us co and that's all we have time for, let's say, what does up next to on doc film? we look at relationships between siblings that a young age and how they shape our later life. i'm really think so much for your company. the ice cold. pasadena needs an expedition ventures on to places that no one has the climate research in the ice. the dos much touch on dw, the ready holding on tight relying on each other. the vice side,

siblings are high wire acrobats in this family. brothers and sisters have been working together for generations. when we're up there, it's special that we're brothers and sisters because i entrust my whole life to my family. i'm using my need close confidence or rivals. our siblings can serve as a mirror for us. i'd say even i'm be they give you an image of what you will like if you're constantly together for hours even years so much. for many, a sibling relationship is the longest of their lives. a strong time that hasn't been widely studied. we often underestimate the importance of sibling relationships to the

of a vital von to shapes the days of these 2 sisters. indeed, their very lives depend on how well they work together as mean, and the tale of vice height are high wire acrobats. together they perform at dizzying heights, spend a human hunch, nation time. someone has a bad day, where is a little often bored? gust of wind comes. of course, you don't know how the other person will react to this, but there's a deep trust there anyway, and there's no doubt he understood. i left a rehearsal for the 1st performance of the year. natalia up the artist from go to belong to germany's most famous high wire. true on the go the brothers andre, and pay to mount here. lead the troop. it's a family business on today's top. 10 from the client. oh. what do you see?

you know each other well from a young age and have a common goal, then it's a huge advantage to know each other super well. just because if we lift anything together, we do it in cooperation. in physical cooperation, we have one body with 2 heads up on me, its like a from a close sibling relationship that's been passed down for 6 generations. i can't get down sibling bonds for many, they are part of everyday life. as of 2022, there are almost 14000000 children living in germany. more than 3 quarters of them have at least one brother or sister. every 4th child grows up without a sibling. the proportion of only children is relatively constant. since 2015,

it has fallen slightly to a current 23 percent. the a lifelong balancing act in sibling relationships, rivalry alternates with affection. but how do siblings shape our lives ourselves? that's the subject studied by switch psychologist, eggs sick. he himself has an older sister. siblings sick calls them a training camp for personality month during the year to meet the kitchen east and on, but a bit to young sluice. how, how you train other relationship happens with siblings that are fine. also other emotional pessimists. it only because it's more on a similar level on a more horizontal level, with relationships between parents and children. it's more of a vertical relationship perception. so siblings also give you a lot of opportunities to develop social, emotional, moral skills and all these of, in influences that naturally continuing to add old hosting to and ultimately even

under certain circumstances until this relates the score through which tend to be still told by looking at the university of teacher education, the psychologist research has the emotions involved in sibling relationships. the spectrum is wide, but 5 feelings are found again and again. intimacy in terms of emotional closeness, congeniality, a friendly, supportive relationship between equals loyalty, indifference and possibility. a recent study from israel shows sisters forge particularly close relationships. there are greater conflicts among brothers and the smaller the age gap between siblings, the more they see each other as rivals. the thing that most of the writing elisa patent was which interestingly enough occur in old cultures and time. these

no one can read this in many earlier writing sites. and so of course, quarreling fighting and comparing competing republicans, which by the way is no full bad thing. they move through rivalry, and comparison one develops one cell further that they can make mistakes by the rivalry as driver of personal, the men in moderation. this seems to benefit siblings discreet fish, east of the scene. so extreme i for seems to golfing on their siblings who was so weak stream, lead jealous of each other, feel. so slice it by the parents, they always presented as the right that they attack the sibling massively organized in the worst case. they can even kill whole truth, some greek culture and at least really happens or to those pulled a much more frequent variance. use the children go through life and always have the feeling they've been short changes to the baseband disadvantage, which could comb insisting pinole stylus toward the rivals for love, for resources,

for their own rank within the family. does birth order shape personality? is there any truth to all the cliches? for example, the oldest children are the responsible ones. is that right? yes to born and the 1st born are more conscientious compared to their siblings. but if you say how conscientious are people for their age, then the effect disappears. is it has nothing to do with sibling position, but it's purely an effective age. and the middle ones do sandwich. kids really get the short end of the stick. but sandwich can and there was always a big prejudice against sandwich children enough. they are so disadvantaged which they are squeezed between the older and the younger children and they suffer as a result. and, and we think that this disadvantage can certainly exist, but we don't think that it has any effect on the personality of the children. because when it's patrick, you know, finally the youngest,

