to these places in europe smashing the wrinkled step into a bold adventure the treasure map for modern flow. describe it as some of us wriggled, begging sites on youtube. and also look for the if you will from the city. you might not know that those rooms improve the quality and structure of soil, and they also play a decisive role in el paso with climate change. because they're responsible for storing huge amounts of c o 2 in the ground. but 1st, let's focus on our memory. we start associated with the reports about remembering, followed by another about just guessing will come to tomorrow today to science program on dw, the

can you still remember your 1st kiss? your 1st day the 1st time you spend a lot of forgettable moments like those get stores, you know, that's a subject memory. it's one of the various forms of memory that imagine different stages of life. those different functions our 1st to memory traces are formed in utero. the sound of its mother's voice is a fetus, is initial introduction to its mother tongue mind. this is right now. it's very quiet. next, probably sleeping very relaxed after the weekend. right now it's very quiet. probably sleeping we develop inability to remember in infancy, babies can memorize the faces of their closest family members. no,

though at 6 months, they only remember what they've experienced in the last 24 hours the by the age of 9 months, babies are storing memories for several weeks. and by 20 months, for a full year, the at 1st learning to walk is challenging. what's called procedural memory plays a vital role here. this is a type of implicit memory that age, the performance of particular tasks supported by the body, sense of balance and sensory data. it controls actions that we do automatically into all the by the age of 2 or 3, we've developed an explicit memory, enabling the conscious recollection of events. our earliest childhood memories, usually deep back to this time. the development of linguistic skills and memory are closely linked. language makes it easier to remember information. lice to

this house lies g h 2 is guess i, let's keep those out between the ages of 3 and 5 children. begin to plan ahead with the help of that perspective memory. it allows them to remember to do something at a particular time, the basis for planned future oriented behavior. the semantic memory develops when children start school, helping them to remember fact, cuz i submitted, is there a pub, hallucinations, ponce, and comes that phones on decor, wooten. so unless it was nothing on point, learning goes hand in hand with a marked improvement in long term memory. our teenage years and early adult to occupy a special place in our memories,

the intensity and novelty of our 1st sexual experiences. for example. in short, these memories stay with us forever. memories have formed between the ages of 15 and 25, that account for what's known as the reminiscence bump. nursing mothers often suffer from temporary memory loss. for a long time, it was thought that there, but que your hormonal balance was responsible to the scientists attribute another cause to the memory loss. the mother's sleep deprivation, the episodic memory allows us to go on a journey into the past. it's where very special personal experiences are stored. but starting at the age of 50, that capacity begins did window and we start forgetting more often. extreme old age. episodic memory can be badly damaged. but somehow memories from

childhood and adolescence still remain intact. the in contrast to the short term memories of old people, which often aren't retained at all the we develop routines to give up range a break or habits determine 50 percent of all the daily decisions means effectively going on also kind of freedom of time to make other more plants and decision the it's just as well. we don't have to walk out a new plan every morning for what to wear house and brush your teeth. oh tile shoelaces. that's why routine habits come in handy. they enable us to drink a cup of tea or coffee while we doing the paper with so

a custom to these activities from requisitions that the store and all subconscious and happened automatically. these unnoticed habits, a hard wired into our brain, and it kind of energy conserving default the but we also have routines that govern perhaps less productive aspects of our lives. that's the of to dinna mode. it's a couch grabbing the tv remote and some candy. and does the couch routine is also embedded in all subconscious. it can be a tough habit to kick the jill tons can remember practically every single she's ever experienced. she's one of the, just a few dozen people worldwide who's been diagnosed with height. this on easy name is the dates and they will recall the memories of that day and visit details. for all the personal pros and cons, the individuals involved could be

a listing for signs of developing medication. in the fight against out time is dementia. for getting isn't about our brain failing for scientists like on to be as pop past with 0 pals. remembering and forgetting are 2 sides of the same coin. much is known about the mechanisms of remembering, but he wants to better understand the process for getting the best here is to help. brain is designed to forget things kind of believe it or not. forgetting actually uses energy from that fact alone, we can tell the process, forgetting and cause very important. these to go put says our brain can process the huge amount of input that it receives every 2nd of every ga

