the, the super news is to say versus robotics equipped with sensor technology against the 220000000 old factory selves of our beloved canine. we're taking a good with the topic tomorrow today. next on dw world, in progress pop calls to everyone who wants to know more about this topic. that

concerned about this story is beyond the headline world in progress. the w postcard, the they are the last of their kind version and 5 to 2 female northern white fry knows when they die, their species will die with something. but might modern reproductive medicines save them from extinction? international team of scientists believes it could all this and more on this edition dw science show. welcome to tomorrow. today, the way that this for a long time, all the work we put in now has a, has a real sense and can make

a difference in further species. so the hopes is part of an international team that's trying to rescue with the northern wide rhino. and for that, they needed to take a detour of a close relative the southern wide, right. know, and that's know, raising high hopes we achieved the 1st successful emerald transfer in the rental for us ever. and that's quite the. yeah. and now the big steps for us to the right . no baby unfortunately won't be born, but we'll get to that. so this pair of northern wide ryan, oak house are the only 2 left on the planet and they are protected around the clock . unlike the southern relatives, northern wide ryan, those ones roamed parts of central africa. but to poaching and civil war have had a devastating impact and now the species is extinct and the wild, and that's less than equal logic hook up. then other right ramos is the keystone species in central africa or as was until they've got eliminated from its natural

habitats. it keeps open spaces of short grass that other pieces can feed on. they some species are struggled with longer grass. and also by creating these uh, short grass areas for zones they contribute to having fire protections. eco systems are extremely complex and i think only when animals species disappear from them, we understand how interlinks everything was only a handful of northern way dry nose have ever survived captivity for it and is in the czech republic to help these 2 vinyl couplets breed, they brought it to kenya and 2009, with a good grace on the native grasses and their natives climbing. but those hopes were dashed, no rhino babies, rebel, and both bulls died, leaving behind the 2 females as the last chance for the species. how could that work? part of the answer lies frozen in these containers at the lightness institute for zoo and wildlife research in berlin. together was sales for more than $300.00 other

species. here we also start seeing samples of november trials and the members of november trials. we split them between italy and germany to have a back up in case some catastrophic event happens. at least one bank safe, 30 northern wide rhino embryos, cardinal slandering, and the cold scientists had harvested seamen from separately, right, no boots before they died. every few weeks, the scientists harvest excels from one of the 2 females rhinos the cx, our events loan directly to the left. and it's really where the sperm and the egg meet, end develop into an embryo that's frozen for the future. this entire process is also being carried out with one of the close relatives, the southern white, right, know that population is quite

a bit larger. so they're good test case for the rhino embryo transfer. the entire process had to be reconfigured for writing those to the point of even inventing new tools. ryan knows us so large, there's going to so sick that the only way to reach the uterus it turns out is through the rectum. we have to go one into half me through inside of the animal, and bring a needle. next puncture the wall of the rectum into the uterus, and then deposit our ambros inside of the uterus. as far as i know, no, no other amber transfer has ever been done. this way. it's a long journey until an embryo reaches original uterus. in the most recent transfer to southern wide, ryan new exiles came from belgium and the spring from austria, the virtualization took place in italy. the embryo was frozen and sent to kenya to be implemented into the surrogate mother correct.

unfortunately, cora fell ill and died during the pregnancy, but for the 1st time ever, it transferred reino embryo had grown into a fetus. so when, when we saw the fetus, it was really a perfect little creature. it looks already like a rhino. you can see the base of the hall and you can see the rips count the rips through the skin. you could clearly see it's a male subpoenas. at this stage, actually 99 percent of the pregnancy is continued to last breath. so it, all it had to do is pause to grow for the inside of the lump of this moment unless she died, which unfortunately happened. but the scientists had shown that the idea was viable to move felt forward, especially to save the and all the right right now, this is the crucial prerequisites that we can really with the ambrose we created. we can go to the next step and create new life from them. there's another problem.

