know what slice on fire or you think you'll kid is 2 different, risky, irresponsible, unreasonable stuff. i want my son to become a doctor, to in the canal. it's time to to and then when generations to nash, january 14th on d, w. the if you will, from the city, you might not know that those rooms improve the quality and structure of soil. and they also play a decisive role in el paso with climate change. because they're responsible for storing huge amounts of c o 2 in the ground. but 1st, let's focus on our memory. we start associated with the reports about remembering, followed by another about just guessing will come to tomorrow today,

the science program on dw, the . can you still remember your 1st cuz you fast date the 1st time you spend a lot done. so get simple move and like those get story you don't have to. so the memory, it's one of the various forms of memory that imagine different stages of life. so different functions our 1st, the memory traces are formed in utero. the sound of its mother's voice is a fetus, is initial introduction to its mother tongue mind. this is right now. it's very quiet. next, probably sleeping, very relaxed every other week. right now it's very quiet, probably sleeping we develop inability to remember in infancy,

babies can memorize the faces of their closest family members. although at 6 months they only remember what they've experienced in the last 24 hours. by the age of 9 months, babies are storing memories for several weeks and by 20 months, for a full year. the at 1st learning to walk is challenging. what's called procedural memory plays a vital role here. this is a type of implicit memory that age, the performance of particular tasks supported by the body, sense of balance and sensory data. it controls actions that we do automatically into old age. by the age of 2 or 3, we've developed an explicit memory, enabling the conscious recollection of events. our earliest childhood memories, usually deep back to this time. the development of linguistic skills into memory

are closely linked. language makes it easier to remember information. the nice to have lies in d. h 2 is guess i lisp so sexy out between the ages of 3 and 5 children. begin to plan ahead with the help us that perspective memory. it allows them to remember to do something at a particular time, the basis for planned future oriented behavior. the semantic memory develops when children start school, hoping them to remember fact i submitted. is there a pap hallucination fonts and come to that phones on the call to the point of learning goes hand in hand with a marked improvement in long term memory of our teenage years and early

adulthood occupies a special place in our memory. the intensity and novelty of our 1st sexual experiences. for example. in short, these memories stay with us forever. memories have formed between the ages of 15 and 25 that account for what's known as the reminiscence bump. nursing mothers often suffer from temporary memory loss for a long time. it was thought that there, but que your hormonal balance was responsible to the scientists attribute another cause to the memory loss. the mother's sleep deprivation. the episodic memory allows us to go on a journey into the past. it's where very special personal experiences are stored. but starting at the age of 50, that capacity begins did window,

and we start forgetting more often. clinic stream old age. episodic memory can be badly damaged, but somehow memories from childhood and adolescence still remain intact. the in contrast to the short term memories of old people, which often aren't retained at all the develop routines to give a range of break habits, determine 50 percent of all the data decisions means effectively going on ultra pilot, freedom of time to make other more decisions it's just as well, we don't have to walk out a new plan every morning for what to wear house and brush teeth or tile shoelaces. that's why we teen habits come in handy. they enable us to drink

a cup of tea or coffee while reading the paper with so a custom to these activities from requisitions that the store in our subconscious and happened automatically. these unnoticed habits, a hard wired into our brain in a kind of energy conserving default. but we also have routines that govern perhaps less productive aspects of our lives. that's the of to dinna mode. it's a couch grabbing the tv remote and some candy. and of the couch routine is also embedded in all subconscious, it can be a tough habit to kick the jill tons can remember practically every single she's ever experience. she is one of the, just a few dozen people worldwide, who's been diagnosed with height. this on easy name is the dates and they will recall the memories of that day and visit details. for all the personal pros and

cons, the individuals involved could be a blessed thing for science as developing medication in the fight against our time is dementia. forgetting isn't about our brain failing for scientists like on to be as pop past with 0, palace remembering and forgetting our 2 sides of the same coin. much is known about the mechanisms of remembering, but he wants to better understand the process for getting the best to here is to help. brain is designed to forget things kind of believe it or not, it's forgetting actually uses energy. i'm taking some from that fact alone, we can tell the process forgetting and cuz it's very important these to go put says our brain can process the huge amount of input that it receives every 2nd to that