it perceives every thing but doesn't save it all. it completely forgets many things automatic. when we're out and about, our brain absorbs impressions of everything. people treat houses, street cars, everything the if these impressions are retained as memories. nerve cells that take part in the memory process have to be connected by the synopsis. but not all impressions, images and memories remain. the majority of st options are blocked by a certain protein. then they can't bind anymore. this results in these impressions not being saved. we don't retain memories from the majority of these impressions which balances out the state of remembering and forgetting. so here's pub password. she wrote this once to find out whether a newly discovered gene found in people with hyper aside mystic syndrome,

acts like a switch that regulates or inhibits. we're getting these guys where we can take this step. unlimited helps them in the process. it's smaller than a centimeter long and an optimal research subject for the scientists. it's a model organism. the intent to introduce the gene to the name of the road that prevents memories from being forgotten. if they're successful, they can test how it works. their forms have to kind of form has no brain, but it has 302 nerve cells. that's enough to allow it to engage in complex behavior excess for how name adults can learn. and forget. we know, for example, somebody that these nerve cells here, these in particular, are very important for learning cross such as other nerve cells are important for

motor and movement processes. and that's why we use the name and tell the thing to them and do this. and for them, what effect will the gene have on the name? it towed? so yeah, and you have the word and now we can adjust the plasma tvs the scientists inject the worms with the human gene that prevents forgetting the gene was discovered in people with hyper site mastic syndrome. the gene transfer should produce worms that can't forget the fluorescent material indicates the name of drugs who have been injected with the gene the. now the question is whether or not these words can forget. these are straight to service. this is a very important step because we can now research this for him. it's nervous system

and what characteristics they have after they've been injected with the gene. that's how we get to know how these human genes work through these. as mentioned again from the scientists hypothesis is that the gene that hinders forgetting, sends out proteins that become active in the scene. absence of the brain that's where the normal process of automatically forgetting his blog that has the consequences that all of the impressions and memories don't disappear, but are permanently saved in the brain. the. the researchers work with 2 groups of worms, the so called and treated wild types, and the glowing ones that have been injected with genes. their behavior should show if and how the human gene impacts the process for getting gain isn't done through the genes. are there to produce protein. these is,

this is gene is obviously producing a protein that leads to forgetting to forget. so now we can inhibit this protein, put the in payment. we can do that with various methods including discovering substances that bind to it and inhibited vendor. so hopefully we'll also be able to inhibit forgetting here. hopefully help this for guessing hammond. the discovery could bring researchers closer to tearing alzheimer's dementia and other diseases. ones that are in tackle kind of inside our discovery can contribute to treating alzheimer's disease. how do you get to them? and it's most often, hopefully we've now discovered a mechanism that's related to forgetfulness, not the one that leads us to forgetting useful because now that we know that, and if we can identify substances that influence this gene. so we'll forget less untruthful investigator advantage. i guess a huge step for scientists and researchers

now on to the humble us when it's much larger than the tiny nematode in the last report. but it's just as blind in depth. the biggest populations of s williams live in europe, the northeastern united states, new zealand, children in those places. then early on that the terrestrial invertebrates are extremely beneficial. they keep soil a rated and, and show that it has a healthy caribbean which and ton benefits the climate to what impacts the increasing drug task. when our forest, especially on their ability to store carbon. it's a question the researchers in switzerland. i've been investigating for almost 2 decades. they irrigate the parts of a forest and compare them with dryer sections. to their surprise, significant differences became apparent after just a few years. there was

a in here the so here is really black lock which means it contains a lot of carbon vehicle into so it, so now let's look at the soil on the dry surface as a how is it? yeah, and the soil is far lighter in color c. i think that means that stores less carbon than the guarantee that's sort of a cool in store. i think it moves up and floats of the importance of forest soils and soaking up c o. 2 had been underestimated until relatively recently. this research, as highlighted, the impact of drugs and the ability of cells to store carbon. for the, for the experiment, we didn't expect to be able to measure any changes in carbon content. because it usually takes centuries to lenny or for the carbon recivore to change significantly . yeah. here we have 50 percent more carbon in the top soil in the year. a gated area. when stuff in the researchers have learned that soils store up to