so the semen and x elves come from only 3 northern wide right? knows that's why scientists and germany and japan. i experimenting with themselves to bring more variety into the gene pool. the methods we develop are extremely important for the future of many species. i think for example, also there's so much in rhino that we have been called now to work with. and we're already starting to apply our technologies to this species as well. the time codes for transferring the 1st northern wide dry new embryo in summer 2024. if all goes well about 16 months later, a baby will take its place alongside the 2 northern wide rhino cows because to grow up as a prep and also why dry no, the baby needs to be part of a rhino class. these days,

most rhinos live in fenced in nature reserves, where they're protected from poachers, who are mainly interested in the rhinos. horns and traditional chinese medicine, powdered rhino horn, is a sought after ingredient. in reality though, the horns are made of carrots and the very same substance that makes up human hair . but what about the horns of other animals? that's the topic of this week's viewer questionnaire, which comes from sophia are in columbia. the why do the horns of large herbivores come in so many shapes and sizes? first of all, not every animal with fancy head gear has horns. dear and their relatives have antlers, which are made entirely of dead bone. there shut every year and then re grow horns by contrast,

throughout an animal's life. the rhino family has one kind of or made own the super hard carrots to go. big family has a different kind of horn, though, which includes goats sheets and antelope and their horn shear. a common features. the core is made of living bone interlaced with blood vessels, all covered with a tough coating of keratin. it's the same substance that makes up our own hair and finger nails. the shape of the horn is believed to play a role in the regulation of body temperature, especially in the heat sensitive brain. as scientists have documented on and for red thermo images. the top of the head on callas, with horns stays cooler than in cattle whose horns were removed. in more temperate regions, capital horns tend to be shorter and lightly curved and covered with a thick layer of carrots and in the tropics. no kettle tend to have

big, sweeping horns. their large surface area can dissipate excess bodies without water lost. the same holds for the upright horns, commented gazelles, and many other antelope. their horns are covered by a fin, carrot and cheese, and have a cooling network of blood vessels to extend to the very chips. it's not a patient that isn't well suited to the cold, but they're kept in series. in cooler climates, antelope from africa can even get frostbite on the tips of their horns. let us read, why do you have a science question? send it to us in a video text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. so come on. just ask these

ibex may be needed to the helps, but surprisingly enough, they enjoyed basking and warmer temperatures. during a mild winter more as you all know, i back survive and alpine ibex. don't need all that much surface water either. so from their point of view, the impact of climate change and this without isn't necessarily a bad thing. it's 4 30 in the morning here in this without game keeper, was the dish now is hiking to the rock face of the augustine mountain the chemo. it's always a special encounter, and it's like a glimpse of another world. when you get close to these animals, the a specialist at all,

that's also what makes the alpine ibex so fascinating. who is dish now has been observing the wild ibex, a species of wild coat here for nearly 30 years. now those are all mature bucks. they live in separate grooves outside of an amazing seas and of course we do something to prove that they all of alpine ibex are adapted to the extreme conditions here and can go long periods without water. i don't think ibex don't really need to drink. otherwise the die of thirst and the outstanding region where there's hardly any surface water that's off because of the water they get from plants and from the morning do is all they need from the law. so those i'll take a short time later he encounters a group of about 30 in juvenile and but your box the previous winter here was mild . that's good for the ibex, which live above the tree line. shy, that's perfectly of them. they also they, me, they all fine ibex benefit from the reading. star winters are one of the most

crucial, mostly difficult times of the year for them. stay on a half here all winter, even in january, february, and march, when it's minus 20 or 30 degrees celsius of ice and be in the wind blast over the mountain tops with a 100 kilometers an hour. so conditions are harsh, milder the winter and the lower their death rate. so the animals benefit that they are all good. the only backs are especially interested in the dog luna, to get a better estimate of the size of the population. the gain keeper also looks for the dough with their kids. they're harder to find because they tend to seek the safety of rugged and accessible terrain. there's no down there, a middle age go to look. there's some more, you know small they are. there's no, they're not all that old yet. there's a 3rd one and

a force field. that's great. that's really lovely. the presence of young ibex is also a good sign, a lindsey mailing investment. a herd has a lot of yearly subs assigned at last 2 years. kids survived the winter on nothing after the mild winter, many of the kids survive level a thing and it's always great when you see the go with their younger you see machine especially up close like this yet and of the nice the style and that doesn't happen every day, there's all the big la. on his way back down, there is a surprise in store. this punk is 15 years old, which makes i'm the oldest ibex and the time region. we think they called in the holly as part of our herds management. we also hunt the animals to maintain a certain calling size based on the city when the winter death rate, as low more young animals survive. so we raise our kill quote,