every day. it perceives everything but doesn't save it all. it completely forget many things automatic when we're out and about. our brain absorbs impressions of everything. people, treaties, pounds, street, cars, everything. the if these impressions are retained as memories. nerve cells that take part in the memory process have to be connected by this synopsis. but not all impressions, images and memories remain. the majority of st options are blocked by a certain protein. then they can't bind anymore. this results in these impressions not being saved. we don't retain memories from the majority of these impressions which balances out the state of remembering and forgetting. so here's

puzzled. she wrote this once to find out whether a newly discovered gene found in people with hyper, if i mystic syndrome acts like a switch that regulates or inhibits. we're getting these guys with a doctor's to have unlimited helps him in the process. it's smaller than a centimeter long and an optimal research subject for the scientist. it's a model organism. the intent to introduce the gene to the name of the road that prevents memories from being forgotten. if they're successful, they can test how it works. their forms have to kind of form has no brain, but it has 302 nerve cells. that's enough to allow it to engage in complex behavior excess. his name adults can learn and forget, because we know, for example, somebody that the nerve cells here that these in particular are very important for

learning processes. other nerve cells are important for motor and movement processes. and that's why we use the name until the thing to then do this, and for them, what effect will the gene have on the name? it towed so under yep. yep. whenever we're not, we can adjust the plasma tvs. the scientists inject the worms with the human gene that prevents forgetting the gene was discovered. and people with hyper site must have syndrome. the gene transfer should produce worms that can't forget. the fluorescent material indicates the name of drugs. we've been injected with the gene. the, now the question is whether or not these worms can forget these are straight to

service. this is a very important step because we can now research this one is this gets nervous system and what characteristics they have after they've been injected with the gene . that's how we get to know how these human genes work. give you this message again from the scientists hypothesis is that the gene that hinders forgetting, sends out proteins that become active in the sent absence of the brain. that's where the normal process of automatically forgetting is blocked. that has the consequence that all of the impressions and memories don't disappear but are permanently saved in the brain. the, the researchers work with 2 groups of worms, the so called and treated wild types, and the glowing ones that have been injected with genes their behavior should show if and how the human gene in x the process of for getting gain isn't done through

the genes are there to produce protein, jesus and this machine is obviously producing a protein that leads to forgetting to forget. so now we can inhibit this protein, put it in him. and we can do that with various methods including discovering substances that bind to it and inhibited vendor. so hopefully we'll also be able to inhibit forgetting here hoffman and help us for guessing him in the discovery could bring researchers closer to caring alzheimer's dementia and other diseases. the ones that are in that goal is kind of inside our discovery can contribute to treating alzheimer's disease. how do you get to them? and it's most often, hopefully we've now discovered a mechanism that's related to forgetfulness that the one that leads us to forgetting useful because now that we know that, and if we can identify substances that influence this gene. so we'll forget less

untruthful investigator advantage. i guess a huge step for scientists and researchers now on to the humble us when it's much larger than the tiny nematode in the last report. but it's just as blind in depth. the biggest populations of us when we live in europe, the northeastern united states, new zealand, children in those places. then early on that the terrestrial invertebrates are extremely beneficial. they keep soil air rates it and, and show that it has a healthy librium which in ton benefits the climate to what impact does increasing drugs of when are forest, especially on their ability to store carbon. it's a question that researchers in switzerland i've been investigating for almost 2 decades. the irrigate parts of a forest, and compare them with dryer sections. to their surprise,

significant differences became apparent after just a few years. there was a new the so here is really black lock which means it contains a lot of carbon vehicle into so it, so now let's look at the soil on the dry surface is a how is it? yeah, and the soil is far lighter in color c. i think that means it stores less carbon, then the gear again and so it will go in. so i think it moves up and floats of the importance of forest soils and soaking up c o. 2 had been underestimated until relatively recently. this research, as highlighted, the impact of drugs and the ability of souls to store carbon for them as we were talking to them before the experiment. we didn't expect to be able to measure any changes in carbon content because it usually takes centuries to linear for the carbon reservoir to change significantly. yeah. here we have 50 percent more carbon in the top soil in the year. a gated area when stuff in the researches have learned

