumers aren't quite ready for it. yes, is this a taste of the future?

a piece of meat to cultivated in a bio reactive made by a start up based in switzerland some dust. yeah, this is the 1st time that we've been able to produce a steak like this and cook it and it doesn't contain any g hmos. all fetal bovines here and in theory, we couldn't make it any sizes one. occlusal kristof maya and test team have succeeded in harvesting stem cells and growing them in a plant based medium, which is then processed into muscle 5 as creating an unusually 6 nob of lab, quoted me. something else feeling was good for. do you see there are lots of muscle fibers that we've been able to join together using connective tissue to get a piece of settling down? if you name it has to come and then we can slice dot into stakes advisor mistakes for dash time. scientists around the world of studying how to make me types of stem cells. so far it hasn't been produced on any industrial scale. and the single pole

is the only country that's approved sale ex, but say lab gray mate still faces t of handles the goose net also leaving the biggest challenges include manufacturing the file reactors and the equipment we need to produce this lab real needs, including all of the materials we would need the human voice to and, and of course we don't have enough of all the components needed to make the culture medium. indeed, and they're still far too expensive for little bits and fish. also a few to toil. now the us had kind of is a professor of cellular agriculture in the neck. and this setting up a new research center that he believes cultivated meet could be the wave of the future. i found that to be the full time that would be all sorts of environmental benefits, of course, less pollution, lower water consumption and possibly somewhat lower energy consumption. and then of course, there are the ethical benefits and the ability to secure the food supply on

a global level inside. that's how people around the world are and here in gemini, ready for me, from a petri dish. i'm definitely not. how would need it? because i'm not from a petri dish, sorry, i'm too much of a core bond for that. can be solved. at faxed to university. it was in gemini nicholas and he is studying consumer acceptance of lab grade meat. he believes it's key to sustainable meat consumption, but use i noticed that for you minutes, it will be a hard sell that's supposed to be. yeah, we have here is an innovation that breaks the rules we humans have always lived by . we've always hunted encoder animals. i'll meet the so this will be a huge adjustment of years ago, so i suspect will be easier to get ahold of technology in place then it will be to gain broad acceptance for this. i talk, does i to the active times he's been studying what's behind people's reluctance to warm up to these kinds of innovations when it comes to food. that's must be the

only thing we realize is that there are lots of mixed feelings tied up with this levels. we humans are drawn to new foods, but at the same time we're kind of propelled by them life. i think i'd like to see us have an open ended debate about these technologies so that we can grapple with these issues taken look in your stomach. what are the benefits? one of the challenges, like to have all and then decide whether or not would accept this innovation one bit. he's a, he's talking about doing sort of some to, to promote that to open ended debates. he also spends a lot of time listening to people's concerns. today he's visiting a young book check in a region that sometimes goes to poke bouts of gemini philip mat boys, but to shop as needed, his family for 5 generations. and he is in sales v good products. so how does he feel about lab grad meat? i paid. well, if you can give me your thoughts lesson gets a topic. it's definitely on my radar. a blockhead. but i'm not quite there yet.

mentally. yes. but high quality meat is really important to me and so is knowing where my meet comes from this and we'll check on that makes him a lot more open to the idea than many politicians. so fall, gemini, has been slow to invest in r and d, when it comes to cultivated, meet the aqua co 2 minutes to announce the new funding program, but it's being slow to get off the ground. the ministry for research is also sponsoring a project in munich, mount yes, hang, cut into his team and conducting basic research along with 3 d printing and bio reactive. they're also interested in developing new technologies for cultivated maint that include studying which nutrient mediums the best for growing meat cells . gemini, may be behind in this sector, but not he has had colleagues hoping to change that style. but let me, it's on an,

even if we're one of the last countries to get on board with cellular agriculture, i don't think we've missed the boat entirely. indispensable. meet fresh life. but i do think it's important for policy makers to signal that they're on board and stuff helps dealing with other hurdles to including lexi endo, paying a regulatory processes. some of them i have printed this out for us. so let's take this thing a pool. a nice document which sets out very clearly what the step saw. this is emilio and this is the us. and which is also clear and concise in yet. but for year of there's nothing or how's the countries have expressed interest in this way stuff top. but mary might not even apply for approval in the u. s. hang call, think spot. so shame been continuing votes on sale. germany is very strong when it comes to research. i look, we have all the skills we need. and we could implement this here. and that would be

