the more people than ever on the move, the world line in such an advisor, my kind of one great timing is very hard to say, very difficult to find out about how many store info migrants so either thing and do the same way you expect. and one different thing is from life than your parents. i just want to pursue was that's my thought desired or you think your kid is 2 different, risky, irresponsible, reasonable stopping port is nonsense. i want my son to become a doctor. joe, in the clubs. it's time to, to vehicle your generation with a sleep us, i'm them. when generation as class this week on the dw

says kind of fun, it feels like therapy, the imagine being comp you want to look with no school. you want to be used to put on allowed to see the doctor when you fall in love, they will you don't have to for you. they'll be you know, when you're done, there's no every 10. select 10000000 people in the world. the state may have no nationality and totally made

and everyone has the right everyone has the right to say the of the russia home to the world's biggest natural gas reserves. the gas is needed, especially in europe and to the end of the cold war. ushered in an era of conflicting energy dependencies and concerns in the west. you're giving the soviet union the heart currency and they're using that to build up their military. and this is going to come back to haunt. meanwhile, the 1980s, march, the beginning of one man's extraordinary career. as a case officer, you have to be able to manipulate people because it has no such a single stomach. you should be good. gas is one of his 2 main tools for coersion,

for leverage for inflow. soviet traditions continue golf oil and gas dependencies as a political weapon was par for the course, and the warsaw pact company, one of the world's most powerful men, history teacher, equally wielded, which probably has most effective weapons. with the help of gas problem, vladimir putin has implemented policies designed to strike fear into the wider world. the whole purpose of north stream was to be able to pressure eyes centrally, me see, or north. so one was a project aimed at allowing the russians to play hardball against us. the video mol peninsula in western siberia. the regents indigenous people maintain 1000

year old traditions on the tundra here. the name that's are reindeer herders, and michael sarah window is their leader. he's responsible for this group of about 40 minutes. they're on the move every day. it's going pretty well. now. it's much more difficult in ottoman the name that's migrate to keep their animals fed. their root has become increasingly difficult in recent years. the ones on touch nature of the amount peninsula is no more. the issue, the hardest crossing is still ahead of us, move on and cover. to me, it's a long stretch where the wide river and concrete road getting the most concrete roads by search the tundra to provide access to one of russia's largest natural gas deposits. the both on and cobo,

gas field operated by gas problem. the biggest extraction company in the world. the business of blue gold has been about politics, money, and above all, power. for decades. people are explorers in the energy industry. you're always looking for a giant if you're looking for a large field, which has low unit cost, which will provide you with supply over 30 years, they are very few giants left in the world that we know about. one country has benefited disproportionately for germany, the russian hydrocarbon bass. the gas base is in new orleans. so for large supply, low unit cost, you can do better on a sure economic basis, then more cheap supply from russian

you're going home, correct? let b a s f, the world's largest chemical company for 8 years. gotcha. to be, i guess, maybe 3 things for be a ss restrict firstly, and most importantly gets a raw material. includes chemistry begins with a carbon atom people. secondly, we need a lot of title, and thirdly, we also need the electricity to run our plants. we need the actual gas bill to be as f, b a s as a gas strategy has always focused on one thing. that's simple risk minimization. that means access to oil and gas it, which is why we wanted to source up to 50 percent of our carbon needs ourselves. as in the last bill, that was the driving force behind everything. we did total with this while at the play golf. but unimaginative, you must top b s f, e and and gas prom signed a contract for the construction of a pipeline through the baltic sea. just before the 2005 german parliamentary elections use inside towson. and today, we joined the joint venture to develop

a new catholic field on western siberia in 2003, and then how long? because then we said ok, let's bring the cheap gas to central europe as well to ones. and the idea of what's to connect germany via this pipeline to our gas field side, unzipping hands, ease north stream warranty you'll be tied to on this up. lots 3 minds. chancellor. gerhard schroeder had been a key ally of be assessed for years. yep. thoughts and i have to represent german interest as one, especially when it comes to energy security for the german economy. adults and such as former nato analyst, richard anderson outlined in 2006 how natural gas could threaten europe. security it's pretty typical for military analysts to look at energy and how it can often be a source of conflict. rushes energy dominance is an area of concern is that data

