up next, the dw documentary explores the microscopic worlds of air born plaintive, stay with us. the name is the calls back, said, wow, thank you so much for joining in. welcome to don't hold a bad. a lot of people do that. it's all about saying it aloud. next, would it be nosy bay like good everyone to kings. check out the award winning called com. so hold back. we live in a well surrounded by and take lance of gases and want to make up the on site must

be a shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. and these lands on teeming with life insects seats, pawn and bacteria floats in the atmosphere. similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currents, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind, a cold arrow plank. and for several decades, ero biology is focused on these organisms, the. it's a branch of biology that's long been under appreciated era biologists study the movement of life in the atmosphere, whether the tiny organisms in a cloud, the rain dropped or in the cost of a desert wind. learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio diversity health and the climate. understanding how they influence sign lives and the global animal and plant well is

increasing the importance. swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch. can mysterious ecology is to be a for the discoveries just waiting to be discovered. the one that i place you on the, to the one to, to receive up here, you have the feeling you're far away from everything that's presented to the. but that's exactly the point we want to find out if this life at this altitude and what time, what are the zip all of either 10 men, you have a book in there. circling, constructed on the wind, is blowing at about 20 kilometers per hour on. so a particle travel is a remarkable 20 kilometers per hour. sounds like you to minutes. let's click on see the yeah, i'm a to at the institute of chemistry oakland mall fell in central. france wants to

learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. today he's on this time it's up to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. he's setting up time tom trunk, set the observatory traps on essentially vacuum cleaners the comp chat, the dice. select the tiny apple and travelers when p i'm a to looks into the skies. he knows that anything bought empty the atmosphere around this is bustling with life. to skate on his list, 5th, the under. so now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface . ok, so the mirror image of the ground best. we also know that most fits all very dynamic considering that it's moving and makes things so mean all day of today wins. sweep over all of the surfaces, stuttering apple types of particles, but lifeless and living there and feasible to the naked eye. but it constantly

around us. these particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tense on the ground. of the the aerosols, brian's about forests. they can contain leaf dunst, poland, moans, and bacteria. the pseudo volume. so phone, imagine beyond cubic center when it's windy mixed together to form a clinical footprints of this forest the, which spreads across the whole land. very so they bone while some of the major cities as the over a meadow. there might be grass clippings, small insects, and minuscule traces of sheets for over a highway. a cloud might form of tie of particles, we will, droplets,

and fine dust. high altitude winds mix the arizona and transport them far away. the this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms and the arrow penton sweat to long body and conference. the place data boucher and manuela paula shay welk at the national research institute of agriculture, food and environment. in the plan. in west and fronds, they're collecting samples from this on the line structure positions in the middle of the fields. it's essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. there's a strong as though from the trap. the position in uh does not do it though,

if it by exact ammonia in a good 12 meters high, then on or 40 feet to be exact because it's an english model. it was metal. and in this, at the depth to lay, we don't want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground. don't look rather oregon. so that, that works. went into the air schools, those and travel greater distance point. they don't send it on there to do it. it is a long since that that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region you're putting on this keyboard. what's to do and also nicer. a wednesday who is very good news. there are even lifeline says he wrote, this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. so the laundry is don't in isms an arrow painted. and they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters, depending on their size and the wind speed. the trap socks and everything. but

policies by agricultural scientists use the results to warn the fall. most of clouds of a fade, so the past the trap operates. oh yeah. around the cock is this is really a lot to it's because it's a sunny day. you pull it up. i mean i'm m as in a site. ok. another one is hiding. last guess, you know, run another a beat leaf if it, the beatles and flies, fox, even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the invisible ariel by swelling above us. the comes on medium uh about just as the account myself as an allergy and small presentations in the seat that 2 cubic meter of air above our heads contained so many different organisms of that, that included support on your call and bacteria preventive,

but also small insect spider is like daily basis and it is on say, design you to tell the organisms, right the wins like flying compet the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. and to so find the we've known about the existence of arrow painting for nearly 200 years. which is

naturalized charles darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the galapagos in 18. 35. the spiders were entangled in the ship's rigging many miles from shaw. and in the 2nd tom for the 19th century, french scientist louis past due proved through a series of experiments. the particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal tassels. as to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology, tuberculosis, and strikes meningitis around that time. scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. a new branch of science was born and wrote biology. scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that $55000.00 bacteria were found in the bustling, dilute as a by lee in paris. but on the $7600.00 were found among the trees in a box. in the swiss alps the hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only

