why is the ice melting? the signage reset in the i c d w. the melting ice caps. torrential flooding. well fires. climate change has already had an impact on millions of minds on nature. like in forest research is a trying to hear what would sound like in owning? well, that's a much more on this week show. the thanks for joining us on dw science program. welcome to tomorrow. today. marcos meter and his colleagues at ward 1600 meters above sea level and the

total forest preserve in switzerland, saucy, and todd valley. the woods here haven't been managed for 50 years. the team installed recorders and sensors here last fall to you to coordinate the record sounds in the ground and also from the air and they measure the micro climate at the same time. that's actually the core of my acoustic ecology work. you always really need context for the sounds you record and the landscape and context things . you also measure the local climate to call the key and all the devices are concealed by weather proof covers able to withstand rain, wind, and snow. sometimes things still go wrong. the don't get ahold of something's not on it. probably some miles then moisture got into it for it to try to come on the ground sensors, record sound waves that are then amplified

a 100 fold. it sounds like this little control judy, sort of the soil you hear a wide range of sounds made by the animals that live in it, not just crawling and feeding noises, but also certain acoustic communications between animals. that's actually the most exciting thing and it makes sense. this is natural, it's dark underground and when you can't see each other, it's communicating, acoustically is a good option. measuring bio diversity, acoustically to do so devices don't have to be assigned to specific animals. at this stage, it's mostly about detecting how much diversity soils are home to places where more and different sounds are measured or home to more species. one day the recordings could be used to create sound art, but they also provide research data barkus made or has worked for years with eco physiologist or whole month's 5 foot measures even more parameters among the

moisture content and the soil. and also tree grows to do so he developed a device called the point 10 durometer. i mean the can in the me co made we can use it to measure when the trunk expands and contracts again with micro meter precision . all the data reveals when and how much a tree grows up is good for me. you might think trees grow between spring and fall, but that's really not the case. growth usually only happens within 2 months and within those 2 months because only on relatively few days and on those days only at night. so growth actually occurs during a very limited number of hours on 12 points to the data. he records helps identify the climatic conditions under which patrice species will still grow, and when drought and heat caused it to stop growing on the bottom of the steel, if a tree dies research into it will hit

a dead end. you may expect. we'd like to be able to use the setup to predict where certain trees species are reaching their limits, guns and stoves. around 400 trees spread across switzerland have been wired up in this way. all of them are part of a measurement network called tree net. this and get the thoughts and the phone. okay, so here's yesterday's data from all over switzerland by its coal lated automatically and maps like this. so you can see how much the trees are growing at any given moment and deployment or whether they're going better or worse. then in other years old to flash the box and all the norms on the, on the upper map indicates gross. the lower one water supply avoid united with loss of assaults and all the water supply was actually good. this year and gross as in previous years is very below average. the file tree growth is complex because it

doesn't just depend on current conditions. we talk about what's called the legacy effect. so on them. so what happened last year or 2 years ago can have an influence of what conditions where the trees exposed to, even into years before that basically doing nothing. the so called the job at the for so even if it has rained enough this year, trees in the network are still suffering from last year's extreme drought. but which woodlands might cope better with climate change? a natural forest left to its own devices for one managed by us humans, marcus made or wants to explore that question with his new project. today he's meeting up with forest or daniel boy, the the to discuss which forest areas make the most sense for a comparison. in this managed forest, all trees are sell to help young trees grow better. most of like you definitely can

some agent by compare it to our society. it all depends aging, society sees more deaths and it's the same in the forest. the more old trees you have, the more trees will die. you see, our goal with this particular stretch of woods is to continuously rejuvenated, to encourage a young dynamic forest that can fulfill its protective function. well, the feeling called the main protective function of this forest is to shield the road below from avalanches, rock or mud slides. but of course, it also provides many more benefits bodies to, to design. and for us are good down just because they retain precipitation. and to then during dr periods, they release the water again, it goes, the soil stores a lot of it is just about can unmanaged for us. do what's needed, just as well as a managed one. this is an outside just a super full. it could be that it works great,