analysts have certainly been looking as for the past several decades. natural gas gets used for producing electricity gets used for heating. it's the basic element that gets used to make plastics to make fertilizers. it's the life blood of a lot of industrial economies. so this is an old soviet union map here in the center. you can see some major natural gas and oil fields that were developed during soviet times. in the case of russia, i think it's been pretty clear, especially of late. the energy often can be the printers for to a war, centered by president kennedy, the west, germany's chief of state. in 1963, the kennedy administration tried to prevent the construction of the durish pop pipeline from the soviet union to eastern europe. minus one was providing the pipes and other equipment, the us government occasion ministration,

told them to stop doing it, which they did. west german chancellor, billy bryant then ushered in the countries knew us pull the tech thong relations detente, and trade contracts were signed for the construction of gas pipelines. the work began in 1970 on the pipeline that would finally connect siberia with germany . because i was i or a chance minister of the soviet gas industry, celebrates a deal worth 5000000000 together with these german partners up and get gas from. the soviet union arrives at the transfer of station for the 1st time, and so get on your other gets stop, right, go for launch fits up to minutes of the economy minister deeply exciting the soviet . yes it is. got hey, well, the gas launch, as the result of the normalization of relations for the russians, the deal was basically about hard currency that they needed because their economy

was faltering and they needed the money from the west to keep the whole show going . how much schmidt brown successor also turned to siberia and gas a 2nd pipeline to europe was built based on this presume during chancellor schmidt's visit to moscow. german company signed a 3rd such contract valid until the year 2000 and get the schmidt deflected us president jimmy carter with the words trading partners don't shoot at each other. in fact, president carter wrote, apparently, in his notes that he was really tired of the us providing the stick and europeans competing to provide the carrots to incentivize the soviet behaviors that us washington was looking at the saying that you're giving under the soviet union, the heart currency and they're using that to build up their military. and this is going to come back to haunt us, the special damage. i know that was even an argument best in fun. you're making yourselves dependent on the soviet superpower,

our ideological opponents of things. how can you, as nato members do such at their up to as, because it is the last month the, the worries in the american side where about dependence, that russia would use energy as a political weapon. and that it would put euro in germany in a position where it couldn't stand up to the soviet union. and so this was all seen as part of the overall soviet strategy to weaken the west and to break up nato. the situation in poland then reached a boiling point. the government imposed martial law in 1981, despite protests by the solely dano shed trade union. and new us president ronald reagan reacted with sanctions to disrupt russia's natural gas trade. the united states is taking immediate action to suspend the major elements of our economic relationships with the polish got, and we're proposing to our allies, the further restriction of high technology exports to pull the new soviet pipeline

to germany was built anyway. the sanctions are she were not very effective and also divided the west. margaret satcher said that we're losing jobs because we're not able to supply equipment for that pipeline. the us business was unhappy about this. the us was also selling components and the us argument for us, if we did consol these things, then you know, our competitors in europe will sell the equipment. so in the end they did show the sanctions as no secret that i realized didn't agree with this action. i am pleased to announce that the industrialized democracies reached substantial agreement on a plan of action. they did work out a compromise in, in the 1980s which put a limit on the amount of soviet gas that went to europe and also ensure that there would be norwegian gas coming to europe. so that there was some diversified ation.

washington tried to convince germany to stop relying on russian gas, but most continued to come from siberia diploma. as a young diplomat, i was in the washington embassy and the a basset, or was really proud that he'd successfully argued against the americans pipeline embargo. natalie con. we were all inspired by the idea that what we were doing was part of the policy of improving relations. it made sense to everybody, but no. i really don't remember anyone at the time saying this is heading in the wrong direction much after this getting fat charged. but us intelligence services weren't happy. c, i, a chief william casey developed a top secret plan with president reagan's blessing the vienna, the supply capital of the world. this rather to shit