$25.00 bacteria. the then there was the work of legendary pilot charles lindbergh in the 19 searches he attached and it the soup divines to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada. collecting a variety of fungal, expose, poland, and micro algae. the samples supported the pieces that living things can survive long distance and travel at high altitudes. but in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity. the organism suspended in yeah, was somewhat forgotten. the ingredients in satellite imagery, we kindled interest in the late 20th century. a scientist discovered unbelievable

amounts of suspended micro organisms. she was looking to push the also i love the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture. you see that it's carried away with the air flow. it's the same in the atmosphere. now. the mass of these particles is so small that once airborne, they stay there and follow the f. o is the last few of the cool down. fuss while to lack researchers the inter continental transport of desert task. he says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing on the task. rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. these gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. aero biologists spend realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone.

no, but suddenly i met you on, you know, i don't know just contains not only mineral matters, but in some cases also living organic material to give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. i'm, you know, as soon as the test is, keeps out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to complete the new place, then this, which will be the, it's easy for a bacterium, fungal spa, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight the dead winds does up grains of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of johnston, micro organisms, a sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers. will go up. we'll see what we can track this task over long distances,

also to see if we see a satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over the so hard as a within several hours. the cloud grows and starts moving to the area. i will say, don't, don't, i'll fast forward, there's will 3 tell what goes set to close mazda pursue days later, you can see these huge dust masses reaching the atlantic ocean here. this, with a few days later, they're already over western france. it will cuz they'll likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia, a precaution was showing us coordinated ex, weather conditions high and low pressure areas. boom and cold and current. either pull the task booms in or blow them away, they foam and highways, but circle the, the

kilometers take tasks, cloud can cross the atlantic within a week the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of life. the book to the jail. no matter contains chemical elements, and in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. this increases the sofas or the tail. the tiny organisms, an arrow pointing tone, travel incredibly long distance. they said high altitudes. but how do they travel and how do they affect the ground the accomplish micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on us of the

body. the immediate cas emmanuel is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition and its connections to climate change. he's working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere and almost with a key science by his research is in the spanish baronies the to see the just see you the, i guess coming from out of the 2 dimensions of the metal. we're at an altitude of over 2000 meters, where there's little interference from local air pollution. i'm losing better so we

want to capture micro organisms that's right in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office instead of going through them done a lot more so that you'll be going to do this on. we gathered rainwater in a collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. we collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i don't know one of them which, which, which, which, which, which the most part people us get the most i can hear. you can see the particle. so like, you know, what's the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and most of you i, in the, in the part of the plus one is that because there are organic particles like bacteria, it fund guy holland but also in organic ones like clay silicates, can minerals that come from far away is almost because he's been in front of them

with us. what are some of those things as well here, and could be just from africa, for example. the 3rd, which was transported them yet mysterious system was washed out by the rain and the light. that's what we're capturing here. the water is probably running. there are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this filter means it means that the me unit in griffin is these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cut through out of history, once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a significant impact on ecosystems, some bacteria and help boost pond gross, by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil and recycle dead organic matter. viruses and microscopic modes regulate animal and plant life. so let me throw

and these will stick when they'll gain when these micro organisms land in. they can colonize new habitat. we, when she spends an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that i'm the, allowing them to colonize the entire planet. there's small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is whatever and create new life in some other solid of somebody that'll be the media. cast them i, yours teams started micro organisms in rain, walter the years and with the help of weather data trace, the arrow pine comes pathways. the scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent, the streams of arrow pine come came from and they discovered some remarkable patton's of the in the summer ero plank, tom tends to be local. it rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe.

