the doctor. so in the clouds it, it's time to, to us. and then when generates in this class, this week on the w, the living room, single, blue screen facades, how to the heat down, the exploited workforce race and brazil's coffee conversations. the sense of trouble brewing how climate change is impacting the cultivation of all things, but comp, the coffee, the world 2nd most consumed beverage and still ingrained in our lives that it's made it into pop culture. i'm i guess a coffee also. there's

a lot of stuff before i go to sleep. i can dream fast. i always get a copy. what i want to read are, you know that this is, excuse me, a damn fine. couple of con, put your morning cap at, you know, might not be guaranteed. climate change is threatening coffee, production, drought rising temperatures, and your regular rainfall are ruining coffee, harvest some studies say the amount of suitable land for coffee production could shrink by half by 2050 without investment in base 6 farms. a productivity? yeah, we're in trouble for mr. brussel has the movie airplane board and are you telling us absolutely everything. not exactly. we're also called the brazil vietnam and colombia are the top 3 producers of rock coffee being biggest importers, the us, germany, and france. today, people drink over 2000000000 cups of coffee worldwide every day. consumption has almost doubled over the past 3 decades alone. south east asia is expected to have

nearly doubled the global growth rate as western noticing tastes and a rising middle class increase demand. and let's not forget china, starbucks plans to open a coffee shop every 9 hours so it can reach 9000 locations across the country by 2025. which means we need to be growing a lot more coffee. but climate and stability is already taking a huge toll on production. in 2021, a severe frost and brazil's coffee region of amino shed eyes wiped out vast waves of coffee trees. coffee price is search nearly 13 percent re generation of the crops and ecosystem will take years, meaning the losses will continue, such as irregular temperatures also make the plants more vulnerable to pest and disease. for the last 15 years, a rust epidemic coffee refreshed arrived in, in strong force across the central and south america. this is dr. vern long. she's ceo will read coffee research, a research non profit funded by the industry in central america alone,

1700000 people last work during that period. so there are human consequences to the challenges. part of the problem is the coffee plants are finicky. they go through a delicate flowering phase and it takes 4 years for a single coffee tree to get a 1st harvest. another problem is that out of $120.00, so species of coffee, we only drink 2 of them are rebecca and robust. or rather because the higher end stuff that has all those several flavor notes we love but is a plant that needs the temperature between roughly $18.21 degree celsius, around 30 percent shade cover, and plenty of consistent rainfall. it's more sensitive to high heat disease and produces fewer beans over 60 percent of global production as a rob. it's sibling robust as a more resilient plant, but tastes not as great and ends up mostly and stuff like instant coffee. and that's it. we're almost entirely reliant on just to varietals. coffee also has a small gene pool and at least 60 percent of wild coffee species are at risk of

extinction. this makes our current supply extremely vulnerable. copy research is so behind relative to what other commodities, as we can do so much with traditional technologies, just taking pollen from one place, putting it on another, creating a speed of something new, collecting data at a global scale, and it's not rocket science. it's very straightforward. what needs to happen? thankfully there's some good news stuff that i knew knew by this coming up and in that of some type. it's the 3rd spread by like seats? no, they have to adhere to garcia as an, as no botanist who's worked in central america vietnam and you gone to 30. so if you turn in that kind of say, i have to because it's perhaps more accessible to farmers and that you see up to did. the starbucks recently announced it had develop 6 new varieties of coffee seats, including hybrids that resist leave for us, then generate higher yield in a short period of time. this is big news,

considering the chain by is about 3 percent of all the world's coffee from 400000 farmers across 30 countries. a few researchers are also trying to fish species out of the wild configure. a center for low, for instance, is making a splash. it's a rare and threatened species from west africa tolerates much warmer temperatures and actually taste comparable to rebecca. while the variety that has commercial potential bringing wild species into production can only exist on a new scale. and will take decades. the bigger problem is that at least 80 percent of the world's coffee is produced, a small holder farmers. they generally work on a few heck, there's of land and don't have the resources to buy hybrid c blankets, which are roughly 40 down 160 percent more expensive than a traditional variety. that's what he so it's the same for them. but they've rustic fights. 5 main system and not only having both fees but also threes or other kinds of groups, you know, that will help a safety net given how hard it is to adapt in our current conditions. the future of coffee could look more different than we think. as in your coffee could start coming from some unexpected places. experts say that countries like china and