embargo, i was your typical black market dealer. it's in the whole school, especially mainframe computers, measuring instruments for nuclear physics. i think the said really delicate things, that the less developed states couldn't make themselves since then taking co shop kelly, i training with the east german state security, which was where i was recruited. and then of course, after a break, i worked in the soviet union, some policy published in the soviet, on your list, c, i a watched me for over a year. and yeah, until one day, when the time was right and the stock is too, they decided to intervene to tell them to they said i had a choice, i could stay till at least 20 years in prison. or i work for that being this older 2 up at this tunes, the c i a supply the black market specialist with expensive high tech goods who sailed to the soviet union was banned in the soviet to move on to the soviet union

reacted as expected. there's a glitch, some g r u people suddenly appeared in the hotel, seemed to say, hey, i'm 2 gentlemen politely asked me to answer a few questions. and with this and fixed that turned into a 6 hour interrogation because the tech equipment had clearly been tampered with on it for gift as well. oh man, everything was actually compromised and i found out then that the 1st big computerized sold a huge thing, made up of cabinetry. they've had caught fire so so these are getting in there i've so far you all get funded reagan and his he, i mean we had their site set on the siberian pipelines in the website because you think i'm convinced that a broad variety of technology was being delivered to the product to there's a famous case of a gas pipelines that was damaged by a contaminated unit brought in from the west to at least the software running one

of the largest gas pipelines and the soviet union went haywire in june 1982 just as to see a plant, the result was a huge explosion, and the hunch was then on for the sabbath choice, they've got kind of, there's no question if they caught me, i'd be dead. it was that simple. i was very, very happy. i survived. the surviving was the greatest, try them for my life sleeves. i survived, a russian engineer was arrested on the moscow street in 1985, a c i a spy. he was leader executed in the pipeline soon repaired. business as usual. vladimir putin was at the time being trained as a k g b agent. he was sent to east germany in 1985. somebody ask him,

what did you do and dressed. and he said, you know, he was a k g b case officer, and he said i was working with people of documents who didn't became a regular t g b presence and dressed. and he regularly showed up at meetings of the east german security service besides the stalls. the agents often photographed putting the as a case officer. you have to be able to manipulate people. you have to understand people's weaknesses, as well as the strengths and add to that the fact that he does it, judo champions, you're trying sense even if your opponent is physically stronger than you, one of the other weaknesses, how can you distract them? so i think if you put those 2 things together, um he probably has been quite good and manipulating people, making them feel but the very important i'm and appealing to their own vanity. starcy officer mathias. bonnie was also active and dressed and he previously spied

in the west. i had a close colleague in the lin at the time. i was in moscow and he have access to the stalls, the files and discovered the bone. it had indeed been with this policy. we were interviewing people who knew both of them and they were able to place them in dressed and in the late eighty's and said that they were working together. what we were able to ascertain was that the k g b was actually trying to recruit styles. the agents in dressed in a stuffy id became part of clinton's disguise. and by 1989, he was looking beyond the preservation of communism. it was very, very important for establishing that business career as of a lot of different people. and also i probably allowing the kids to be to preserve the lot of its network key and that styles the chief areas smith got just a year earlier put in represented a powerful state that was keeping east germany afloat with its cheap oil and gas.

natural gas wants a very closely related to quality of life to worse to the probation off, you know, services allowing schools to function on hospitals for functions. and i have to use the word glue you could describe that the chief energy that the soviet union was providing to its eastern european satellites, basically as a subsidy to keep their economies going to keep them tight and associated with it. so they, russia was then using oil and gas as a disciplinary measure within the warsaw pact. when ever there was conflict. i'm thinking of the uprisings in hungry and 68, and check us with lucky on one. often the young executive fish and mattress hired moscow, sent tanks to check us a gotcha, and supplied less oil and gas. one gas using oil and gas dependencies as a political weapon, was par for the course. and the warsaw pact,

all they would offer very favorable oil and gas contractors. and in return they of course, expected loyalty to us. so be of interest as of today asking about some of the addition that testing of the absences excluding these dependencies in foreign and security policy has a long precedent for the shots. but it takes a task of a, as in the lesson. i'm for the off how to in 1989 east germany was on the brink of collapse. but the soviet union continued to demand high prices for oil and gas, which the country could barely pay. it's a deeper into crisis associates with getting all this money from europeans, and they would see what the real price of energy in europe was. and i saw, well, our economies, i'm doing great why we're giving away our energy to these people. agents