above the city is rivers and lakes. but in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine to him come primarily from the atlantic ocean, bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains. already had left the middle resort that it was going to be un, what you better when we analyze the initial results of storm xavier and june, we noticed in trends that recur annually, this was an amazing discovery. how is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year? they see those up, but it's gonna be moving. we know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. here are some plants growing the spring of this growing the summer months and the cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere. so used to speak last time, you know, quarter in, and i'm with of the streams of arrow pine tone and not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason. the microbial mazda is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons. just like

bands, flowers and bumblebee, the but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat among the multitude of microbes circling the skies a some the to um say that humans can microscopic ero pint on. make us sick. the on the planet food will fly need yes. most of the people used to talk about my as medic. x relations when it came to airborne diseases or prevention was impossible. back then, the method of transmission wasn't really unknown because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. you know, some of the, the failed to submit this real nice old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick,

has some truth to it. we now know that all microbes and viruses floating into yeah, which can infect humans, animals and plants, but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. with the help of the wind over several kilometers, a dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia . the many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil, a microscopic ticking time bombs, the shopping. you visited the visual, put those in a symbol. there are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy is quite easy to look . hospitals are mindful of this because when soil and send a move during construction workers and their adverse wins, this is ask for a deal of sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic. oh

no, no need for you. well, does it to them? you don't need to be, she's of the genus as forgiveness. i found everywhere. you're including in the atmosphere acute on it. if they appear in large amount, they're dangerous to him. you know, compromise, i think, gross, me the degree of what we need to manage the science as shown. pathogens can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distance is of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven . the font that isn't solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a long distances of several 100 kilometers the filters in for them to those few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very long

distance is so question deals at the corona virus was studied in the laboratory football nobility, and it turned out it's very sensitive to alex to yeah, of course, does uv radiation and dryness quickly kill and render a virus harmless when it's suspended in the air outside optimal vital truth. if i didn't think of it, the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. it's trying to see the box. google cool and hold on to the activity. but there's a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly with some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because they're mostly dead. the only most we're talking about traces of genetic material. so spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not live viruses this into a box, the lives of people. the men say look, you know, it's very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick. a lot. it takes

a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have strong defense and most likely to always low level who follows the organs immune systems. vigilant napa, the last most infectious diseases today transmitted by a different kind of and pump the way through our planes. passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. in spring time, poland takes its turn on this giant and carousel pollen grains produce themselves. they often travel far and wide, and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. this is beneficial to many living beings. the

little med johnny, the poland grains couldn't break releasing irritants, but make poland allergy is a widespread problem. of the at the university of little in france, you called on a visa and now the usual on studying poland. they've captured from the yeah. they're examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter air pollutants in the sky over the report. let me adjust this the live. what are the they are in the x to is this, this poland has truly exploded on the national to credit. they don't. this is the

sample from the books. poland sees it could help cause that's where you can float the pole in this practice. so in this rate, what is what is a subset? so mock want that it's deflated the, their protective membrane is really shredded. if they how long they should get this of the weather and for the next week to see it will sneer, we see the broken falling of which lost its original reproductive function. you can also see the release of the small particles, which are dangerous for people with asthma and stuff like walker's. it's immeasurable because i'm truly confident and of course not all pollen greens in the atmosphere are shown here, has to mole our job is to count them difficulty. what's the percentage of damage grain designing? so not a harmful to how it's curious because they seem to get some support. i sulfate

the research is one to bank to understand what happens between a poland grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere. so that recreating this interaction in the power train, the appalling is intentionally damaged. why do you think so feeling i bought from the confidence interval rules are falling, must suffer. this is the revenge of people with allergies. if i start with a stream of ozone pulled into it, arrives here, and then i drop the fall and into i look into this makes the ozone molecules reacted with the surface of the fallen gram. but that's with interest to me in this experimental civic styles will jeep off of bundles and move it was on. sometimes we talk about good and bad o as old as the o zone in the upper atmosphere protects us from certain ultraviolet rays, if you and is therefore in good assistant, you will in the mail find out what ground level. oh, so it's in the lower layers of air where we live, which is a pollutant location explosion we'll put in the now expose the pole into a slightly higher dose. oh, so it's equivalent to

a peak exposure that happens in the summer time when there's a lot of air pollution as the bodies he subjects the polluted problem to a series of test. the intact appalling grain cannot enter longs. it's too large and is stopped by on nasal has. however, if the grain breaks it release is particles containing allergenic proteins. these can enter the brown kill tubes and trick outages. so asthma the researchers are subjecting the pollen to the kinds of stress may experience out in the wild want exam please rain, which typically causes the grains to explode. those problem that's purposefully polluted in the lab rupture more easily and want to unhealthy poland. now the issue out assessors how much of the opponent is damaged. ringback

