man stepped into a bold adventure the treasure map for martin clo. describe it as some of us wriggled, begging sites on youtube. and also the fire says, and bacteria can make us sick. so we do everything we can to fight them off. but some lake codes are actually useful. the intestinal bacteria as a pregnant woman isn't just important to have health. what she consumes also directly impacts her baby's immune system. and some viruses are useful to. they can even help extract valuable raw materials from electrical waste. welcome to tomorrow. today dw science program, the

we humans driving more and more animals from the habitats, increasing the risk of exposure to diseases. that's what's happening in the brazilian rang forest near the city of malice were such as back around the hunt that potentially dangerous fire. since the heads up that it could be more stable very. i think it's your vehicle, adam handy of his team hanging tramps and the amazon rain forest there on a mosquito hunt. that's because these mosquitoes could carry a new virus that could trigger them next. pandemic, if so, with the virus hunters find it in time. the 1st ones who could detect it, and these collections require lots of sy severan of the rain far as kind of you

said to be home to the particularly dangerous mosquitoes. admin is team are targeting them and have any falling into the trap. no must keep the virus hunters are not only after mosquitoes. they also want to catch monkeys. the number of viruses and the animal kingdom is astronomical. we'll never find all of them. that's why it's so important to monitor the danger spots where humans and animals collide like in the amazon rain forest. a key to my knowledge, these things in my now and monkeys mount people directly. it was pretty math, a squarespace, so they actually live in the jungle, but they come to farms or native fruits and food instead, people store it as all the dice sending messages. there's a constant exchange, commuting thought as these are most i think, did i fill my now with it's 2200000 inhabitants?

is the capital of the state as own us. the police has a so called hotspots here, and people and wild animals collide. and the risk of a new virus jumping over increases because humans are penetrating deeper and deeper into these viruses. research are much hello, gordo wants to capture monkeys. the animals are increasingly coming into contact with people because they are losing their habitat. they are forced to search for food near humans. marcelo hopes that to colored cameron so will fall into the trap . these kind of a tricky day are highly endangered, living only around my house feed to can transmit diseases to humans, but can also be infected themselves by humans with yellow fever or corona viruses, for example, that way viruses can survive and keep on mutating pretty much as my odd is thing was there's another complicating factor with great, which is that they are often hunted in rural areas sizes,

but i only meant that so the way i see i be doing this habit of hunting wild animals handling the dead animal contact with blood and vis or for example, is also another source of infection and transmission of disease. a 4 digit code size. you use it as soon as you do, and this is not going to change any time soon. many low income families in rural areas rely on eating wild animal meat. and that's how dangerous viruses can jump to humans. marcelo gordo and this team, therefore regularly take blood samples from the animals and detached them for viruses and pathogens. then they released them again. much more difficult to monitor arms. egos, adam henry and his team are on the trail of mosquitoes. mosquitoes primarily transmits so called arbel viruses such as west nile or dang,

gate. these viruses replicate invertebrates and are transmitted by blood sucking insects through bytes. another research station is located in the heart of a 10000 hector relatively intact forest reserve. the question is to mosquitoes deep in the forest carry different viruses than those on the outskirts finding out is difficult. this is the beginning. they were really difficult for us to catch this now and then a lot of work done with them. and so we spend lots of time in the fields. i'm trying to understand where we can kind of somehow they behave. um, and we've suffered a lot with the way so where do they live the really dangerous mosquitoes at the very top of the trees items suspects of a species that are threatening to humans. to prove it, the mosquito research or a set up a 10 meter high research platform in the middle of the forest backs. and it is

mostly, it's a, it's going to be quite dangerous for people because these on things that we normally come into contact with. so they're likely to expose humans to pathogens. the immune system is not used to the mosquito species that's leaving the rain far as kind of like it hot and dry down on the forest floor. live other species that like it shade here in cooler. but when do the dangerous mosquitoes come down from the tree top? to find out adam and his team catch mosquitoes in different places, different types you. so when we see a so far as staged, whether it's the 3 of the fire station to build housing, puts a timber or to create 2 roads we all to the conditions of the might to climate. so as far as the edge which has probably have previously been made so far as kind of

be again becomes houghton dry. and these a conditions said these kind of p dwelling mosquitoes b c. like when they come into contact with these hot and dry conditions, been more likely to, to send to ground level and potentially have contacts, switching surveillance and the jungle may work, but it would be easier to curb brain far as deforestation. after all, dangerous mosquito could be lurking along every new road. our bodies are constantly confronted with new viruses and bacteria. how does our immune system learn to recognize new pathogens? and how can it tell the difference between dangerous and datas and microbes that a harmless or even helpful the immune system. we know it as our defense system, but it has another much bigger job. and that is to keep us and our micro bill

inmates in balance. how exactly the immune system does. this is highly complicated and not yet fully understood. one thing is certain, it must react without over reacting. so it shouldn't just attack enemies. it must also leave friends alone, for example, microbes that help with digestion or produce vital substances or displace pathogens. but how does the immune system know which microbes are the good guys and who the bad guys are? as with every system in the body, the immune system also has controls the fire it up or slow it down. our microbial inmates help with this fine tuning microbes convince a remaining system to let them stay. they suited it, even though it recognizes them as invaders. this is exactly what makes our immune