that cycles store up to 5 times as much carbon as the vegetation above drained. the big question is what leads to such a significant carbon increase in the grow and over such a short time period? the series that organisms in the soil conduct the deputy or liquor layer on top to soil, carbon fuel, ecologist, and kind of the one uses trucks containing foods to identify those organisms the health. so that's the main de composers are earth forms besides them. there are also would life and might say, because i know i know they play a far smaller role in the process than earthworms. so we can go the research here wants to determine how many air forms are active in the soil here. for this experiment, the applies to mixture of mustard water to a small section of ground. if this is tied in for clear once the mixture has

filtered down into the soil, the mustered water irritates the earth worms and forces them to creep up to the surface where we can pick them up. couldn't be done from the old population, hopefully isn't, isn't guns clear? we have a very small, newly hatched worm. excuse me. a baby and baby will come to a total of 50 swarms per square meter when projected to cover all forest cycles. that's an enormous bio mass. so the s williams must be quantity. the carbon content has increased so much. and the irritated section of the forest. the geosciences repeats the test and the parts of the forest that was not terribly gated. how many worms are working? the soil here you all know we waited ages without seeing a single word of he discovered that s williams are no longer active with the water content of below 20 percent. to determine the exact carbon balance. he measures c o 2 emissions from the soil. the mass on the measuring the c o 2

balance shows the dry soils bind much less c o 2 and be then here again. and so i ordered the fuel and this is due to less carbon, being distributed by earth. worms in the top soil installs the wish lake and go on to me not valuable in silicon, but does the large scale irrigation of conduct for this forest is not a viable solution. finding how good doing is looking for alternatives. and nature delivers here to a comparison test he conducted showed that 20 times as many earthworms live in the said you as far as, as in conduct for this one's a result that suggests a change. of course, in forestry management, the detailed flies by storing more carbon would require increasing the proportion of hardwoods. so this would stimulate earthworm activity, meaning more carbon is stored in the organic soil air in the long term when soft and almost physically more organic soil or shoes could also increase the proportion

of carbon and soil and agriculture. scientists from the german center for integrative bio diversity and light sake of funds that next new ones are active and intensively farm soils. it's a very different story with organic farming. when you have you got to of, when you break up the aggregates here in the ground, you can see that despite the soil being so dry, there's still a little bit of water, okay. call. and that crumbling texture is characteristic of course warm activities look discard to us. it's just something that martini test, too much is the largest carbon reservoir on land. but there's been precious little research carried out into the role of f forms in this research to get it. i just wants to find out how to convert that plants not to the sugar that contains in the process, storing carbon in the soil. for centuries, he's discovered that in addition to secrete things stable,

carbon as forms improve the carbon balance in the cycle via their skin. we never categorise what's less known 5, what was not known at all is that the mucus secreted by years were indeed stimulates the microbes in this oil to such a degree that they grow and build up bio mass. and i'll be on myself. and this bio mass almost ultimately stabilized into so when the microbes die out of carbon has been bound and this oil and can no longer be emitted as c o 2, resulting in a cooler climate. crude, $50.00 every year to buy 10 times more c o. 2 escapes from soil's into the atmosphere and it's produced by learning fossil fuels, performs in hybrid forest and organic farming, helped to store carbon over the long time. the unlikely little helpers in the fight against climate change to that's a nice specimen. climate change means that species

traditionally at home in the south, a migrating further and further north, the procession very most as native to southern and central europe, but is now also spreading to germany in sweden. the castle to this vault has can cause serious education for human skin responses range from cutting down trees to assessing the nest and the host is on fire. the spraying of pesticides is also wide spread with it is a progressive solution even if it might not conditionally look like it. the dentist, the carriers is pulling out the big guns to get rid of some little pest from a suitable distance. he fires into the nest of the procession, every caterpillars, clinics to an outdoor swimming pool. the idea is to introduce a deadly fungus to the nest via these reg gelatin balls. they were created by scientists from the university of applied sciences engaging in and are being tested