like find them. you're put in and mathias minus tend to adapt. the system they worked under was ending vonny landed on his feet, moments after the berlin wall crumbling is passed. so many thing how for example, how quickly vondik was hired by a judge in the band. i mean, they identified them very, very early on, someone who would be extremely useful for the building up their business in eastern europe. and in russia. former agent vladimir putin, repositioned himself as the statue of the key jeebies founder was torn down in moscow. suits and is described done very well in interviews. how he came back from dressed and he didn't know what to do. and he was was moonlighting as a taxi driver on the streets of saint petersburg. finding that ended up in the man's office in some petersburg. we may have some check must have checked with

a reformer. he was also correct. so you had a period, they were put numbers in charge of fine economic contacts. and that's, i think when he became begun to make money, violence followed the collapse of the soviet union. the 1990s was a terrible time. it was just people trying to survive. well, the key thing was protection. what the russians called cri show, which is rings, and sometimes grief can be someone in the criminal organization. sometimes it's a someone in the government in the ninety's often that person was the same person. former styles, the agent varnish, established context and st. petersburg for jazz in their bunk, both in local government and a new company gas problem. they needed someone in the st. petersburg government who could look off to them and open doors for them. that was why the sort of teaching vondik connection was so interesting because essentially putin was phonics

collection. he was his roof fruits and became more and more influential over the years, proceeding dignitaries and growing his network. meanwhile the remnants of the soviet union were being bartered away, claims were being state the was the sort of time of no he. ready bought wild capitalism, it was a wild east, essentially. russian natural resources was passed to a small coterie of oligarch so sort of extremely rich individuals in highly dubious privatization portions was a really, really rough ride for the western investors. but potential rewards with just so vast that they just kept the homes in the game. while the russian people scoured and d supermarkets for food and lives for freezing winters. international investors were

bringing up cheap russian companies, especially those in raw materials. one object of speculation was the former gas ministry renamed task prom, and 1989 and a corporation since 1992 guest room was the most undervalued company in russia. at the time. the reason that it was so inexpensive was that everybody assumed every last cubic meter of gas was being stolen. out of the company, a lot of assets were being siphoned off and given to friends and relatives of a senior management. this did not deter german companies. one of the biggest shareholders of gas from outside to skip the government of russia was rude. yes. the german company had already sold siberia natural gas in germany during the soviet era. but other investors criticized the conditions that gas problem

every year we would run a candidate for the board of gas problem, which was one of our people whose highlight the corruption they set on the board. didn't of course vote for our candidate and didn't say a word. they wanted a gas to flow, and they were absolutely unwilling to say a word about criminality. broke ass dominated the european market thanks to siberia and gas. this did not sit well with the staff, its largest customer nonsense windows 90 will be a s f was essentially blackmailed in 1993 by road kathy sort through price. and if that were so high, we saw our lewd vix hoffman complex at risk. if you have the we decided we needed an alternative team, we set up a joint venture with gas problem and they failed the necessary infrastructure in germany. formed the fuel mode when to get in touch with to in touch on talk to about this upcoming cause. we build a large network alongside the existing one, im including a large storage facility, the biggest in germany. this one is easy, it was a big deal. this is, it was ultimately co financed by gas problem meant for united seo. the german

government under how much coal favorites such projects, partly because they pumped up the leader, russian president boris yeltsin di didn't pop the idea of a partnership with a russian that had made german reunification and possible. was that the heart of the german foreign policy go to the left, right, or centered scrapes when the mid to end for large stretches of the 1996? there was nothing wrong with that fights. the other objective was not to leave russia behind as a sort of failing state, and you didn't want to nuclear power sort of going off on its own in some other world holes for gabe, the depths of yelton's russia and the natural gas float gluten noticed 2 tin drew the conclusion very early on that russia's greatness was based

on its extraordinary oil and gas wells and box needed to be deployed strategically. in order to enhance rushes, greathouse status, who didn't have gas and nonsense, even putting low deductible faces in the 1997 on energy dependencies and how they could be instrumental lives in foreign policy. from the very beginning, from he had developed a strong personal interest in the issue. and because i myself had talks with german intelligence officials could also read it. we talked about what it actually meant and being deemed, as he also could be as if german intelligence knew. well, that's a challenge. so there's office deed to vince to be in the for the domestic political trends were relatively clearer and more state control of the energy industry manage directly by the kremlin component and they give up chops to accommodate the fact of him coming to light the truck such policy has its roots thousands of kilometers away at the bulls on in cocoa gas field in western siberia