the baby of the family spoiled and rebellious. but in this components in india and with the last born, we don't really find evidence in our studies that they are particularly rebellious or stand out in any other way. it could be, of course, that they are rebelling in some form and we just can't find a way to measure that and to be home by scientific standards. the sibling cons to lation has less than fluence on personality, then previously assumed. this is the conclusion of a new large scale study. by julia hall, the, the psychologist grew up with her cousin and has a younger half sister falsehoods, minutes and cliches about siblings persist and have sometimes been reinforced by science. that socialist gift his lunch mine. in fact, there are some times individual studies that confirm these stereotypes, because however,

the literature is extremely chaotic and before that is for almost every study, there's another study with the opposite finding student. it says one big difference in the old studies is that the researchers handed out questionnaires of psychology students. and with that, if you try very hard, you get maybe 100 people together that's, that's not a lot. if you really want to look at small differences in the me, it, i'm so i'm interested to find the small differences. scientists need huge data sets . researchers at the university of live search have now reevaluated long term studies from germany. great britain and the us. they collect the data from more than 20000 adults. these numbers speak for themselves. first born, middle, or the youngest siblings are just not always, all the same. the only in intelligence does a pattern emerge. i q points drops slightly from the 1st to the last child.

why? science has several answers to this question that i need get people. there are some promising findings as to before the and the for example, because the suggestion that this is really about the 1st born child simply getting more attention, more encouragement from the parents. i'd be more active stimulation and so on and up to you. but i'm leaving was the vita, not or idea that might explain this difference is, is that the older children are taking on a mentoring role for the younger children and told them from school and for the year old. and came the name of i see this with my older ones and she tries to explain things to her little brother. i think it's way can that doesn't really help him. he's only 8 months old. but you see that the older one has to think about what and how she'll explain things is he's and provide being a role model, learning from each other in many ways, siblings benefit from each other. but a recent behavioral economics study from denmark has now revealed, for women who grew up with younger brothers. it doesn't pay they earn up to

$400.00 euros less a year than women with younger sisters. and they choose lower paid jobs in education and to care more often. perhaps the difference in income is related to the gender roles they learned as brothers and sisters. the mission, this is produced essentially ocean into this one mechanism for which there is empirical evidence. different is that there is actually a division of labor within the family. so at the moment when there are girls and boys in the family, you sometimes have to decide who is looking after whom, who is helping home, who is involved in which activity even to see and what happens when both sexes are present and is that the girl perhaps accompanies the mother and help them other in the kitchen. and the boy tends to do activities with the fathers. i'm activity tidmore. identifying patterns over coming in, grain, sibling, roles,

science can help. so can awareness. that'd be nevada grew up as an only child. she has 6, have siblings. the professor of education heads, the german youth institute in munich. she studies the dark side of sibling real lation ships, arguments violence and bullying in school, yards and on social media as well researched among brothers and sisters. however, it's long been a blind spot that's on divers. fist on guns is the fact that very similar phenomena also occur among siblings and was not for a long time really focused on that. the physical sciences, especially among young children and also teasing bullying, leading the other for something they didn't do. accusation at the whole range of ugliness that can exist in relationships with kaiser. this gave them kind of in the

to estimates very widely. 15 to 50 percent of children suffer because they are bullied or abused by their siblings. often with lifelong consequences. the researchers at the german youth institute have been advising policy makers and administrators for decades. they also worked on the german government's family reports. new family models are getting more attention, have siblings step siblings and patchwork families. but what has long been part of everyday life is difficult to grasp scientifically and got it. and state farm means instead of building relationships are awesome, particularly complex. in step family was where there is only sporadic contact, which is not there is, there is of course, not much chance for them to really grow together. however, the children often experience the relationship with you, siblings, as an enrichment. it has to be said that children are austin, less and complicated than parents to sit as