in the field today of causes to meet on the flight from 30 meters away. the funding spreads out about the size of a face. i could do this and that's are bigger than that. so we need one or 2 shots to cover the whole nest for this. like we 1st look at the tips of the leaves and use them. and once we found areas that have been eaten, we track down and asked by following them towards the trunk of the red balls contain bavaria bussey on a fungus that spreads inside the insect and kills them, were not able to run. the professor was gone. who has spent years researching the various methods of combating the pesky oak procession? every caterpillar is favorite, is firing, the deadly fungus directly into the nest. that co, that truly support is on. and it's a naturally occurring animal, pathogenic fungus, which is a fancy way of saying that it kills insects and have your own. we extracted the fungus from the soil, packed it into a ball, and shot it into the nest of the old procession area. within the 8 hours, it killed the caterpillar students into to, to hold them up year in germany,

the oak procession every month. and it has become a real summer plague in recent years. it has few natural enemies. local authorities have been spending tens of thousands of bureaus on combining the caterpillars and even vacuum and come up dice and put the 0 to the nice stuff. the real danger from the old procession every month is that it goes through several different life cycle . some during the 1st 2, they don't yet have any pretzels or set to once they start developing that they're a larval stage dog at that point, they're very small and fine and wouldn't bother and adult human. but as of the 4th stage, they can cause caterpillar dermatitis and what homes get mentioned. in some cases it can lead to an end of electric shock. them a reading of the i would and even long problems with me because the hair is getting stuck there. but the in the lucas, that's another substance being sprayed on trees, contained specialist there in jesus, or b t. it's considered

a bio side because the bacteria disables and kills the procession every month. but it also kills other beneficial insects. was gone, the boy and his team did some tests on how the substance works. the shocking results prompted him to advise against any large scale deployment. it turns out that the bt spray also kills the few remaining natural predators of the month, such as each newman wasps and certain types of bands allotted for successful team. but the problem is that we're killing their enemies at the same time. so in the long run, we may even be strengthening the oak recessionary population to screen off last year as test showed that for every 2 dead oh procession every months, one beneficial insect guide as well the. they included beetles, various bugs, ants and acumen. it was great. so is the rightful method more sustainable with less

collateral damage? experts from various authorities are curious to see the 1st results. this is what the next looks like. after just 8 hours, the caterpillars are completely infested and dead and were assured that the fungus is also did and won't spread outside the nest. that piece is van fungus is heat sensitive. at $25.00 degrees celsius locks, its growth starts slowing down and it stops completely at $28.00 degrees sized. so if it comes into contact with a warm blooded body, it stops and growing very quickly and even dies christmas and progressive vertebrates separate. it's completely harmless, as great ones. yep. it to you, you said, furnish doors. the pellets are shrunk directly into the nest so that the fungus doesn't impact any insects outside of the affected area. the garden, this content that's kind, we can't guarantee it that even

a few unintended organisms could be effected. ink it, but only it's very small numbers up and see it coming up on one side. one visitor asks what happens afterwards to the projectile is launched in the trees. the i'm from hoping since the minus 5. let's test it out. that's why they dissolve and disappear, that they go out, agree and completely melt away. we've already done tests, of course to be able to and i was supposed to get through this. the red munition is made out of gelatine and not plastic arborist and project collaborator, dennis a congress, takes things a step further and wraps the areas around the nations with glue. and otherwise it gives you the um, full. so normally they go out to find food in the evening, and starting at the tips of eat up the skeletons of the lease. in the morning, they returned to the nestle. so you'd expect to find a line of mazda caterpillars on the glue. but since we can't see that, it means that the fungus work live from like a book. the only real drawback is the red tape. german regulation stipulate that

most gardeners 1st need a permit to be able to use the suit up air rifle in public that's what this edition of tomorrow today, dw science magazine. thanks for watching and see you next time until then say curious, the the, the

mystery of the stone giant artworks that still captivate people today the thousands of years ago. the but why? and what did they reveal about the people who make the in

15 minutes on the w. lady townsend's mission is to save trees. yes, luna has found disrespectful names. she moves out with her team was able to attend the mafia strikes. they've almost put a stop to the timber thieves, but now the environmental is, have an even bigger enemy, global us. in 90, it is on d, w. the we are all set and we are watching close all the to bring you the story behind the new your own about on volume information for

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