. an invaluable resource ranger heard her and michael sarah widow has led his heard through the tundra for 25 years like generations of name that's before him. but since the development of the gas field gas pumps infrastructure has made life difficult for these indigenous people, micros heard is moving to the car. see in the north? that's how it's always been. but the closer they get to the gas field, the more pensive these tundra nomads become, the entry will look at the roads. that's a dead end to. they also build a rail road that will you don't want to be soon. we won't have any landlord. and what happens if they close this crossing to go to the group? we won't be able to get to the other side of what we will have to spend the summer

somewhere here. but it gets to what we've already had about 3 years in a row. that snow cover was to think good to put it up. look, i'm will not. the reindeer were so weakened, but half of them died. the didn't slow we started. so even when the machine and the extract lots of gas gas, well, i need to sell it abroad for big money. yes. and what about the, you know, i'm for the, the fee to the name that's has always been a side issue for gas problem. while a single man in 2000 reached a level of power, no one expected vladimir putin became president of russia in the 1st year of the new millennium, did already served as prime minister and director of the secret service, the speed. he had connections throughout the state of virginia,

but he did you instead of figure it out. there were major things they thought and had to do. one was to solidify the power that the russian government had over these industries and it wasn't just in, in natural gas and oil. it was across the board put and went out of his way to put his cronies into these companies. newton also took power economically. company by company position by position. then you really sold the rise of facility, keep the strong man, the guys from the security services who then began to occupy key positions in pieces administration. who didn't also set his sights on gas pump at the time. still a massive and unmanageable company at the annual general meeting who stepped into the fray, and he fired rem, bianca rab, who was the ceo gas from who's doing all the stealing along with his 6 or 7 compatriots. and he replaced him with the new guy whose job it was not to do any

stealing. his name is lexie miller, the he was a guy that teaching news from st. petersburg. i remember what science is. somebody in cask from in a little bit irritated threes. this guy, what's you know about anything? good. the people that could run gas pump people for some pages, but in the office was none of these are the only people that 13 trusts go to lexie . miller was not the true gas problem boss. of course not. he couldn't decide alone because he could decide for gas problem and we've got but it's still have to be voted on. it's not. and that's why certain deals took longer to we're talking about a state own company's pocket gas problem, followed pollutants orders and bought a critical television station, mtv and brought it into line move with data. but we're asking everyone who both mtv journalists and all those who insides them to stop putting up hurdles. and you've got critical journalists where dismissed protests ignored

my pretty good. yeah. i just wonder how our people could elect a president like that. it's horrible with that. the with the i'd be gas chrome still owns its own glitzy broadcasters, 20 years later, a dominant force in russian media. the a dedicated line leads from the station boss directly to the kremlin and put in for gas problem also controls private radio stations like echo of moscow station i'm the winds, letting me approaching came to power in 2000. she wanted to get control of independent media is ivy. some of you started with television of course on much was but also one of our shareholders with the majority stakes. i knew that the museums

key had his chair seized. well, i mean, or does it take out a loan from guys? prompted them or not. so that's why i always say that my miller isn't our shareholder pushing is guy's problem. isn't our shareholder the presidential administrations so that's what president or the station was banned from operating and march 2022. just over 20 years earlier, vladimir putin had shown a very different face on a visit to berlin. many german politicians that saw him as a symbol of hope. quite the music for the day, we must declare firmly and defended to play the cold war is over the subject of the problems. aside beneath everything beats the strong living part of russia, which is open to full fledged cooperation and partnership. and thank you, the,