a bad that lets us maintain the population at the size that we want need will help alter the hon. insures of the population doesn't grow too large. the herds have enough food and don't need to compete with shami for resources. here on the remote and rugged mountain top, the alpine ibex or thriving mad about fines bounced technology. that's like dw signs is now on take talk. what do we do for fun? why do gravitational ways? when did people begin getting high and laughing gas out? the drums boogie to the beads. and what's the perfect kid football on sunday on says, gets most c w science. oh, new tick, tock channel. the rules were once the most widely spread predator in the

world, the skilful hunters ranged over much of the northern hemisphere. then humans hunted them nearly to extinction. in the 1990s walls were granted protected status across europe, and their numbers have been rising steadily ever since. researchers have been documenting their return today about $180.00 volts tax boom across germany. much to the dismay of many farmers and shepherds last year was killed more than $4000.00 farm animals in germany to be as tim flocks of being attacked twice. already, wolves killed 70 of his sheep and a few goats. and several more sheep had to be snorted afterwards, due to injuries. tim likes, wolves, but he says enough is enough. he's been of inside for me definitely. and favorite cooling problem animal. meaning what does it have managed to get past or safety

fence several times involving these electric fences with no match for the woods. for the shepherds, the presence of wolf packs near his home is no longer an option. so this one, let's say, where you write a kid from this region, a 150 years ago, volumes because of exactly this problem. beautiful. it didn't work for work the way they imagined it was in a heavily populated region like north ryan was fairly young. the and here to reintroducing golds. it's a very, very difficult to help and even say it's impossible in many areas of garnishment. okay. here in gemini, several different states agencies and hundreds of ex, but some monitoring the rules, foresters, and volunteer experts and samples of will firing down to the sinking back institute near frank fence. every sample is analyzed. kathleen, the goal is to establish a genetic data base of every will fin gemini, maintained here at the institute. how many those hundreds of i know here in germany we have almost 3700 separate wolf profiles with the boys. they're all stored in our

electronic database and we send in the information also includes which folds that related to each other. what it would pack they belong to the ones the when the sample was taken and so forth. 5. and i'm going to use this just every time we get a new genetic profile in our database law that both gets its own. i d, the boys i g, w of your genetic, the whole number, you know, math. so we maintain a consecutive list of those numbers for this and then combine the 4th law from the new model when a foam animal is mold, assault police, taken from the wound and compared to the data base. when there's a genetic match. and it's clear that the livestock was killed by a wolf, the farmer can receive compensation from the states. and if the same move is determined to have carried out several different attacks, the former can apply to have to move cold, even though it says strictly protected species. this kind of upset can take a long time, sometimes even years and it's and by then we'll pack might already have up to new

comes. so it doesn't really work. and yet so nice to regulations for protecting hubs of sheep and goats. a very strict and complex to complex. some critics say, a biologist and also hence the tip fun and steal the says the bad on killing moves shouldn't be absolute rules, so no longer at risk of extinction. and he says that even if the rules are loose and the species went beyond districts with the daughter of was our hoops here in germany are part of the whole population that spends much of europe for probably northern your asia as well as it's informed. they've never been at risk of extinction gets in the past or now not in the field. so there's no sensible reason to ban hunting wolves in quarter invoice disagree. i think we have to be all but frank fast believes will still need to be strictly protected. and they post little danger to humans and all of europe. i mean 9 people have died, since wolves returned most of them from rabies venue. and about when you're looking

at the past 70 years, in this very large geographical area, meaning out of europe, it's safe to say that the statistical probability of a wolf attacking a human and for any reason on all is very low. it says, there are a number of theories why that is the case or the c. and one is that what was might regard as humans as a kind of credit to her, but as far as, as old, something best left alone. some of these in willis. so when it comes to rules, conservationists and pharmacist them to away c i to i here in germany and elsewhere in the wild dogs are closely related to wolves for more than 15000 years now. they've been our faithful friends and they have a very special skills, an amazing sense of smell. that's why especially trained dogs help search for survivors when disaster. yes. but those missions are dangerous for the dogs too. so good high tech, hey i robot one day replace our k 9 friends when it comes to search and rescue