a time. children are affected by divorce and separation. about one in 10 families in germany is a patchwork family. new life partners with children from previous relationships are sometimes joined by new children from the new relationship to go mo hits and paulina are patchwork siblings. in the beginning, they weren't as easy going as they are today. i didn't like him. i didn't like her either. i knew i always forgot his name. i still forget his age and model. for me, it was a bit weird because i had to make friends with someone us. i'm gonna find most of the health issues like i was honestly a bit afraid of you. we pretty much hated each other. sundays were like no, not him again, some days to avoid seeing him, i wouldn't even get up in biological siblings probably experience some of the same

feelings at that age. 2 year old who go is the joint child of patchwork, parents and natalie, popish and spend luca. the older children are both who goes have siblings 7 and 9 years older, respectively and worlds. a part in terms of child development. step siblings, paulina and move. it didn't move in together until they were elementary school age for the whole family, a high stakes experiment, isabel eg foods. when you those toughest at 1st i wanted when it really was because from all hates of course it was a big change. he wasn't tone interested in girls anyway. and then suddenly a step sister. but you just have to throw them in at the deep end and see what happens. and it took a long time, but yeah, it's actually working quite well now. as a tool that is who the arrived,

we even more of the family now it's as a family it took a lot of patients and compassion living together did the rest. today, the patchwork siblings are a team and even if reality doesn't always match expectations. isaac and displacement when you're also a few problems between siblings game bondai hasn't a devil. parents are also the architects of a sibling relationship, a step it's you, architects, or in this case, coach is natalia vice height and her brother max train. the next generation of artist 5 year old who will be and her brothers, charlie and lenny practice splits, then work on strength and endurance. and headstand natalie as children train 2 to 3 times a week. altogether by side,

siblings have been living and working together for over 120 years. now put your legs out, don't worry sideways like that. the roles within the family are always changing. marks used to be the baby of the family. then he became an uncle. we'd go to a completely different way of dealing with each other now that they're a little one is full. i was the little one that but now i'm old enough to tell the kids what to do. so we knew way i grew up when the tale i had children, how to connect you to go to mine. it can not. why wouldn't trust my children to any of my siblings without hesitation and without fear, that they would mess up their education or treat them on fairly to see how your brother does it being watch, stretch your feet, comparing, competing to measuring one's own skills against those of others,

all of this is part of everyday life for the vice side, siblings. but the brothers and sisters don't want to be bid arrivals. not even the youngest ones, the decline of the little one sometimes just wants to be like the big one. and the big one also needs reassurance that he is the bigger ones you could ones is, but they look after each other very well. even if they often argue equipment, they also make sure that no one gets a raw deal as with the kids as the and the children see how we adults treat each other. and they realized that we are siblings to vistas. and maybe that's where a lot of it comes from here. what the high wire acrobat says about her experiences is confirmed by new research, sibling relationships play in a central role in identity formation. brothers and sisters serve as people we can project onto. and as role models, just as important siblings make it easier to differentiate ourselves. you can try

things out on them for a lifetime, and they will still be your sibling. you're doing the child come on ski and you can do a lot with charlie and with siblings in general. and that's why i run off to charlie most of the time, which he finds in knowing the fish, even though it's the same with me. yes, it'd be boring with no siblings. so would you do things with us because our parents rarely have time. is it and push side in a family business, it can be difficult to separate private and professional matter was the people at the end of business goes badly. it affects everyone in today. an emergency meeting, bookings have been spotty. i said after the corona years, festivals and art shows are only slowly getting going again and there's something else troubling the sibling self. it's max natalia and yes, me and have another brother who left the high wire true a few weeks ago. if he doesn't inches,

i'm leaving violence. if you would many things about this life would too much for himself. it must be. and then as he got older, it became more and more difficult for him to do what he did. and on the whole, it didn't surprise me that much at that moment it did, and i think, but when i thought about it afterwards, i think it was the best decision he could have made since i don't. and that's why i'm not so sad about that. so it's, it's always to him as an we have here. it's, well, it's very, very difficult for me. it's basically like a separation just took a piece, breaks away and it is not easy for me. yeah. i know it's going to be hard. the whole year. i was just hudson, but that's just the way it is put up. i wish for my brothers happiness and, and everything else must just come with time. who's the type thing in the course of their lives. siblings are sometimes more, sometimes less close. psychologists talk about a you curve, great closeness in childhood, distance and puberty. the distance is greatest when the focus is on career, partnership, and one's own children. in old age,