a shame of companies that are based in europe that develop their product in europe . have to go somewhere else to apply for approval argument. the step from stem cell to stake is well underway and it's set to transform the food and agriculture markets. all the more reason to get tumble, which i've made me is perfectly suited to production in urban areas and by 2050, more than 2 thirds of us will be living in cities according to a report issued by the united nations to make sure that urban dwellers also have access to fresh fruit and vegetables growing produce in the city would make sense. like an indoor farming. an idea with plenty of potential. andreas. oh, they enjoy spending time in the, in the, from the university of applied sciences in the city of austin to brook in northwest in germany. these black pet, the vines,

a native to sub tropical regions. but the driving here in this greenhouse still spies ponds. just aside line here, the main focus is vegetables. these one is, does. our vision alpha leave is that as a result of social changes and climate change, multiple poor, we both want and need to supply people in metropolitan areas with plant based food . just wanted to dial the size on because people like having a variety of time based foods in that diet. as a novelist, we're looking for crops that do well with these kinds of oven spaces as well behind in volume and tub spaces off quickly via to it. and kind of like, let's as for example, it's gross is being monitored by various cameras and senses that allows the researches to assess which environmental factors are most beneficial to grace.

light is one of the key fact is the scientists can adjust the light intensity on the temperature to optimize the conditions. but each species and growths can be accelerated to like. and this variety of sweet potato modifies have been here. take advantage of our normally this variety here would take about a $120.00 days to be ready for harvest to face off the pipe tops and went on using our system. that's where the 1st to succeed in speeding that up to 80 days. so we've really speeded up the cultivation process and sign a dollar to ship for to of the final. the researches are especially interested in sweet potato vines, the rich in nutrients which make them an ideal food staple. since space is at a premium in cities, the greenhouse is based on vertical foaming. the plants grow, one above the other in hydra pony tow it on instead of soil. they grow in

a substrate that has the perfect mix of nutrients which are obtained from an unusual location. i mean, a lot of sites that said, so i mean it's 0 producing mineral salt is quite energy intensive bonding for of an indoor farming systems like this. we're looking for ways to obtain the nutrients we need in a new and energy efficient way. it's even asked of an vixen one to and that's why we went to municipal sewage treatment plans. yeah, cuz the guy looked for ways that we could use the nutrient resources in the waste for the, for our crops, that's a pretty long so it looks by nothing. so this wastewater pounds is located in a major metropolitan region, se if the university treats more than 400000000 cubic meters of waste water a year, which could be a valuable resource in the oven. farming fog. my contract is developing and

analyzing technologies to recover a key, nutrients from wasteful time to unlock his invasion. placing the hole in the sewage treatment plant is basically a trough for all the waste materials that accumulate in an urban area. and it's named and that includes the key nutrients we're interested in, like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also resources like c o 2, as well as the treated and purified water you need for this form of cultivation. and of course, the energy that's available in a waste water treatment plan which you need in order to operate those systems efficiently. the technology is being tested in this pilot plant, a miniature wastewater treatment facility right next to the big one. the waste water flows 3 various filter systems. this is looking at the tea leaves or what's called the lights. you know, it's a naturally occurring mineral, a naturally occurring rock, which we use for an ion exchange process. so, and absorption, process ions,

that's one. so this is one of the 3 technical modules that we used to obtain fewer waste water, meaning water that contains no trace substances self and contaminants. so for anything that would pose a hygienic, written emphasis to the end result are liquid fertilizer solutions like this coming, which are perfectly clear and which can be used in cultivation systems like the one over there in a function code to the old phone. i guess it is also a small green house that the front felt my coin to an andrea school place, a monitoring the lattice that's being fed with liquids visualize it. a form of let me know, also known as duck lead is growing in a nearby basin. it's high in protein and as long been a source of food in parts of asia. one day vegetables might be growing, get around right next to waste water treatment facilities, but will consume is be willing to bind vegetables that was fed by waste water.

that's the official is coming in and then via the chance to well look, if we can ensure that no harmful substances from the waste water treatment system may not get into the greenhouse for trial august the united states is in one. if we can ensure that the bubble advertised, we're providing fresh, regional, high quality produce. we have to get to and then we believe people will be more than happy to take advantage of these regionally. growing product out. as i know, such as these are not a product a product to. so that's why the research is back in austin that brooks are examining every pound for possible contaminants. and optimizing the composition of the liquid fertilizes, produced the waste molten plant. one day wastewater treatment plants might have a 2nd job, supplying nutrients to nearby and farms and greenhouse is the quick

zoom. our vision is that one day a wastewater treatment plan could serve as an anchor for urban development. within a larger region, you have them in the past, a church towers play that role and dizzy talk about in the future of this kind of innovative production site could be the place where new neighborhoods are formed, in which the residents can obtain the fresh produce from right next door, and you gave them with climate change, vulnerable supply chains. uncontrolled facies surrounding the use of fertilizes produce, thrown with the help of waste water plants may well help feed the cities of the future. and what about our water supply? many researchers believe that by 2050, nearly a quarter of all urban areas will face water shortages in large part due to climate change, which will become increasingly apparent by mid century. that's why scientists are

