coming to us does you have you as a one does not delete this? a port of this card via included in the on the vehicle dish boxes across the and the and expensive side supplies enjoy the deep sea is dock and freezing cold. still some creatures cool. that's who, how do they supposed on that? and what do we really know about fish? do they to paying for example? and how does biased electric beacon agriculture work without the use of animal specializes? and how do you make sure it's done right? the that's i know coming up on some already today dw science. the d. c begins at 200 meters below sea

level. few species can survive and these mucky, icy voices with the pressure increases with every mesa. at a depth of full 1000 maces, full 100 kilos, the pressure of per square centimeter. this is where manganese no deals. i found the appetite is size, mineral deposits, the cabinet. this event mining them could provide much needed rule materials for the energy transition. but that would have dire consequences for the federal ecosystem. the there are c creatures living 5000 meters deep among these manganese nodules that cover the c bed. many of them have yet to be identified. it's a habitat that's evolved over millions of years, skipped guns, but caesar show specific organisms such as carlos and sponges, mean manganese nodules as a habitat on savannah. in turn, these provide to have attack for marine phonics such as brittle stars in scope of

pods. we could lose them for millions of years on these and familiar on the out of it. this is what the sea bed looks like after it's been harvested. scientists with the g on my home old center for ocean research have examined a former test type used by a belgian mining company. that one little car. um, what does these mining operations are set to be large scale covering several 100 square kilometers a year? so the life forms could be destroyed for many, many generations who get that up to and touch that industry claims. these naturals are needed for the energy transition, aside from manganese, they contain 3 highly sought after metals, cobalt nickel, and copper $3.00 to $5.00 times more than deposits on land. so a benefit allison, let's face it, st. c. mining will not replace long binding. what will happen is that will start destroying the ocean as well as the rest of the environment to teach. the strong

manganese natural deposits in the world's oceans are at risk, including the clarion, clipper tens own a site that many countries are currently buying to mind. the international c been authority has already approved exploration licenses. germany has submitted to claims and we also have a say on how to regulate deep c mining in the area keeps it according to maritime law. deep sea mining is permitted in principle, but only on the condition that serious consequences for the marine environment over ruled out there. why do you search? we've been doing for many years shows very clearly that they can't be ruled out. and that's why germany and other countries, including france, one to stop any mining plans until researches give the green light, even if it takes generations to the german mineral resources agency is just one body that conducted studies showing that the demand for metals will increase many

times over in the coming decades, but some could be recycled or simply replacing them altogether. does that change the parts of trends over at knology has advance to the point that we're developing cobalt pre bumped trees and desktop? was there's no need for deep sea mining to support the energy transition problem to consciously that the deep sea and impact ecosystem for the next environmental disaster. it's up to the international c bet authority to decide on its future the we asked you on social media, do you think deep sea mining coats, more opportunities? oh, more home on facebook, francisco santa maria says, coal mining is bad for the planets. people protest, but at the same time they look ready to do with that we have to make sure that

mining does as little damage as possible. even if that makes it more expensive. a v b 1987 on instagram roads. you have to look more closely at the cost benefit ratio . i assume that not all of the seed and has the same characteristics of the same via diversity also and instagram bones. it is highly dangerous. we're already contaminating the us in an uncontrolled way. deep sea mining and the further extraction of boil must be burned. boats have massive impacts on the time that they should be laws prohibiting then thanks for your inputs, the red. why? what would you like to know about deep sea mining, or do you have any other questions about of science?

send us a video text or voice message if we on. so your question on the show will send you a little surprise as the thank you. come on just dos in the ocean. the d. b, you go, the higher the was a patient method. you can go in hong kong to ask this question. why don't deep sea creatures get crushed by war suppression? 2 sides of the us is covered in most of the oceans, all on average, 4000 meters deep. anything deeper than 200 meters is considered deep sea. and the 19 century researches began to talk the depth of the oceans. one of the pioneers of deep sea research was edward folds, according to his theory, life couldn't survive and was his deeper than 500 meters. today we know that the