system top notch. it can react quickly to threats. and at the same time, it slowed down so that it doesn't lash out wildly. as in the case, for example, with allergies, asthma or auto immune diseases. in these diseases, the body attacks harmless substances or eating itself but microbes can also fight all the jews directly. for example, as a kind of rounds keeper that prevents a pathogen from entering the body and causing and infection the site. and typically, there is much to suggest that our immune system exists primarily to keep our organism in balance with all its fellow inhabitants. the defense against pathogens is only a side effect, but an important one. the

mothers begin protecting the babies from viruses is full. that even born what pregnant women each is crucial because the diets influence which might craig's collection the in test times of the new born child. the micro biome is the foundation of a, of the immune system. birth is the 1st contact with the world defect tyria. in the birth canal, the baby directly encounters and absorbs the mother's intestinal bacteria for the 1st time. these bacteria form of 1st protective shields are nice and they even help the baby build its own immune system. then the of the phase when we come into the world of our immune system is not yet fully formed. it has to learn during life to recognize pathogens that is viruses

and bacteria and to fight them off the intestinal micro biome to please. and then the role and this build up process and leads us to be efficient. recognizing and slicing often has a generous, late to own molecular physician. stephanie can research as the influence of got bacteria on the child's immune system as insults guitar. in a high profile study, she was able to prove that it's crucial what mothers eat during their pregnancy. this is because the mother's intestinal bacteria are already influencing the child to be. the researcher was able to show that messenger substances from maternal intestinal bacteria are transferred to the child via the placenta and thus influence the development of the immune system. ready most of the whole state has to be consciously, definitely victim enrich,

balance buried. and think about whether you really need to eat that chill close to that kenzie or whether you can do with balance. it continues before me and maybe things a little more often about what to reach and when, and then what quantities invasion making if nutrition is also crucial for a healthy i mean system in young children. that's why stephanie can wants to conduct another study to see how a child's micro biome develops in the 1st few years of life. unless we did one with us study, we want to find out how the child's micro biome develops also. but especially in the 1st 2 years of life and of particular interest to us is what influence breast mount plays have. and whether that can have a long term impact on the child's health and susceptibility to certain diseases, wisdom to guide and have him kind of the mother is pump some fresh snow. first step

in the garden. uh, a swab on the arm gives information about the bacteria on the skin. put the bacteria in this do are decisive. she takes these from a freshly filled diaper. the feces are particularly interesting for her because here she finds the intestinal bacteria that make up the micro biome the anal pumpkins into the nutrition of the child. and the 1st is of life is particularly important. because we know that nutrition has a great influence on the intestinal floor outside office. we also know that the intestinal flora is formed in the 1st 2 to 3 years when the micro biome can still be control and changed. this can have long term effects on the micro biome composition and the health of the child. and later in life, that's just not possible. maybe even gone from has a little know lucas. for her, it's clear. breastmilk is certainly the best nutrition in the 1st few months, but mothers who can breast feed should also benefit from her research lab supposed

to go home once. i know that for the longest time we hope to understand which bacteria a useful early in life, and whether we could give them to the new ones who own getting breast milk as a probiotic covey altogether. and one i can also imagine that both will feed and will become even more sophisticated unable. no, i was cuz i asked of it. she's at the very beginning of her stuff that she wants to understand the world of bacteria, even better in order to be able to use it for better health. for all children. 139 truly in my kirby all cells including bacteria, viruses, and funky live on and in the upper bodies. the gulf is the main location of the human micro biome. put on micro biome is not as diverse as it could be. why is that? and is it also true of animals? a group of pigs and

a pile of pig done. these 2 women are interested in both the veterinarian here at the ash about a animal. a park is happy about healthy animals. and the molecular biologist is interested in their faces. they've taken almost 400 stool samples from 38 different animals from susan parks to investigate which and how many micro organisms are in them. what about 2 and as of one reason for my motivation is because micro organisms are. so under estimated time, people always talk about germs negatively. what actually 99.999 percent of the micro organisms that surround us are good for us. we live in cindy osis with them. the whole human system wouldn't function without micro organisms on or before, and that's when the combined genetic material of all micro organisms in a particular environment is called the micro biome. to research the micro biome, they looked at primates. carnivores and even toad and on toad on units sketches on

this fun, ruminants are especially interesting because we know they have a very diverse micro biome due to the fact that the just in takes place twice out. it's very effective from the energy yield. it's a bit like a bio gas plant, so the course stuff comes in at the top and then it's broken down one step at a time about in order to be able to digest hay and grass. cows have millions of different bacteria in their room. and in their research lab at keel university, scientists dissolve stool samples until they have the smallest parts of the cells. what remains is the dna. and they've also studied samples from humans, which show that our micro organisms are not very diverse. she can add to god the more diverse the micro organisms in ad on our body, the better the balance of our immune system. and we suspect that reduced microbial