but i could also be that it doesn't work beautiful and we actually want to manage at least that's human nature and agent that you want to do something about it and not leave it to chance and help. and it's us, missed into, for the last 4, marcus made or to forest experiments are part of a bigger question. should this cultivated landscape maintained by humans be preserved? or should we allow the wilderness to reclaim it style by showing the sight i believe we have to move away from a human centered or anthro, post centric and perspective. if we want to solve our problems and dealing with the environment that lose the, the acoustic ecologist expects initial results in around 4 years. ready indications of whether the wooded mountain eco systems can adapt on their own or if they will need a helping hand from humans. the

trees in far is having to adjust to moment temperatures. but also many of the plants we credit for food. oh, sometimes drink. in germany, for instance, it's changing traditional wines to, to growing seasons, leading to ones with punchy of flavors and a higher alcohol content to light to dry. a white wines of the past have growing harder to make because higher temperatures now cause grapes to ripen more quickly and produce more sugar. among them those made with the reasoning variety is thought to come from the countries. ryan go region originally. now research is at the university that i'm looking at an innovative way to provide grades with a little shade the grades being harvested here or not just any grades. they're part of a pilot project for a very special reasoning vintage a. at a vineyard attached to guys and hun university in the hind gal region of western

germany, scientists are trying to find out how the fruit develops in the shade of a 3 meter high. i agree voltage system also called an angry p v array. in addition to the shaded trial area, grapes and a control field or ripening under normal conditions, increasingly warm somers have accelerated the process. you know, if we have the laser as we have earlier harvests. so in the last couple of decades, the grapes have on average, ripened around 30 to 40 days faster than before, and these are 2 of them are content. the warmer temperatures also change the aroma of the varieties grown here, day young about and if so, the research involves nothing less than the future of wine or at least of reasoning minds. and not just here in the volume gal, regions, climate impact research or county or come on has observed more frequent, extreme weather. july 2023, for example, was the hottest since measurements began in 1885 that's actually happened. we

have some idea of weather wise, we had a few challenges. first we had a very dry face from mid may to mid june. then there was a short thunderstorm. and after that, it was really hot and dry again for a long time and kind of here. so there were these gaps and precipitation slots and everything highlighted and read the temperatures. they're all significantly higher than the long term average. and yeah, they get me to come on thing. so many people underestimate how severe a climate change could be in the future. extreme weather events like heavy rain and hail followed by heat, waves and droughts will occur. more often, citizenship i felt unimportant, rid a point, but we really noticed this heating up and have to contend with extreme consequences with stuff that's never happened before. situations that are new with their phone, for example, we've never seen sunburn on the fines people on continental. even the semi transparent photo voltaic modules are designed to protect the vines from too much

sun and prevent early ripening. well, they work month which stores the hopes, so to see if i'm not to this when i'm talking of course it was clear to me from the outset that the micro climate in particular would be altered by the protected conditions. the specifically that it would be cool or under the photovoltaic system during the day, but that at night the temperature would be slightly higher due to social radiation lies to who to time. in other words, that the semi transparent modules would naturally change both the light qualities, tend intensity with intensity to try and put some of the difference is caused by the altered climate of conditions. under the modules surprised the scientists. in the 1st year, you see a gas to observe that the volume is produced, more leak surface area. this is i can use in against attributed. excellent. this is actually a completely natural reaction on the part of the plans of trees. there's less light

is available, they respond by increasing the amount of area used for light absorption, so they produce larger liter. another observation was that the modules altered the distribution of water in the vineyard during and after a rainfall, apparently in favor of the thirsty vines. as the lessons of the fun it's, we saw that moisture in the system last it's much longer as of a photo voltage modules above the vines, keep them mostly drawn. and then up between the modules where there's a gap, it rains in that system. and after that water hits the ground, it remains there longer guide on the left of the board and on the head successful. it's been a few days if not weeks since the last rain and in the control area, everything is dried out again. let's look here. the soil is still moist and for the kids the project is successful. could agricultural landscapes one day disappear beneath high tech structures covered by photo voltaic or res, instead of plastic sheeting, like in southern europe,