australia have ramped up coffee being production and recent years and could become bigger players in the future. but for now or a coffee, addictions aren't going anywhere anytime soon. and the industry strategy to keep its pipeline is technology technology, technology. we are really focused on the technology, you know, needs, i would say in the next 5 to 10 years, we'll see a flush of new varieties. this will require work from scientists, governments, and everyone in the supply chain, but is consumers the best we can do is pay attention to sourcing the company. supply chain often lacks transparency, is it's bad for business. so what we can do is work with smaller suppliers who get more information on the origins and production conditions of their costs. you paid the same must've been here just minutes ago. my side of compass goes from one row of coffee bushes to the next,

where the women who work here double fuzzy and they were just here. we want to find them and talk to them to understand the situation. we were accompanying inspectors from the ministry of labor, the public prosecutor's office, on federal police to coffee plantations in the brazilian state of minnes rice. they want to track down day labor is believed to be working on the slave like conditions . the inspect does have discovered to women hiding in the bushes they've been working on, paid for over a month without any protective clothing, food, water, or access to a toilet the workers of afraid of the officials. but it's their employee is that the authorities, i'm looking to punish them both by just saying, just over a 100 years ago, workers here were slaves, objects, commodities, you buy, you get to the country with the history of 300 years of slavery. as

a patriarchal culture, now that neither values nor respects workers, right. so it was your day to visit about on board is the team is investigating anonymous reports, things referral to most other campus needs to keep a level head level but yeah, i just got a police here. we were comfortable by the federal police involved because what we're doing can cause a lot of problems for the plantation owners. and in some cases, they might react violently. all those guys get it has heat up 1st loans. the next target looks like a sole male. but there's a coffee plantation in the teams suit and find what they're looking for. this mine is working with that protective clothing on file from any money. his debts amounting that he think by that means i have to pay for any tools i use. there's no way out, i have to work to pay the debts that just pile up and they make slaves out of us. i

work and pay to do so. i don't earn any money to buy food for homes and gets bad. i click on show out doesn't have a contract. i that he works 12 hours without to break. he says the men sleep here on the flimsy, makeshift beds there are no closets for the few possessions. no privacy. the owner of the firm is not on site, only the foreman. he now has one week to respond. he has to let the men go and you have to pay the maximum rate for the work they've done. the foreman defends himself . the men wanted what they go said a mocking building by lights, galle, i don't see any slave labor. do you suppose this thing? why don't you go to their house and see what it looks like you like as a must have come post says that's a typical response. brazil is the knology is coffee exposure in the world. and

coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world. few people us themselves, if it's harvested, in fact, conditions in humane working conditions and not only found on coffee plantations. last march inspectors fried 85 work is from a farm and southern brazil. they were hired by a sub contractor producing seeds for jim and company b, i ss, one of them is 15 year old. eduardo satari. oh, he was seriously injured on the job and had to wait for help for hours. he says it was his mother who took him to a hospital. one of his toes has no power lines and all this, so hopefully we should have had proper shoot. i see a place to eat protection from the sun. coming out. in 40 degree temperatures, workers could only rest on the background, some of fainting from alaska volta. those who will of sick receive no pay didn't

waste. when we heard that the staff was behind the seed production, we were shocked because a company of this size should take an interest in the workers employed by sub contractors. one of the sales going to be a assess, condemned most the human rights violations, but says that had been no evidence of them. it also says there was no direct contractual relationship with the wilkins and says it's sub contract to sign agreements obliging them to his spec. human rights in the supply chains, yvonne entirely paid out $1670000.00 euros in compensation to the workers. and for social projects, unimed tends to increase monitoring in the future. however, for us as a company, it writes working with more than 90000 direct suppliers and it corresponding the knowledge number of indirect suppliers in complex supply chains. complete, permanent monitoring is unfortunately not feasible. 5 con coffee

plantations in minnesota, rice, the team of investigates, has faces numerous obstacles. and it's what farm is, are often elected by cell phone in advance. they know, inspect, is it coming? the owner says there are no workers here. we don't believe him, and we'll take a look since our shops. the instincts we're right work is i've just been picking coffee cherries in queen quantavia park where the water is still cold. the workers were just here, damn kentucky. you know. i'll see you. i hope. well, suddenly we see someone the man stopped reluctantly, claiming he was just out for a walk. but then 2 more work is discovered. no, not a digital, i'm sorry. do you think we have somebody else? does she know the mine over the?