deep sea is home to a variety of marine life. new species are discovered every yeah. were such as estimate that there are still thousands new species yet to be discovered. even though deep sea conditions seemed pretty inhospitable, the water temperature is always cold. there is no light, and the pressure is immense. the d for you go the great to the water pressure. only very specific animals can but stand it some deep sea jelly fish live in most is as deep as 6000 meters at 10000 meters deep as one ton of pressure per square centimeter. and yet, sea creatures don't get crushed. most deep sea creatures don't have a swim. bladder or other hollow guns on like creatures that live in china was, is best when blood is would be crushed at that depth. the deep

sea creatures also have hired in the pressure. they would never survive close to the surface. another check out the sleeve. try and metal the main oxide o t m a. for short. this molecule stabilizes the proteins within the cells so that they don't lose the shape on the high pressure. the higher the concentration of t m a ok. the deep, the creature can go. the human body could never survive such pressure. but with diving bells, humans have gone all the way down to 10000 feet of the world record for the deepest dive without a protective caps. fuel was just 333 meters and it took the dive of 15 hours to equalize the pressure on his ascent. juice, fish have feelings that a blink and they don't cry. whatever happens,

they don't change they facial expressions. that's one reason that no one thinks about. there will be neither hobby anglers nor so i can say fishbock. but now there's new data about the ability of fish to feel stress and pain on us could have far reaching consequences cold as a fish. we own those say no one worries very much about their feelings, including body to flakes tours in angling, instructor domestic fish have to be a specific size before it's legal to catch them. this little perch was the lucky failure. doesn't think that the pain of a hook and their lip is too terrible of the

coma. i always say when i'm teaching, you have to think of it like getting your living here from your own board and seeing it certainly hurts deficient. maybe for a short time. and for example, for life, my thoughts on the visas, but i imagine it just feels a bit strange anymore. still, it's nothing that affects it in the long term since you have some useful information on how it is by and tasty. most people assume that fish either feel little or no pain. what does the research say of the marine biologist, whom with zig now has long been interested in the question as to whether fish, fuel pains we meet up with him in the natural history museum about a month when you talk about pain, you have to distinguish between 2 factors and is the i and one is the purely sensory perception. and the other is the psychological perception who it hurts and it's unpleasant and fish can feel sensory pain,

that the questionnaires can. they also feel it psychologically on him there was one study by james rose that concluded they don't know based on the reasoning that in humans processing pain and processing. emotional pain takes place primarily in the cerebrum. i'll buy things not exclusively, but mainly in the survey. bramble face do not have a cerebrum. so the argument is simple. no brain, no pain was no brain, no pains, and sation pain kind. but since then, in the last 20 to 30 years, there's been a lot of evidence from research that suggests that's a big to someplace stick it must to, i'm talking to an experiment that's considered a milestone in research on the neuro behavioral nature of fishes scientists look into whether fish would pay as a, wherever pain relief, z profession normally prefer to move around in aquariums with plants and the sandy bottom piece, offer them protection and food in an experiment,

one group was injected in the lip with a c, the gas it, which hurts and the control group with iso tonic sailing solution. both are harmless for the fish. they have the choice of staying in the battery or the hospitable side of the aquarium. at 1st as expected, they all stay in the hospitable car. however, when a pain killer was dissolved on the other side, the fish injected with a see the gas, it preferred to swim there. this shows on the one hand that fish react to pain killers and on the other, and that they're willing to pay a price for release, sacrifice of protection and food options. the many earlier skeptics now accept that fish can have a psychological experience of pain. the debate has revolved around the definition of consciousness in fish compared to humans. and if fish do feel pain, what can we do about it?

and she should, if fish don't feel pain, we can treat them very differently according to the animal welfare laws concerning reading, capture, and experimentation. then if their pain sensitiveness, so it has direct consequences. do you think the consequences in germany, like many other european countries, animal welfare is in fry and in the law? no 1 may cause pain, suffering or harm to animals. the reasonable exceptions might be made for strictly controlled research or slaughtering animals to eat them. this was philosopher, a mattress village is critical of this approach to sufficiency. she is supposed to, the main thing is that we try to protect animals from stress fear and pain flats and trying to be animal protection act looking. so from an ethical perspective,