the, the, when it, when i saw the response to that speech back then, i thought it was a bit not you'd help. people were so uncritical of a man who had been in the cajun p for years of off the immune, kindly be bob put in one the unconditional support of german chancellor. gerhard schroeder, jesus, i'm giving you this a close it opportunity for democratization. didn't really exist, but that didn't change the fact that russia was the 2nd most powerful nuclear power on early to then, and now a full month, whether you like it or not. when you have to live with russia faded or my attitude at the time was that we had to try to somehow integrate them on an international level. and so, but you didn't need to have any illusions about letting me a put into the character back in russia. hooting was having the 1st offices and

houses of the only got searched. a new power struggle was emerging. it was very humiliating for putting in all the k g b guys them to watch a bunch of no, but these in their minds, people who aren't part of the system become so spectacularly wealthy. all these k g b guys were basically, you know, paid $50000.00 a year by these all like arcs to do and arrest no enemies and to a truck drum up to date criminal cases against business competitors. and so had been diminished to paid service for the owners who in summons the oligarchs in 2003, questioning them on live tv. one was singled out that frustration not fits, and this came through very, very strongly in the campaign. again, it's called a coffee, that was where it really crystalized. because you soul, you know, the sort of the strong man in the kremlin and in the government. really target someone who's sedan symbolized this. all the got clos,

someone who had come from virtually no way to a mass staggering wealth and to take over one of the biggest oil companies in the country. they show a credit, kosky was then head of the oil company. you close the market. number 2 behind gas problem, krakowski was regarded as a proved and critic with suspicions of state corruption. hooton's reaction was to have critical ski arrested. yukos was accused of tax evasion. the you could see in, in the kind of the campaign to destroy, called the cops gate, there was real. there was a sort of vengeance that, for all the humiliations that they had suffered with the collapse of the study union. krakowski was publicly tried. we were at the time

following this process extremely closely, because it was really the 1st big attack by pretends kremlin on private business. he was sentenced in may of 2005 to 9 years in a piano camp. yukos was seized and auctioned off for less than its value. hooton's associates took over the oil company and next preparation and all, but name the and i with the expropriation. you have to ask how did certain people get their hands on these resources in the 1st place? you could say they might have had something that didn't belong to them. at all. could newman's office put across the was taken to a siberian prison. camp in rushes. far east near the border with china. criticism from abroad fell on deaf ears. the german chancellor gerhard schroeder picked aside these are the fun monday dumb these reforms. ladies and gentlemen have put russia

on a path of stable economic growth if they think good things, there's not the slightest reason to engage in debates, which would shake that confidence based on this or that event as these us. but on a should that investment tend to the german energy companies. one difficult negotiations with russia in 2004 over access to a gas reserves just as put in was desperate to build a pipeline to germany. the so western technology and partnerships are very important in terms of bringing russia to the point where it, once again became really an energy super power. brewton needed technical help from germany. russia's pipeline network was in disrepair. they'd have discovered enormous fields in places like western siberia, but they couldn't develop them because they didn't have the capital. the german chemical company b a, a sense did them bind. so we'd already converted the

1st power plant from oil to natural gas and 1997. because the kyoto protocol point is very clearly towards c o 2 reduction. why is it sure and killed to japan, the international community reached its 1st binding agreement to limit greenhouse gas emissions. we adopt these things is so the side will discuss a gas has an advantage with gas, you can run a combined heat and power plant. in other words, you can exploit the resource much, much better compared to pure oil or coal burning wood. putin was directly involved in negotiations between russia and b, a, a sense each side needed the other ending district, but he was always very well prepared for meetings. so i'm going to talks without preparing, but i never saw that was put in place. how we should be put in need of the so many

western executives who dealt with putting felt that we're dealing not only with the president of russia, but the ceo of russian energy because of his knowledge is detailed knowledge and interest and focus on energy. so he's, i mean, he's an enter the guy as well as a political guy i've actually met, which in 16 times, what impressed me it most of those gatherings with his knowledge of all the statistics, he doesn't have to turn to any of his assistants. awesome. so he really loves images. this guy knows about energy in a way that lead as much countries have from that, why do he was more the seo gas problem than he was? president putin was driven by one thing above all will do literally is to reach an agreement with the parents club and especially with our german partners on an early repayment and part of this debt to the paris club. i'm guessing it just if it was a good place to bob, unenforced, the german government present that negotiations with gas problem and to moscow,