the sibling bond often becomes closer again. behavioral patterns created by sibling relationships can affect all areas of life, but they often go unnoticed. to counter this, you'd fake advisors, school psychologists, and his practice. he also offers trainings for teachers. understanding sibling dynamics can improve teaching and learning. he said, as in the classroom or later in life, in the office to taking brothers and sisters into account, help solve conflict of the s 9 that i tried to use this. i think this is still in the glad to the issue to you. people often don't have time to old. they're in the middle of school psychology assessments. for example, in gym, they just take a quick look into sure how things at school, how with things with the parents. and if you don't pay attention to siblings and know, seeing that, and in many cases,

siblings can play an important role. so if you don't take that into accounts, cuz that's malpractice in my view as mine, this is think home state. if brothers and sisters really do have such a strong influence, what does that mean for children who grow up without siblings or the cliches about the only child? true? are they really selfish, spoiled? even anti social listen uh, we don't find any systemic personality differences. you know, there are studies that even find slight advantages that the only child has a slightly better academic performance to begin with anywhere on slightly higher self esteem, but no elevated narcissism most. it is often said that an only child is at a physical disadvantage. that's actually had fish may have in fact it has often been consent, the children who grow up with siblings on health care and an only child has a higher risk of being overweight. presumably that's just

a great to lack of access size. course on videos i'm more the or running and romping. these 2 will probably always have a companion. the twin girls are just 25 hours old. they were born here at tubing ins, university hospital by so sorry, infection. the father, as glad that his daughters and their mother are all doing well. and that is twins can look forward to a lifelong sibling relationship. he's a little jealous. in fact, i can't. i'm in own a child and that's how i grew up and was raised. but i also felt a bit alone. yeah. you'll never be alone with a twin. you'll always have someone to play with. they'll help you in school. you know, just always having someone bio site is very, very valuable. and i hope it stays that way for life. and i think the twins also

have a special relationship just on that as a hit install. a regular siblings and fraternal twins share about 50 percent of their dna. the genetic blueprint of identical twins on the other hand, is almost exactly the same researchers in tubing and want to take advantage of this and are studying twins to better understand the common diseases. which health problems are already anchored in the genes and which are generated by external influences. the researchers are pursuing a classic question. nature or nurture doesn't to sunset as much released as the reading and what's on the interesting thing is that the twins in the room already have a very similar environmental speech. then they will live in a similar family environment later on and have a similar diet. so it is very exciting to see how the children develop into because for example, if they are identical, they have everything in common. how this,

how then the question is of course, solution to are there still difference as simple until she don't forever connected twins are special and rare. in 2021 out of just under 800000 birds in germany. only around $13000.00 pairs of twins were born a share of just about 1.7 percent. today, twin brothers christopher and so boston ham on are putting themselves at the service of science with on the interesting of the position has 2 younger brothers and heads. the twin health research project at university hospital in tubing and several studies from different disciplines converge here all relating to twin health. the project has established the only large scale twin cohort with

a medical focus in germany. nearly 1000 pairs of twins participate, a specialist in psychosomatic medicine wants to find out which factors can lead to eating disorder order problems like irritable bowel syndrome. the brothers take a stress test with e k g measurements for this purpose. they're separated, so they don't influence one another. good. then get started. job here, not so the dentist should be, you know, we have almost identical genes here. but since these identical twins no longer live together, we have different environmental factors to an item. so we have standardize this one factor, so just big for minimum of a but we can examine the environmental factors separately because on the end we don't have to relate to donate to diseases. but we can also find out the

environmental factors that play a role in how you think a certain type i know when it should be. and this is something that is very important to understand that we can possibly also apply to non twins feeling about the heart of non twins. meaning, all of us, if the influence of genes or the environment on various diseases is clarified, everyone could benefit from more effective drugs and therapies. on the vast angle aims to present his initial results by the end of 2023. the for the brothers, the study is an occasion to consider what separates them. apart from the 10 kilometers that live between their homes. i ask, you tend to be the comma 1 may not quite so, but other than that, we're pretty similar to teams in the mostly as a tween. you'll notice individual. so you'll always often only perceive does