concierge finished yet in that gig, we'll see this. there were islands of solar cells here in this area, not covering everything but islands, where of hikers know they can shelter from the scorching sun. okay. then that would be something i would find very attractive as a tourist. if i knew i could always find a patch of shade and an island of biodiversity in the one where i could charge my cell phone or my bike battery. and that would also be an option that will offline via yelton and whoops, which card fine growth yielded important findings for the scientists. but now they're also curious to see what delayed ripening under the modules means for the taste and sugar content of the freshly pressed juice, or must more sunshine currently drives the sugar content of the grapes here so high that the resulting wine contains a lot of alcohol the system could bring back traditionally dry low alcohol reasonings. thank you again,

what is the fermentation is just coming to an end. so it still has a lot of intense aromas. fiedler intensive at the home. yeah. so yeah, which is that's, that's difficult. what we're trying to do with this system is to turn reasoning back into the wine. it used to be one of the called. our hypothesis is that if we achieve a delay in ripe in there, and then we'll achieve a profile, perhaps more similar to the reasoning we used to know back in the older kaden on us . that's why those debit come photo bottex and fit a culture, an opportunity to create one that's fit for the future. and that harks back to the past of the world famous german riesling which could otherwise sunday, disappear due to climate change. when that about fines technology. that's like dw signs is now on take talk. what do fun? why do gravitational ways?

when did people begin getting high and laughing gas out? the drums boogie to the beads. and what's the passa king footboard find? find the on says gets most dw science own new tick tock channel. the climate change isn't only having an impact on plans. carlos, for instance, of badly affected as well. most recent files of years old. but now environmental degradation and climate change a threatening to destroy them within the next few decades. warming waters have hit karl's hauled, now blue planets reese play a vital role in the help of many of the species. the destruction has not called effects for marine predators and pray alike these tides, this eco systems also provide

a key feed source for millions of people worldwide. is the still time to save them . coal rates, unlike any way else on us home to mind blowing, bio diversity in the world. recession with red dots. here are they covered less than one percent of the ocean floor, but they actually support over a quarter of all marine life bill chee training animals. couple 100 culls. oh, a great deal of that magic. i'm that beautiful color to a complex co operation between organisms. how do you live in the products tissue and provide nutrients to the coal in exchange for protection? but this kind of cut team, what is on the rent from climate change, c o 2 emissions dissolved in the seas, making what is more acidic and weakening coal skeletons. and that's no sol

as global temperatures, so called re suffer through as a more frequent and intense ocean heat waves. extreme temperatures caused the audi to produce home full chemicals. prompting the coal polyps to kick them out. this is cole bleaching with vibrant products, tend white from heat stress, a process that can eventually prove fatal. and global warming is already driving fast bleaching events. today, in the eastern caribbean, the goal was to find a balance protecting culls and other ecosystems, while still enabling tourism and fishing fig sample in specific areas. the funds that the community was so involved in the designation the design of these areas. that is why it was so successful that are also plenty of ways to enhance conservation methods like these take pain underwood to silence to look back fish

for one slightly surprising example. and that is evidence that by protecting reese from local stresses, marine protected areas, build resilience in the face of ocean, a certification and rising temperatures. so we have to have multiple strategies in it as inter marine protected areas. face is lizzie mccloud, who's global cultural rates, lead at the nature conservancy, such as like lizzie, going one step further in the quest to help rates resist climate change by investigating how to actually toughen couple rates. and so some of the, the strategies people are using is, are taking corals that are, we call it stress hardens. so they're better able to deal with ocean warming and actually transplanting a moving down from those areas to other areas with the hopes that they'll pass along that traits and they're all spring and help the coils in that new area of be better able to cope with warming,

one way of doing this is to find naturally heap of system colors that have survived told what is the full and transplant them from one base to another. and these are the only cutting edge techniques, such as using the teams hoping to not just tossing up cold rates as a whole. but also the individual calls themselves in my research, mostly focusing on increasing the tolerance of carl. so he's, this is ecological geneticists, madeline find open matter lines, looking at a range of approaches to make colors more resistant to rising temperatures, for example, selectively breeding, to tough it out the toilet animals. or alternatively, tinkering with the out the that give color them back colors to mark for all get a live inside the carl dishes, we can take them out of the coral. and most of these company cultures in the lab, and in the left we can increase the rate by which the cell gate equals madeline.