i don't know like the representatives of the german government were not there. it was really negotiated between gas problem and b, a s f and other partners. you know, it also took quite a long time and how do you offer a lot to you for them? you could do it, but mathias varnish, the x dot, the agent working for dressing or bunk was always present. these went from a g, u people to end on the german side, inform us policy. and that seemed very strange and very suspicious. it confirmed us in a negative uh, instinct about this thing. andre coogel. yes, boss of ukraine's oil and gas company, new gas from better than anyone. i was born use a song. and i clearly understood is that the company that important can never be just as simple company. this is bottled state. i was member of the litigation from dr. guess, is that the land to moscow? to negotiate?

so i knew gas transit is the person who was hosting else was engulfed from middle manager who after having couple of shots of what he viewed himself as a former special agent all fine. so you get the balance of service when i was kind of talking to myself, i'm great. you have to be very careful. most people around here, z, i'm not the business people. zahn little guess. people is these people were thoughts and developed to spite and dispute later if you talk to both level the russian officials because of very, very little value is there is no such a thing is from a kid you'd be getting the the british news magazine, the economist wrote in 2005 that had to means at his disposal to restore russia's

former influence, nuclear weapons and gaps. i think those still are the 2 major levers that tutoring has keys quite shrewd and he did realize the gas is one of his 2 main tools for coersion for leverage for influence. then nato analyst richard anderson wrote realistically, without serious concerted efforts on the part of the states. russia will have the upper hand and this relationship quite simply, demand will remain constant almost without regard to price. given the choice of a cold, dark home for pay exorbitant prices, europeans will do the latter. the construction began unable to exceed pipeline at the end of 2005, the project was eventually christened nordstrom.

does and event like that is always done for show, but it was still important stuff today we're beginning of the north european gas pipeline project to helps with not north stream. one is a big deal. no question about it. kind of, i don't regret it one bit either. i don't have a problem with it at all. the dispute was the right thing to do. it was right for b s f, and it was right for europe. we should reserve gas from western side of area for europe when every possible this of the bins, the market. alexi miller introduced garrett hard shooter as a new head of nord streams, shareholder committee on a cold day in december. just 17 days after he left germany's chancellor. a 1st cuz he definitely did you know he would do it? no, i didn't. i talked with a 100 of americans directly. i'm eligible for now on the girls. her shoulder had

taken the job. i told her that was an intention. what did you say now that she didn't make any other comment? they told her to be always of the police. and the america became chancellor in 2005, the appointment of her predecessor by a russian controlled company, raised eyebrows. when he took that job, i mean, there was considerable, i think, surprise in the united states because and in other countries, because it really was very unseemly for a chancellor who had negotiated the deal. then when he's defeated in an election to immediately take a job and profit very handsomely from from it. so i think that, but it certainly, uh, it was received very negatively in the united states. and, you know, a lot of suspicion about the sentiment in germany. but similar it's not the least. of course it was something i would have preferred to have resulted differently the but the more political situation is, the more conflicts arise. and i didn't want that

i don't think it's right to have a leadership role with gas problem. then when it's does the majors chairman of the board? yeah, i swear to god in germany's own interest or god should or has taken over the supervision of a project that's in our own interest is in terms of energy towards lenses. shrewder did not become a gas comm lobbyist on his own. his nomination was approved. i was like to see him . it should be someone who can represent here at peen, economic interest as well, but also has a rational approach towards the majority shareholder at the time. sure. to embody both those elements for the governments in even the new chancellor, who in public was cooler towards putting did not distance herself from shooters new job. a bank of america,