between these, that sometimes maybe you'll so negates it almost unfit otherwise in school and so on. i think we've had more advantages and disadvantages because these twins class, the ends of the hama, share a plus in life above average athleticism. when it comes to physical fitness, there are some things we can influence ourselves. while others are genetically predisposed. like a person's maximum oxygen uptake during athletic exertion. this characteristic for endurance performance is strongly pre determined by gene escape. i know that there are other fitness variables, but they are not as well started as, for example, the lack take fresh on it is assumed that the influence of genetics is somewhat blast. which means that i can more clearly influence this through trainings. and then at the elect, a threshold, the muscles begin to over a set of 5. they tire and burn. among other things, sports positions,

record when this point is reached. for class, the ends of the home on probably later than for others. both sisters played competitive sports until recently have each had our sports and competitions, but we're never direct competitor on the webcam. stuff, i think in general as twins, you don't think like that. we will also together in school in the same cost. and even then you where it's about grades, not the tools that the system, then you are happy for the, the old stuff with, with the as a. but we didn't have a competitive mentality. coincidence, or conscious decision. cloud excelled and rhythmic gymnastics. the fee and that has half along or this spare the sisters direct competition, at least in the sports arena. after all, many pairs of twins can't avoid comparison. i'm speech to get food. it's

been a very important point. i'm not totally passing x y one, but i am festival a twins. so these are, these types of certainly has positive as one is less favorable aspect on goods because as i said, and that can also lead to things like competitiveness company, that is, what can i do better than the other half was wanting to be better than the other that can spur you want, drive you to a peak performance like old dot hunting and his younger brother kristof and close succession, each one and a limpid gold medal and the discus. but the sporting competition was too much for the brothers. years of radio silence followed the xbox family in berlin, fully as 3 years older than her 14 year old brother's life and bent the siblings get along well. but the fraternal twins bond is particularly close to the twins or

like cats and dogs sometimes. so for one thing, they somehow can't do without each other, they fall asleep in the same bed quite often and are quite close to. but they also managed to provoke each other constantly. a home visit with lena vega, the social scientist has 2 older sisters. researchers like her have been visiting the family for nearly a decade to conduct interviews or takes a live of samples for genetic analysis. the 3 siblings and their parents are part of the twin life study. the long term study aims to design for the reasons for social inequality, which has a stronger influence, jeans, or the environment. and how did these factors evolve over time? once within, off and my dna doesn't change during our lifetime, but you can think of it like a light switch. flushed and environmental stimulus happens, and the gene activities turned on or off. and that too much to cause change and with the help of saliva samples that we have obtained. we can also address such

questions in the futures just card and so forth on game. each twin answers questions individually. the sociologist wants to learn as much as possible about the twins lives to mention, because sometimes i can't sleep because of the problems at school in one to finish, finish, education and career integration and participation. the questions aimed to clarify which factors influence social inequality to 1124325. such interviews are conducted once a year. nationwide with some 2000 families, the twins have pretty clear ideas about how they are different. from scottish thompson, my brother contacts the tool icon play soccer very well in terms of school. i'm not

so good at math, i'm not but my brother is very good at mine, not to can such differences be traced back to genes. initial findings do indeed show that educational success depends not only on the parental home, but also on predisposition. much of that doesn't stack, or you need to some things that most strongly genetically determined. for example, it has been discovered that cognitive abilities are strongly genetically determined . please, that doesn't mean you have this gene and that's how it's going to be forms on the other things that we call self and skills like self esteem, how brave you are, can be most strongly conditioned by the environment that stick up on the inside. come in addition to identical and fraternal twins, the study also looks at parents and siblings when it comes to deciphering the mechanisms of social inequality, every perspective is important. as captivity. and i think the relationship with my

brothers is very nick community to have that. so then we all have our own private lives. so it's more like a shared flag and some of us we see each other. we know each other and we do things together. but it's more like everyone does their own thing for buying things. dollars, sibling relationships. you can't choose them or can you the modern medicine makes possible. what was long on think about a child is selected from the petri dish in order to serve as a genetic match for an older brother or sister. after all, the new baby is being created to see the 6 siblings, like they're called rescue brothers and sisters. jamie whitaker, now 20 from england, is one such a rescue sibling, stem cells from his umbilical cords, blood were able to cure his seriously little brother,