5 times as much carbon as the vegetation above drained. but the question is, what leads to such a significant carbon increase in the grow and over such a short time period? the series, the organisms in the soil convert the deputy or liquor layer on top to soil, carbon g will color just different kinds of the one uses trucks containing foods to identify those organisms the health. so that's the main de composers are earth forms. besides them, there are also would life and mites epic sign up though they play a far smaller role in the process than earthworms. so you can go, the research here wants to determine how many air forms are active in the soil here . for this experiment, the applies to mixture of mustard water to a small section of ground. if this is kind of interesting, once the mixture has filtered down into the soil, the mustard water irritates the earth worms and forces them to creep up to the

surface where we can pick them up. couldn't be done from the old population, hopefully isn't, isn't guns, cuz here we have a very small, newly hatched worm, excuse me, a baby. and b me will come to a total of 50 swarms per square meter when projected to cover all forest cycles. that's an enormous bio mass. so the s williams must be quantity. the carbon content has increased so much. in the irritated section of the forest, the chief of scientists repeats the test and the parts of the forest that was not to be gated. how many worms are working, the soil here? dell not, wait, wait an ages without seeing a single word of. he discovered that s williams are no longer active with the water content of below 20 percent. to determine the exact carpet balance. he measures c o . 2 emissions from the soil the mass on the measuring the c o 2 balance shows the dry soils bind much less seo tool,

then irrigated soil 3rd the fuel and this is due to less carbon, being distributed by earth. worms in the top soil installs the wish, leaving the la domina valuable in solar books as the large scale irrigation of conduct for as far as is not a viable solution. it's kind of how you're doing is looking for alternatives. and nature delivers here to a comparison test he conducted showed that 20 times as many earthworms live and decide you as far as, as an conduct for this one's a result that suggests a change. of course, in forestry management, i'm detailed sliced by storing more carbon would require increasing the proportion of hardwoods. so this would stimulate earthworm activity, meaning more carbon is stored in the organic soil layered in the long term. when sol, unless escalate more organic soil or shoes, could also increase the proportion of carbon and soil and agriculture. scientists from the german center for integrative bio diversity and light sake of fund that

next nor to warms are active and intensively far soils. it's a very different story with organic farming when you have you got to of, when you break up the aggregates here in the ground, you can see that despite the soil being so dry, there's still a little bit of water, okay. call. and that crumbling texture is, can a touristic of earthworm activities look, this kind of decisions. so things are much too much, is the largest carbon reservoir on land. but there's being precious little research carried out into the role of f forms in this research. so again, it just wants to find out how to convert that plan to match up and the sugar that contains in the process, storing carbon in the soil for centuries. he's discovered that in addition to 6 treating stable carbon as forms improve the carbon balance in the cycle via their

skin. if we never categorise what's less known 5, what was not known at all is that then you get secreted by years were indeed stimulates the microbes in this oil to such a degree that they grow and build up bio mass like some of your muscle. and this bio mass almost ultimately stabilized into soil when the microbes die out of carbon has been bound in this oil and can no longer be emitted a c o 2, resulting in a cooler climate groups that every year about 10 times more c o 2 escapes from soils into the atmosphere, and it's produced by the learning fossil fuels performs in hybrid forest and organic farming, helped to store carbon over the long term. the unlikely little helpers in the fight against climate change. to that's a nice specimen. climate change means that's b c's traditionally at home in the south,

a migrating further and further north. the up recessionary most is native to southern and central europe, but is now also spreading to germany and sweden. the cast, put as vault has can cause serious invitation for human skin responses range from cutting down trees to assessing the mess and the host was on fire. the spraying of pesticides is also wide spread with it is a progressive solution even if it might not. additionally, look like it, the dentist, the carriers, is pulling out the big guns to get rid of some little pest from a suitable distance. he fires into the nest of the oak procession every caterpillar's next to an outdoor swimming pool. the idea is to introduce a deadly fungus to the nest via these reg gelatin balls. they were created by scientists from the university of applied sciences in getting in and are being tested in the field today. of crisis meet on the way from the 30 meters away. the

funding spreads out about the size of a phase like to do this and that's are bigger than that was so we need one or 2 shots to cover the whole mess with this. like we 1st look at the tips of the leaves and use them and once we found areas that have been eaten, we track down and asked by following them towards the trunk of the red balls contain bavaria bussey on a fungus that spreads inside the insect. and kills them with the professor was gone, who has spent years researching the various methods of combating the pesky oak procession? every caterpillar is favorite is firing, the deadly fungus, directly into the nest that quote, to any support is on. and it's a naturally occurring animal, pathogenic fungus, which is a fancy way of saying that it kills insects and how be awesome. we extracted the funds from this oil. i packed it into a ball and shot it into the nest of the old procession area. and then within the 8 hours, it killed the caterpillar students into, to, to hold up year in germany, the oak procession every month and has become