use this approach to create heat resistant hockey, which when put back in polyps, created more heat assistant carlos. so if we combine all these approaches, is that it will we be able to save these unique eco systems from crime it change. if we implemented every tool in our toolbox today from marine protected areas, reducing pollution using some of these more active interventions, stress hardening or manipulating the genetics of corals. it will not be enough to save corey's if we do not reduce emissions that is absolutely central. the truth is that coal respond incredibly sensitive to wyoming motors in 2018 the into governmental panel on climate change. one. but even if the well, the limits global warming to 1.5 degrees, cold res could declined by 90 percent. if temperature is increased by 2 degrees,

that figure is 99 percent or higher. but the well talk by more than the even face given emissions passed. if we don't fight to stop climate change, the fight to save cold reef is doomed. not in the distant future, but within just a few decades. couple of weeks could be the fast ecosystem entirely lost to the climate crisis. environmental decisions around the world. whether that's reducing plastic use or limiting global warming, could make all the difference for the future of the world's race. even though they remain family anchored to the c bed, coal rece play an existential role in the development and reproduction of many migrate to re animals. have you heard about a new report from the un convention that attracts the most vulnerable migrate to reach species on land c, an s?

it provides a so brain picture of the current flight of a one and finally the close to extinction. the list of species and the threat includes wall chemicals and various c tassels. and also a very special migrate to re shock this week few a question. it comes from ro, hey leo, g, l, and mexico. the do whale sharks migrate. the notice the gentle giant sip, the see the largest fish on the planet, the they like seville and populate tropical and sub tropical voters. but we get to see them very rarely while shock speed on plankton that's built to fetus. they stuck in some 6000 liters of water in our field throughout the food and expelled the accessible through. with atkins,

they migrates and set to food and congregate. that particular hot spots. one of the best known as the main glue reef of west and australia. the whale shocks migrate to every spring when the car rolls on and fos quantities of eggs and carlos spun, attract the crew and plank 10 the molten full 100. while shocks come together on your lead for this method should be the natural spectacle summit truck smokeless and diamonds. sending glee reef office, one of the best opportunities to get up close to these giant creatures which grow up to 18 meters long. the maybe while shocks are so relaxed because they have the cities scan in the animal kingdom like a fingerprint. each whale shock has a unique to enough spots and stripes the

to help identify the animals. a database was created with photos taken by divers and tourists called the wilds books while shocks the photos around the lives by specially to sign software. originally developed for the hubble telescope, adopted for the new pappas stalls in the night sky, and the markings on a whale shocked form similar patterns. the data shows that the number of whale shocks coming to mingle leave his crime note for the yes. 2 hours have 3 come, have several times satellite transmit to low reset, just to track individual whale sharks, migration rates. and they offer new insights into the behavior of the still relatively mysterious giant fish. they migrate much further than we long thought.

the current record is held by this female while she will accept her from panama and cross the pacific ocean, the 235 days, there was no sign of g. maybe she been hidden away in the ocean depths before she finally returned to the surface after a migration more than 20000 kilometers the y. if you have a special science question, send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we on the street on the show, we'll send you a little present as a thing to come on just task that . so for now, thank you for watching tomorrow today and to join us again next week for another

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w. 2 souls. peruvian homeland is being threatened by climate change and police are melting, is making it worse. so lawsuit against r. w e one of the world's biggest c o 2 emitters symbolizes his fight against all climate defenders. and winnings could change the world to stop in 75 minutes on d w. the kid turkey is changing. 6 years ago, he said he can't get any was, but it does guardians of truth. this time excel jim, this john, do not meet the voices of the 3 turkey alter as the ad one has his 3 into exile. i knew the police would search my house courageous people are trying to stem the

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the this is the w news live from the codes. european soldiers soon be fighting in ukraine president emanuel, my call is not rolling it out. the french liter pledges mult military support for t, but a conference in paris and says, you're must continue to do everything it comes to prevent russia from winning the war. also coming up from the program types for us, the spot and gaza us president joe biden says he thinks a deal between israel and hamas can be reached by next week in time for the muslim holy month of ramadan and sentence to life behind bars. the head of

a violent drug cartel in the netherlands is found guilty.