charlie. there's nothing really thought about it. it's just you are being able to help someone who is in your family and obviously you will it, you'll do it. and then uh, what is the, the child me on, charlie, we're still happy together. he's, he's back to the there's, there's no real downsides to when jamie was born, charlie was 4 years old. the family still keeps in touch with the doctor who helps save charlie's lennox for parents. michelle and jason, the doctor is a hero and others consider mohammed task on the seat. one of the most controversial figures in artificial insemination and pre implantation diagnostics. but what would have been the alternative charlie suffered from severe chronic anemia and treated? it would be fatal. all right, so they said your child will probably die buddies. 14. and you can have no more

children because you probably carry as of this of this disorder. so that's a, you know, that's a, that's quite a, a big show impact on your life when your 2826 and this your 1st child. so it was, was hard, very hard. and it still makes me cry 20 pony hips left. so they needed to find a stem cell donor for terminally ill charlie, but they couldn't find one. the whittaker's wanted to have another child anyway. they say, this time however, it had to be healthy and a donor match. that's how jamie came into this world. after a genetic test by artificial insemination and essentially sion and so yeah, of course it is a very, very specific process to wish for a sibling to cure another child. and at the moment, the procedure with rescue siblings is not permitted in germany for medical ethical

reasons. i don't think we know that much about the long term consequences. yet as far as feelings of guilt or gratitude are concerned, things like that. and which with which of course play a big role should be done not to reach. the goal is to hold the brothers say that for them. there is no question of ethical concerns or being a burden. charlie and jamie focus on how lucky they are to have each other they liked a joke about their relationship. yeah. sometimes they have a joke like, oh, i opt you out, you gotta, you gotta help me out with this. so just as long as lines, say, if he needs picking up somewhere in the call, i'll get you a new one. and it's just a little comes, continue really to be a running joke. charlie and jamie seem comfortable when it comes to dealing with their story. for siblings of chronically ill children,

this isn't always the case. new studies speak of shadow children. they often fade into the background and pale next to the sick child that is contained at the cfo lot. there are children who suffer a lot of them. and they're also children who, for example, and this is not also uncommon dream that they will also become ill stand all they imagined and i'm dying now. and then my parents will see how much they will miss me . so will they hook themselves and hope to get attention with this insurance mix some cards because parents of sick children have to be especially sensitive when it comes to healthy siblings and shopping can shadow children can often benefit from being able to help out in some way from being involved in a little bit to not just standing on the sidelines. that's important for children's overall development to have a feeling that they can make a contribution. charlie whitaker owes nothing less than his liked to his brother.

an extraordinary bond, which hopefully never becomes a burden minus a great day for the acrobatic vice hyde family leave. you guess? even in a moment you had experienced the high why to vice type siblings from go to in the range. you don't mind the 1st appearance of the season and the 1st big show after the corona pandemic. they've been training every day for weeks. the tension is palpable. as always, it's not just about your own safety. that's what many people can't understand or what i know. i trust my whole family with my life. so when my brother builds a trapeze, i have to trust that he's doing it right. that everything is safe and secure. until

now it's been windy and rainy. just before the show starts, the sun breaks through. the weather is on their side and then the, the, the see it the demo definitely we can signal clear communications. one look. everyone knows what to do. the credit reading

with no one else could devise side. siblings. imagine such flights of fancy. the 40 meters above the ground, the so what is the hardest recipe for success? maybe it's one of those things that you feel comfortable and safe. you understand each other without any word. this replicas that one look is enough and you know everything is fine. the,

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timeline. because we can take the different w call, the world unpack, pulse of your info is in all the input u, v. w story. now on to the, this is the that we news, and these are a top story. what hunger is parliament has approve. sweden has been to join nato, removing the last obstacle to sweden's membership of the western military lines. after more than a year of delays hung, gary lawmakers overwhelmingly improve the bill enabling suite and succession hungry as the last of nato's. 31 number states to ratify the swedish membership it terminates chancellor. olaf shaw says berlin will not supply ukraine with long