does he work with that? yes, she says he was here this morning. so not so much. there's no food, no toilet, no protective clothing. must a tempest shows us a poisonous snake that the work has just killed coffee. bush is called the workers . i'm more afraid of i'm doing the boss than snakes like going on the maya. if i had complained about working conditions in a court of law, i, i'd never work on farmed here again. my name would be tarnished. it would be as though i was a thief or worse model, be your name. the team is satisfied with the days with the mentality. if the plantation owners has to change, they say penalizing them is the only solution the climate change is a global issue. and one that will only be solved if we all work together.

nonetheless, when it comes to costume pollutants showing this is a key focus. it's responsible for around a set of global c o 2 emissions. and despite clutching to be climate neutral by 2016, still investing in co. how does it adopt solar panels as far as the i can see here and the does it in the northern positive animal and go to china is building one of the world's largest solar power plants, orange. and you request is accepted, which doesn't happen often in this country. we even get a special tool with various representatives from the local government. as an official shows us what's already being completed and what is still to come on to

the different all the are, we will have completed construction of 8 gigawatts of capacity by the end of 2025. bringing the total to 912, which is the area is expected to increase find fold in the next 2 years. around 28 percent of electricity generation and china comes from solar, wind, and hydro power. the country is aiming to be climate neutral by 2060, so it's all the most surprising that's currently increased investment in coals capacities, a being expanded and new coal fired power plants being approved. a few hours drive from the new solar font. we were at one of the largest open coal mines in asia. production is reaching record highs. tons of does he, coal, all turn spotted around the region in these red trucks. here in china is biggest coal producing provence. a new mine is being developed. underground mining is being

digitized with less personnel and improved occupational safety. that's what this minus tells us. he doesn't want to be recognized for safety reasons. he's been working in mine since he was 15. i stay because i have no choice so far, i don't have any better options that applies to most of us. there are a few alternatives around here. apart from coal mining, the only industry is agriculture. now the coal mining is ramping up. the local economy is doing well. stores have opened up. residents tell us, restaurants are also benefiting high c o. i didn't call you my business is doing. wow. now there are coal mines operating here. there's more business. there's a lot of people passing through to hire people. many of the people who work in the

mine um from the area they come from other places ready to go off in its heyday coal mining made in among earlier prosper us in order for example, the city government commission, the development of a lavish centre, a number of years ago, with the population and 1400000000. china is hungry. the energy coal lives in extra kimberly, linked to its decades of economic growth. but china has been reducing coal production today. coal still accounts that's 63 percent of electricity generation. but now is this map compiled by an energy research institute shows new projects, upland all over the country, even in places where that is already lots of coal production. my june is probably

china's best known environmental impact. although coal power can support the integration of renewable energy into the power makes, he advises restraints with all the new projects and backs innovation and renewables . whether already and the course there are other ways to try to help them better integrate knows that into our power grades. one of that my basically energy storage and the other is, is about to all these different regional power grades. we can better coordinate those in the last 2 years, state media has reported energy shortages in some parts of the country. the fact that this is a consequence of man made climate change is usually a node. hydro power plants have been hauled, hit by drought for china, energy security and independence, all the top priorities and it sees coal is the least complicated option. susan,

by protecting energy security is always our most important task. me. we will, strength and fossil fuels of security and backup on the cold will play and the central role caution. true. but the all structural challenges the regional electricity grades and not sufficiently into connected many parts of the country. now one coal to ensure energy security. and there's the lack of storage capacity for renewable energy's. my dream is worried about excessive coal capacities. now there we have to find our innovative ways to try to deal with this problem problem. otherwise, you know, the now just carpet you mention, we'll go out, our local emissions will go out and will have an impact on the, on the air quality which matters to the public health. so this minor coal is both a cost and a blessing. it creates jobs, but it also has its risks. me because i had a few accidents in the mines,

i no longer want it to work in the industry. then i tried to start my own business, but it didn't work out. during all tour, if the mega sola puck we learned, the energy generation here has so far remains and in among go to. yeah. so the transmission possibilities i'll be explode. clearly there are still major challenges ahead. if china is to make good on its commitment to a clean of future, the all cities are becoming as a hotel and the left of the rest bikes to make life unbearable. if we keep pumping c o 2 into the atmosphere at the current rate, up in temperatures good lies by up to $4.00 degrees celsius. 2100.