i think that's very important. the animal protection act in switzerland and to germany regulates the economic use of animals, the some of the, the ups office and testing for see special protection for. and most of it just regulates how we're allowed to use them via p, if a not some dual. but in the global fish industry, fish welfare is not an issue. squeezed together for hours, farmed fish are pulled up to the surface of park you quickly, which makes their swim bladder as rupture on deck. they suffocate in agony. the pictures come from green peace. they don't appear to have been stunned before being killed as required by animal welfare loss. in many countries, switched marine biologist rosella to used to work in research. now she works for the n g o fair fish, which campaigns for better standards in fisheries and aquaculture. and i think most people aren't even aware of what the fish, the ends up on my plate has been 3 and they buy and sell it to fish,

fish. and that's a nice the whole source that goes with it through the too much. no one knows the fonts like what kind of fishing his square lift, how it died, and how it was cold by different name on. most wildcard fish comes from fishing fleets owned by industrial nations. they buy fishing licenses from small african countries, for example. and then difficulty all the local fish stocks. the local fishermen don't see a cent of the prophets. what should be done to fight injustice and fish suffering the saving status? i would like to see the fishing and industrial fishing as its practice today cease to exist at one point. anything should i be mean if it's a brutal slow to of trillions of fish country to any animal? well, fellows, here's what he said. that's well, thomas, option austin from it's not just the launch mass, these are individual fish living creatures smith and they deserve back to you having the fish fish have feelings just like other animals. this is

a fact that consumers and the fishing industry need to grasp the as fish stops window. the fish industry is costing its nets ever wider. the bowls oceans are in poor condition. listening pollution and climate change a leading to algae growth, which rubs to most of mice and oxygen. marine life is increasingly vulnerable. in this thing is that connected to the open ocean by only a narrow straight all particularly effected on the baltic sea, then looking for a solution these german politicians are visiting the baltic sea thanks to a special camera. they can tell that it's not in good condition and dizziness.

we've seen that the sea grass meadows are well developed on the surface, which is important for climate protection. but as soon as you get into deeper waters with the sea grass just, it appears that that's due to the presence of nutrients which blocks sunlight. and that's a big problems put in these nutrients. so that because of all the fuss, eliza washed into the sea by rivers. it also results in areas with low oxygen levels known as dead zones. where requested life console vive. it's not the basic fees. and the problem is the fishing and pollution from plastics and world war 2, munitions, of putting a strain on the ecosystem to which this is the will, it's important that we give nature room to recover. so species can we generate and multiply that mean, the zones that are not being used? not even for fishing, so that nature can develop freely who do not. why i'm just fight and fight, come

a special representative. so the oceans, sebastien almost supports the idea of creating a both exceed national conk. local fishermen, however, are skeptical. notes on store prohibited zone where boats aren't allowed. what will be allowed as well, so shouldn't be allowed. don't have enough protected areas already moving, so it's gonna be due from, well, there are $25.00 of them on the baltic coast to installation. we coach time. we're fishing is already restricted. that's why you're saying, yes, no culture has doubts. the worried the tourists might stay wave too much of the beach is out of bounds. so now the baltic sea national park is just one proposal to improve the states of the baltic sea. but one way or another, something needs to be done. the conventional foaming crops sprayed using fertilizer to arrive from intensive

livestock farming, which is not good for the animals. the soil. oh, the excitement. what, what a more sign that frenzy types of agriculture look like. we find out from the farmer in southern germany who uses exclusively plans based fertilizes. it is applicable to one day organic farmer. claimant's phones got the shock of his life. he had switched over to organic fruit farming 20 years ago. he was quite successful and happy until one day he received a fertilizer delivery that really shocked him. i think the 2nd okay. when i opened up the sack, there was half a cows headed in there explained of stones us. i was surprised that a cows head was in there because i had actually ordered horn shavings evolve, asking me to give you the smell was revolting. so one shaving is in the bag. smoke

like burnt, car tires, and then the whole thing that same year i bought chicken peak, says fertilizer things like they were supposed to be from organic chickens in italy . but they were actually from caged industrial chickens and hungry. even sure. who knows? neighbor gives and design of that was the experience that made me realize that i don't want any of that on my farms, leave me study. so west college, i'm not going to support anything that gives me a bad feeling. will be out and kind of going to skip through. animal fertilizers, made of industrial meat scraps are cheap and deficient. avoiding them completely would be a big financial risk. steel claimants holding funds, 18 hector's of organic apple trees near lake constance in southern germany. the fertilizer provider to ship me something different and he said it wouldn't be a problem and that it would cost more attention, get it for me, since he wants me to pay for his services. so he said, i'll get you something else, but you are the only one who isn't happy. that i said, okay,