diversity is also associated with the human system. deficiencies which can lead to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, central and 5 stars. for example, crohn's disease or multiple sclerosis. their study also shows that the micro biomes of people from some african countries are much more diverse. this is because they eat differently off and live in large groups and have close contact to their farm. animals, causing a bung says that we too should visit farms more often. but above all, move away from industrial sugar and eat a more plant based diet. just like them fun like bacteria and micro organisms. viruses are not living organisms. they require a host in order to survive. there are also viruses that

infect and replicate only in bacterial cells. these so called bacteria of stages often used for food production, medicine gene technology. and they can even help extract rule materials from electrical waste without the need for toxic chemicals to data. it's been almost impossible to efficiently recycle electrical devices by separating them into more than 50 different substances. one by one. this unlikely environmental thread is making life difficult for recycling companies. even though the energy saving light bulbs used to be a beacon of hope for german energy policy. the light bulbs themselves are full of poison. on the one hand, they contain highly toxic mercury. but there's also a mix of non toxic valuable powders made up of rear earth and other substances.

when mixed together, they produce the white light but separating those valuable substances from mercury and from each other is so complex that energy saving lamps usually don't get recycled at all. that's not moves. a lot of powder is stored separately as hazardous waste on the ground and containing these energy saving lamps contained luxury, which is toxic and we don't want to, it's in our household. this is the bitter reality of recycling the waste. up until now, thanks to 5 books, handbooks, institute for resource technology. they want to show the recycling industry that they're making the impossible possible. the plan on extracting the railroads from energy saving lightbulbs. to do so, they use a surprising tool. the bacteria range m 13 bacterial features

are viruses that don't infect humans, animals more plants, they only effect bacteria. the researchers now hope that these pages and identify and isolate where it says well the bacterial phage and 3rd gene has a special property. it has results made of protein on its surface. the researchers now want to use these bristles as so called bio angles. if the virus is genetically modified, it develops a wide variety of these bio angles, billions of different ones in science. this collection of m 13 variants or mutations, is called of fiji library. each individual variant has its own highly specific quote to fish out the river. it's in the energy saving light bulbs, the for what they call selection in the test tube. the

researchers 1st find out which em 13 variant might be interested in where are they therefore, mix one of the rear. it's to be recycled with a complete and 13 page library. busy vm 13 mutants that happens to have the right surface protein gets stuck onto the rare earth in the test tube experiment. the phage and the rare earth part then separated from the rest of the m. 13 variants in the centrifuge or the rest of the page library is scratch the. the 2nd step determines which m. 13 variant is involved. the corresponding angle brussel for the pure a surface protein, not the virus can then be ordered in large quantities. in step 3, this surface protein is attached to tiny back that's important for later use on a large scale by the recycling industry. in this process,

the feeds proteins binding to microscopic federal magnetic fields. the result, magnetic fields covered with spines of m, 13 bio angles resembling a chest. the green light is the m 13 via windows attached to the bead, ready to pounce on a very specific river. but how did the helm votes researchers come up with such a novel idea? the original idea actually came from the american george pearson smith. in 1985, he recognized the potential of the odd m, 13 pretzels, and made the 1st limitation attempt, so that he could use the personal bio and ghost as evidence of very specific substances. like anti bodies or other proteins. he suggested randomly producing a wide variety of virus mutations. george pearson smith idea triumphed in

laboratories around the world. there were now billions of variance of m, 13, the principles of which had been randomly altered the so called stage library mentioned earlier. smith is over to the $1.00 to 2018 nobel prize in chemistry for his idea. and then we did seen on this stage display is used in medicine engine, pharmacological application that's very rarely one works with metal, with energetic substances, but a gram of lemon. how that contains $190.00 milligrams of rad us, there is no richer results. the red us and these energy saving lamps be spent on. can smith side you work with a rare earth contained in an energy saving light bulb. that questions being put to the test here. this vessel contains a mixture of luminous powder, from energy saving light bulbs, and neon tubes. now the magnetized m. 13 bio angles are simply added and stirred

briefly. then another magnet goes into action, as is also common in the recycling industry on a large scale. when the mixture of bio angles and rear roots has passed through this magnet, the in 13 by a wind goes, which if the experiment has worked, should have combined with the desired rivers by now and be stuck to the magnet. if the magnitude is turned off, the magnetize the pile angles and rear ers should be able to detach from the good can be transferred to a new container. would you kind of, i do that piece by piece for each element and then i'll and separation of everything by type at least in theory. the quick test with the laser shows whether it also works in practice. if the process was successful, the suspension should now glow green instead of white. and

indeed, the round earth is now present in almost your form. if it works with energy saving light bulbs, it should at least in principles apply to other items like cell phones to other things is that hasn't been any research results yet. on the house of successfully separate old 60 elements from a smartphone engine reinstalled them in a new one. that's why we should be interested in making the best thing use of on domestic resources. and that's a waste because a waste contains real treasures that are waiting to be under the pepsi. and so these sweets, the addition of tomorrow today dw science programs. thanks for watching and see you next time the

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