now looking for ways to recycle and reuse water more efficiently. because every drop counts this waste water is from a flush toilet. it's in the basement of the nest research and residential building in zurich. environmental engineer causing a noise, is studying ways to move to can be recycled to very someone just flush the toilet. and here you can see gray water, maybe someone's watching their hands or taking a shower to shift. that is a sometimes you can see toilet paper or cc starting through the pipe was controlled . that's the great thing about those transparent pike. and i can see what's going through them, because i need to work up a lot of the research who wants to recycle the was a here in the building, rather than sending it to a waste water treatment account. even if it's not recycled into drinking water, it could be put to what the uses here in the building. the waste water from the

nest building is being connected at the water hub live, but e t h there. rick university. several different kinds of waste which were generated in residential buildings. water coming from the bathrooms, kitchen washing machine is cold, grey or tan. black that comes from flushed toilet and contain ccs. yellow room contains new and normally all these kinds of which were mixed together before it makes its way to a municipal wastewater treatment plants. but here in the water, how it's recycled. and that's why the scientists keep each kind of waste towards a set price that you choose that fee sees you and don't end up in recycling. moves to the technology being developed to you could be especially important in times of both the scarcity mix. they could show here in switzerland. we're already seeing a certain regions,

certain times of the year. it could really benefit from using water, but we want to be prepared in gain experience on how to deal with the challenges of the future. again. one of these challenges, for example, is the increasingly hot summers in urban areas. when cities get hot to they need more time spent, most of it's being recycled but isn't quite few enough to post most of his drinking water could make a real difference. or should you find the ice trees you see here? for example, gladish, we could use it to water, the trees with advance full supply, which in turn could help i cool lots of rental area. fairly excessive. households produced plenty of greyboard when people brush the teeth shower and wash laundry. for example, recycling it right on the spots and reusing it straight away. well, then sending it fast to a municipal wastewater accounts could be far more efficient at the low to happen.

and catalina done is filtering gray more test to get it ready for recycling. after the 1st tank uses a course filter, it filters out here and larger waste part of config will succeed. so that's the 2nd take. you can take a small treatment plant where bacteria breakdown neutral and the dirty water. so of course the taxes that's books faded. if i were to match the hub, you have the member on another membrane, filters out the bacteria and the tiniest particles before the water flows into a carbon filter and an extra should become and that filters out additional organic substance as long as she still will succeed. that as is this for to now ready to drink lots, lots of benefit to sort of thing. no, i wouldn't produce water and it's something and we're not trying to produce drinking water systems of our plan is to use this water for various other purposes . could include things like flushing the toilet or swimming the gotten recycled war so it could be put to all sorts of good uses,

especially in hot punch. some of those wow. can subbing drink people in the process of blood is red. so now it's your turn. you have a science question, send it to us in a video text or voice mail. if we enter it on our show, we'll send you a small gift as a thank you. the, this week's viewer question comes from hosses up to be in. donna, what color is smoke? smoke is made up of water vapor, various gases, and tiny certain particles. it's usually formed when solids or douses are burned. throughout human history, smoke has been put to a variety of uses. we use it to preserve foods, to help calm beats,

and during rituals and religious advance, the color of smoke depends on a number of different factors. most importantly, the substance that was burned and how it was born would for example, can produce smoke in various colors. when it's, when the smoke is thick and white. dr. wood smoke is almost transparent and here is low and oxygen. the smoke can be dark gray or almost black, earning substances that contain a lot of carbon use for the release of stars or even black clouds of smoke. like when cold, crude oil for plastics are burn. a dark color indicates that the substance didn't fully combust and the smoke contains a lot of sit particles the

various chemicals can be added to substances to make colored smoke. red smoke, for example, is used in signals which can help raising alarm over large distances. so smoke isn't just smoke and firefighters can often tell what kind of fire they're headed towards. even from a distance, reddish brown smoke can indicate hydrochloric acid or nitrogen, while yellow smoke can indicate so far. we're crazy about science and technology. that's why dw science is now on tick tock . what do be do for fun? why do gravitational waves? we use our bodies? when did people begin getting high on laughing gas? out who are ear drums, they'll get to the beach. and what's the perfect cure for bug bites?

check out the answers and get smart with dw science, our new tick, tock channel. that's all for now. thanks for joining us. we'll be back next week with another edition of tomorrow. today, the science show on dw. see you the, the, the, the, the

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