operations, which knows those best. my lo says no. he's being trained as a rescue dog to identify since follow their trail l and report to find the sense samples include human blood and burial shrouds. the team hides the samples. now it's my lowest turn. he still has plenty to learn about how to carry out search and rescue operations for the man said, i tied it in the r valley. the flood water rushed through and left the mountains of rebel and its way back in the chance of finding survivors wasn't all that high unfortunately. oh, so that's when our dogs would come in. that's come. but dogs have to be highly skilled to work in a crisis. zone milo isn't quite there yet. rough terrain, steep hills and distracting odors all make searching for traces of evidence near the water especially challenging

under water searches are also difficult. dining robots and underwater drones take a long time to completely search in area. trained dogs can narrow down where to search. team leader yano scotch is preparing a lower. the pipe is filled with burial shrouds and heavy rocks. the training session will take place that the link and the black forest. now the lower will be submerged. when we're planting a node or for the dogs to find later on, it's nice and deep below us here who owns a trained dog can detect to send up to 20 meters under water. even some are jones doesn't know exactly where the lower is is has to be the handle or shouldn't know where the lower is because if they show even the slightest sign or expectation, the dog notices right away for often when do i take sugar? now it's time to hop on board. milo is only allowed to bar when the boat is

directly above the odor particles. but this isn't the right spot. there is nothing here. milo is anxious sent over eager. i got the other ones . we haven't been out on a boat often so he doesn't have to signal down yet. random barking won't pass muster. mama needs to be more precise. he failed this training exercise, but he'll be given another chance. robots, on the other hand, don't get stressed or anxious once they've been programmed. they do, if they've been told. the european japanese cursor project has designed robots to search for certain libraries and a disaster zone. their odor sensors can locate people trapped under the rubble of a collapse building. for example, could robots like this replace search and rescue dogs? pianos?

yes, she doesn't think so. he and his dog venga were also called to the r valley in western germany after the catastrophic slump there, a few years ago. the robot is like, you have to pick it up and bring it to the right place. it needs technical equipment, batteries and things like that. the r valley flood is a good example. a search there would have taken much, much longer with a robotic then a dog wound died from real quick. so the dog can detect his son from quite a distance ultimatum and then go to the right place and pinpoint where it's coming from quite quickly. the highest also fights in the onset until sundays. and that's because highly trained dogs. nose is still superior to a mechanical one. dogs have up to 300000000 all factory receptors and can smell human sweat, hormones, blood, and even people's breath, an incredibly tiny amount. milo isn't quite there yet. right now. he's learning how

to beat. hoist it up with a rope and keep his cool. he also has to get used to noisy helicopters and flying to a disaster science. the lesson plan includes every possible scenario he might encounter on the job. now it's time for his 2nd try at the lake. a search mission on the water is one of the toughest jobs of rescue dog can face. it's essentially now i have to keep a sharp eye on any changes in his behavior. some are a jones, his job is to interpret my low signals. she's convinced he has what it takes up. so now he's signaling straight ahead of us. and then we're right over the spot with the odor. with the older lawyer is indicating the correct spot. vega or that type, fitness for bingo, milo barks to report the center of the site. that was good, right? you stick your nose all the way down close to the water. good job, definitely pointing out like milo has shown you have what it takes. yeah. the my,

the other thoughts, my little did a great job today. i believe was a lot calmer before he got on the boat and on the boat to boat. often we are going vi's, and he's made some real progress and fort hood. so let's infinity, the patient's training at a strong bond between dog and handler. make all the difference. h my cousin and i really like his loyalty is very focused on me. that's nice because it makes the job easier and it helps them and are bond that established. and i love his lively personality and connect 2nd story. so when it comes to search and rescue missions, a dog and a human handler are still an unbeatable team. dogs are fast, precise resorts full and tenacious, and don't need electricity for internet access. robots are also getting more and more sophisticated, but there's still a long way to go before a robot knows consult smith, a canine line. that's all for now.

thanks for watching tomorrow today. and to join us again next week for another edition, a dw science show. you that the shift your guide to life and it did to, to explore the latest online trend, navigate your way through the digital jungle global perspective. we'll video guide and show you what's possible really match it to you in 15 minutes on dw, pico africa,

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