air conditioning units. are you big cortes and singapore? to help cope with the hot and humid climate. but these appliances are part of the problem because they contribute to rising temperatures. luigi them yolanda studies architecture and sustainable design. with the help of a thermal imaging camera, she's identified a vicious circle as well. a small key to the increase the higher back. so it's not what further exacerbates the situation in single port is the rapid growth that's underway. there are more and more residents and more and more concrete. in recent years, temperatures and singapore have risen twice as fast as in the rest of the world. that a set good on has lived here for years,

but dealing with the heat every day is challenging. even for him. you can see right. when you saw me even a walking in and i'm still little me for sliding here. it's actually 10111011 o'clock in the morning is over cost and the humidity is picking up. data stick around is an architect and botanist, affectionately known as the plan, which is weapon against climate change is as simple as it is, affective vertical green spaces on the walls of buildings. you can feel when i'm standing here just close be by right. i can feel these heat reduce significantly because the plan's up us by respirator aspiring and photo synthesizing when the plausible to synthesize that release oxygen. and the actually basically picking away my compound off site for 4th of synthesis. so when you have got that biochemistry going around in the city, you'll realize that c, o 2 level drops, the immediate heat actually drops. and that makes

a big difference. 30 different plans species are growing on this wall of sophisticated irrigation system provides the necessary nutrients. workers trim the greenery twice a month in the long term. it even has financial advantages. yeah, air conditioning costs inside it's actually cheaper and lower. so that's costs your saving as well. so spending a few dollars to spend the few a few dollars to save a few $1000.00 is actually a very good business. new e juniors on the shows. i sent another building that illustrates what a difference green and we can make. this facade is partly covered in plants. the other surfaces, steel and concrete are completely exposed to the sun. the difference in temperature is a whopping 5 degrees celsius. but singapore can to combat rising temperatures with greenery alone. it's also promoting sustainable buildings and allowing more spaces in between them. the new university, for example, has solar cells on its roof,

hoping ensure net 0 emissions. professor vater set good on teaches here the shows us how a simple ceiling fan is enough to keep students cool. of the it's all very open plants allowing a gentle breeze throughout the premises. the building is actually quite similar if you're going to forest this, i'm treat some buildings to a very tall, some trees every, it's all in different layers as well. so trying to bring back far as i could picture, the city escapes is very important to try and involve designs of the future as well . so nature base solutions of pot in fossil of that and they look spectacular to this hotel and the center of singapore has won awards. it leaves and reads with flourishing green terraces and gardens single pour subsidizes sustainable architecture and is pursuing and vicious long term goals.

1000000 new trees are to be planted by 2030, and the plan is to have so many parks that no one will have to walk more than 10 minutes to be surrounded by nature. this project is called cooling singapore. the researchers have programmed a digital twin of the city. this allows them to simulate. cold temperatures can be lowered with individual projects. a thermal image showing to these daily temperatures and single port is shown on the left. on the right, what it would look like if all buildings were energy efficient and sustainable, the whole city would be $1.00 to $2.00 degrees cooler. single power sees itself as a driving force for southeast asia in the fight against rising temperatures. and is investing billions on like other developing countries. however, the wealthy city states can afford to do so.

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this is the news of life from where i live in the united states strikes more, who's the military targets inside government. washington says it also intercepted a shipment of iranian weapons, binds preem in the latest u. s. strikes come after, who is the officials claim yet another missile attack corner of cargo ships in the red sea. meanwhile, civilians are killed as iran fire, as marseilles into northern iraq. tehran says it's targeting and is rarely spied based back that recalls it's um, faster the .