i think angela america actively supported and endorsed. i don't remember america ever speaking out against it now quite the opposite. as far as i remember, she frequently made use of the channels that went through care. i'd sure to a hard piece to move. i think it also provides a sense of, you know, these important people are important in country. so it must be something important that they are doing on behalf of russia. so it does work to both neutralize any concerns that citizens would have. and it also seems that they're collecting this very procedures crowd to do their business. so again, it is not just mr. chicago who has fallen trap and to this, although he's become such a, a poster child for exactly what this looks like. for that said he was, there was no opposition from germany's conservatives on this issue. and that is why not because the entire german economy and especially the energy industry, wanted to see what i'm looking at. so there were many supporters, not just schroeder,

social democrats. it's about feeling when it comes to because i can't recall any significant voice recently. he's saying it was a bad idea. that's good news. indeed, in the future, at least in ukraine, would clearly realize that last one, forms of his thoughts was a projects aimed at allow when you're russians to play hardball. again, this is what was your odd and ukraine, one of your ups, most important concepts and put his mind. these pipelines were not something that ukraine had built. it was something that the soviet union had built into trove, russia crazy that ukraine control these pipelines, which was the way that it's gas move to the west. russia tried at one point to take control of the guns transit system going through ukraine. the ukraine resisted it, and when that fell apart they, they basically decided that the only solution to this situation was to go round to

crane. i mean, it was a very clear concerted strategy. rational from russia's point of view to build pipelines that reduced its dependence. and ultimately eliminate its dependence on ukraine, which russia really regard it at least putting the people around putting big did not regard as a legitimate state. the gas pipelines run either through poland or ukraine. a huge network is evolved since 1970. the pipeline is not just one pipeline, to give the, they have the capacity to transport more gas than rochelle producers for the european markets. the new pipeline appears to have been designed to take you, crane and poland out of the picture as transit countries while still guaranteeing germany's gas supply. the whole purpose of north stream was to be able to pressure eyes centrally. miss new york. there isn't a single ukrainian who is not a russian ally who thinks that north stream was anything other than

a catastrophic and very suddenly veiled attempt to buy capt. bypass to create 2 weeks after construction began on north stream. and that's doable. may have sought this conflict from the very beginning. their policy has always been to illicitly divert gas, or to put it more simply to steal it from european consumers are watching the physical records. i hear my limit gas supplies to ukraine. the flow of gas to ukraine and europe stock with 2006 cool was very, very important. as a starting point. the consequence of a relatively schultz katzoff of russian gas were much greater than anyone expected . we never thought this could happen. look, it's not an emergency you meeting was convenient. we should discuss what has happened during those 24 hours that happened for the 1st time in over 40 years of

constant and reliable, fresh and gas supply. by turning off the gas, putin was continuing a soviet tradition in 1991, even former soviet president. gorbachev. hilde is a reformer, had used gas as a weapon against states moving to leave the soviet union. the market at the time, the former soviet ambassador to germany violent jean finding, develop the finding dr. and off on it named 7 instruments. russia could use to enforce its foreign policy in the future, and the most important instrument was the expectation of energy dependencies. the shopping in the early 1990 is when there was a whole issue of how to divide the blacks the fleet. located in premier, you had this very heap of discussions about what is going to happen with the sleet . how is it going to be defined as russia threatened ukraine with a gas boycott? is. ready if this camp is put in place,

then we'll certainly be forced to curtail power generation. you have this perfect situation for that kind of pressure to be accepted there. they certainly were using energy as a weapon, then different parts of the ukraine's natural gas. that's beside the russia where cancelled in exchange for different percentages of that blacks the fleet, even the russian mission accomplished in some countries, 1006 publication by a swedish college larson looks back at the 19 ninety's saying in more than 50 cases, russia had exploded. these exact kinds of energy dependencies for foreign policy purposes, effectively politically black veiling other states. ok, there's put additional prescott, that's what menu deos have a list. they can simply do not want to accept harsh reality that facing you wave afresh or off input. the thing you were being union ends the rest

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this is dw news lie from berlin, the us and u. k. launch a 2nd night of retaliatory attacks against iranian link, militias, washington and london. say his size belonging to the who's the rebels in yemen as follows: us air strives, any rack and syria. also coming up in the us, the democrats kick off their contests to choose their presidential nominees. president fives. when's it predicted landslide? in south carolina, the 1st primary in his campaign, but his lo approval ratings name the vote is still being seen as a test of his future reelection. chances.