a real summer plague and recent years, it as few natural enemies local authorities have been spending tens of thousands of bureaus on combining the caterpillars and even vacuuming them up, deisel put the seo to the lewis. the real danger from the old procession every month is that it goes through several different life cycle. some during the 1st 2, they don't yet have any pretzels or set to. once they start to, i was thinking that 3rd larval stage, at that point they're very small and fine and wouldn't bother and adult human. but as of the 4th stage, they could cause caterpillar dermatitis and all the homes get mentioned. in some cases, it can lead to an end of electric shock with a reading of the i would and even long problems with me because the hair is getting stuck there. but the in the lucas, that's another substance being sprayed on trees, contain specialist there in gm's us or b t. it's considered a buyer's side because the bacteria disables and kills the procession every months

. but it also kills other beneficial insects. what's going to and his team did some tests on how the substance works. the shocking results prompted him to advise against any large scale deployment. it turns out that the bt spray also kills the few remaining natural predators of the month, such as each newman wasps and certain types of bands allotted for successful things. but the problem is that we're killing their enemies at the same time. so in the long run, we may even be strengthening the oak recessionary population to screen off last year as test showed that for every 2 dead oh procession every months. one beneficial insect guide as well the. they included beetles, various bugs, ants, and acumen and was great. so is the rifle method more sustainable with less

collateral damage? experts from various authorities are curious to see the 1st results. this is what the next looks like. after just 8 hours, the caterpillars are completely infested and dead and were assured that the fungus is also dead and won't spread outside the nest. that piece is van fungus because he insensitive of 25 degrees celsius locks. it's growth starts slowing down and stops completely at 28 degrees sized sofa comes into contact with a warm blooded body. it stops and growing very quickly and even di, christmas and progress vertebrates stuff. it's completely harmless. as great when you have a toyota, you said, furnish doors, the pellets are shrunk directly into the nest so that the fungus doesn't impact any insects outside of the affected area. the garden, this content that's kind, we can't guarantee it, that even a few unintended organisms could be effected. ink it, but only it's very small numbers up and see it coming up on your looks like one

visit or asks what happens afterwards to the projectile is launched. in the trees, the i'm from hoping since the minus 5. let's test that out. that's why they dissolve and disappear, that they go ugly and completely melt away. we've already done tests, of course to be able to and i was supposed to do this. the red amunition is made out of gelatine and non plastic arborist and project collaborator, dennis a congress, takes things a step further and wraps the areas around the nations with glue and the getting the i'm told. so normally they go out to find food in the evening. and starting at the tips, eat up the skeletons of the leaves. in the morning, they return to the nestle. so you'd expect to find a line of mazda caterpillars on the glue. but since we can't see that, it means that the fungus work live from like a book. the only real drawback is the red tape. german regulation stipulate that most gardeners 1st need a permit to be able to use the suit up air rifle in public nonsense

with this addition of tomorrow. today dw signs magazine. thanks for watching and see you next time until then say curious, the the

long mediterranean voyage comes to an end. the final destination. morocco for our shows, fellow presenter just far abdul karim. the country of our ancestors both agreed that diversity is the regions true source of well the coming up on d, w. in good shape. the oldest remedies in the

world have a huge advantage. you can easily make them yourself just by 2 properties. the ancient egyptians, or those living in the middle ages, but which elements can these traditional remedies help? in good shape. in 30 minutes, on the w, the, you might see me. how much can we do simultaneously? multitasking these, the modern methods. because if we do too much at $130.00 all wrong, we mess things up, risking brain damage. so let's stop this self sabotage,

humans and multitasking. watching our new to v w documentary. sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow or bring an environmental conservation to life with learning facts like global ideas, we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can make a difference knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for the it shouldn't be this warm here. it's like summer conditions in the middle of april. hard not to feel that something really is happening here. what is happening to grievance ice cream is trying to reset his wants to find out exactly how

to think about ice. you have to listen and will reveal its secrets. thoughts? january 12 on dw, the . this is dw news, and these are our top stories to is there any prime minister benjamin netanyahu as, as his nation's war, against thomas, will go on for many more months, despite international calls for a ceasefire? this comes as riley forces pushed deeper into guys, a striking refugee camps and central pos all the territory. that's no said pausing the war now would mean a victory for how much after it's october 7, tara attacks on israel.