then i'm the only one. the advantage animal fertilizers have over plan based ones, is that they contain more nitrogen and other nutrients that includes fertilizers, made of horn shavings and cow hoops. however, a big disadvantage is that they came from conventional animal farming, according to agricultural scientists and sabine, etc, cuz he, that's a big problem. ecological meat farming isn't wide spread enough, and that's why organic farmers depend on fertilizer. meat from 5 products of the conventional media industry was one lots to know that using animal waste products from industrial sloth to house is one that raises a whole slew of questions about with the thoughts really comic foaming. so just being that's why the organic farming industry is starting to use new satellites, us to break the cycling through them, but to, to look that way. they will not be so dependent on fact, alliances that come from conventional sources to them and, and also requirements. and in the opinions to find new fertilizers like clover

brass, peas and algae have different amounts of nitrogen and nutrients. so who in time researchers are investigating how well they work in a long term project over several years? and they want to determine how plant based fertilizers perform compared to animal based fertilizers. that also includes liquids that come from plants. and that's the most important time. what we found is that there was something 5 to life is like venice, which is a liquid fertilizer released nitrogen rapidly. you have on the other fast slices that release nitrogen gradually. so the timing is not as easy so i can still use them. can you just have to adjust the font to ice ation stress? j. do is to gain entry, placing it on tests, claimant's homes decided for a different path. he doesn't use animal fertilizers anymore. by reviving old techniques, he's discovered new possibilities of the escape sign to the hit. you know,

there are plant based fertilizers, but they aren't very popular because they're so expensive. a couple of which i don't, i and i use potato skins, brown algae, and us, which is an important fertilizer that is commonly used and organic fertilizer, including with us in fetus. so how many to the novelty, there are lots of nutrients inside what it's all plan based on 3 cos we side of the i'd say. and finally i so clover for the newer plantations, so that the nitrogen gets bundle and they have enough nutrients at the beginning to organ. at 1st, the claimant's own felt like he was fighting an uphill battle. he didn't realize then that more and more farmers are also doing without animal fertilizers. their method is known as bio sick, like deacon agriculture, which includes composts to fertilize re shows up unit c to the video recordings that we're taking on claimants. one's fine with. she's convinced that his trees are getting enough nutrients from the bios to click begin. fertilizer and using fluffy

compost is also a key part of the new strategy of fish to this in shop. this is from a scientific point of compost as a soil and homicide to you outlook on a laptop, which is good for soil composition of dots. who does people get tools to increase the soil? start much for a lot of 20 hours. when you add nutrients, that's more of a long time satellite ation procedure on, but you also get the positive effects of these other soil qualities on the board. and i can shop the scientists have discovered that plant based fertilizer also works well on tomatoes and pickles. there's a lot of potential for doing away with the animal fertilizers on fruit and vegetable farms. the many of the claimant's ones colleagues are now interested in purely planned face fertilizers. so you 2 are no longer convinced that the animal fertilizers that still dominate the market are all that eco friendly banassi. so they're following hooton's lead phone to be what so

you mostly use is that sick? liquid fertilizer. that's a bit like molasses. all the i fi pulled up to 40 sceptics. it's very sick and takes a bit of getting used to, but it works. he'll stick arbutus from bio sick. vague and agriculture is more expensive and more complicated to use. but claimants hunt takes it all in stride. it has to be ok for me, that's very important when the plants are doing well and i feel good about using it, then i'm happy because i'm taking care of the soil and even improving it for future generations. the same as honda stopped using fertilizers that come from industrial farming research and this experience have shown firsthand that this approach can be both eco friendly and economically successful. that's it for this week's edition of to laura today, d w science program,

join us getting next week for more exciting stories from the world of science and tech. until then by the

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make up your own mind dw, may 4 mines the this is dw news and these are our top stories in taiwan, the ruling party candidate, lodging tay has won the presidential election, giving his party d p. p. an unprecedented 3rd term logic over just 40 percent of the vote ahead of his nearest rival. in the opposition k n t. china claims taiwan as its territory and in the run up to the election called lie a dangerous set purchased the us has carried out the 2nd day of military strikes on who's the rebel targets in yemen. us officials safe and you target supposed.