the want you to introduce followed by a mechanical shock test. pulling that sweat dumped by the wind. can collide with buildings and windshields, especially in cities? and then what happens if he's a sense, healthy and polluted, poland, crashing against the surface in a pond to go measuring device. then he calculates the number of grains that have been ruptured sold to like put a show there, we found that air pollution, we can see the pole in green, so it's making it pro interruption. poly today is more likely to trigger asthma attacks is because it breaks more easily in the atmosphere a present to suggest the same measurement. we definitely will put that affects our footprint on a micro scale future quark or uh, i think our human activities have altered and polluted everything even though it's small scale. so do we compare us as a share actually on the goals that cling onto all the not released

from human activities? so deposit goals are released from com traffic by an oakside st. kind of manganese particles are released through industrial processes. scientists such as the beginning to understand the significance of arrow plant on to of the systems and its inhabitants and all the while humans continue to pollute the must be in the book. we do convert to force, you know, tomorrow we burn lots of fossil fuels for transportation, proceed do it for industry to, to discuss the food on us officer to, to ality for to i today. large buyers can be seen from space, for example, and also a functional. this is all new c o nice, you know, manage, old reforest. buyers are a common phenomenon triggered by global warming. always with walk. you mentioned to, to see call these fires. the release gas isn't particles into the atmosphere and

the skies above us, inhospitable. we're essentially burning down our planet attached. we burn coal oil and would the residential areas and daily activities generate huge amounts of particles and gas is such as carbon dioxide, me zane, and nitrogen oxides or the asthma speed as composition is radically changing. and that impacts aero pine tone major and conference even at risk. and then the system that i'm most of the atmosphere, x circulation includes several core doors, or flo highways that are influenced by low and high pressure areas because they determine the movement of air currents. and because they didn't get it in the field to this level use,

i don't know. it's ok. we now know that this circulation can be changed by climate change the or be monday. so the next 2 littles be in certain winds and currents that have been stable for hundreds or thousands of years can change and the tendonitis wouldn't impact ecosystem for and how organisms are destroyed. you simply have to that effect, the stainless, or least the knowledge of arrow biology is progressing new research questions that constantly explode scientists as long as him that micro organisms were passive during that journey through the atmosphere. the theory was that they effectively entered a sort of high donation by doing that time until returning to the ground mounted, it appears. some do manage to remain active, a walk and they do in such a hostile surroundings. that's one of the questions p. i'm a to is exploring on the pleated on, you know, val, now,

who's on the menu system on the new as of the cloudy weather today is great for cloud sampling. it's not yet freezing, but it almost feels like it don't call me. it says, this is the nice big cloud that will give us lots of samples on us from on envelope enabled the of the, at all, no thunder in the study. we're installing a drop put separator. it's essentially a cloud vacuum cleaner that we can use to collect the particles, these little cloud droplets better suspended in the air. to do that, then you guys also also know the push them against the surface so that they trickle down. because then we can position the bile underneath and collect them till the party connected on the 2nd floor for this and else pounds of floating water systems, the covers some 67 percent of the surface. for arrow paint on clouts off an

oasis. they're a source of want to as well as food, things to prom, debris in the water droplets. and when it rains, the arrow punk, don't get a ride back down to the ground. so inventive isn't back, take on my specific the vehicle. so then i want to know how it, bacteria lives in such a cloud. and i know you have huge amounts of droplets here. and there's roughly one bacterium, and every $10000.00 over him is that curia may be isolated from each other. do they interact with each other and if so, how, what does it like for them to be all alone? and are they all alone? or all they all gathered in one droplet and the surrounding space is bigger than we think it's in the office on the golf and also so i'll come on, i want to know how this life sustains itself because that's exactly what it does. that it's just about to up to 50 percent of bacteria in a cloud can be alive. they spend $3.00 to $10.00 days suspended in that. which

means there's plenty of time for something to happen. like old living things thanks area are constantly making different proteins to cling to adults to bond, to go to protect themselves from uv radiation or to produce digestive enzymes, researches all looking a townhome to to detect these tiny traces of life. a dirty phone. this was all in you as an adult and you as even some bacteria continue living in cloud, so they absorb nutrients like carbon and nitrogen as nutrients seal. do you also have a released c o 2 when they expire, the more that also molecules like sugars to better stick to surface and she'll 1st don't chat because of the that's ex, hopefully i'll see. you know, there are many possible interactions on somebody pointed out between a micro organism and its environment. the water droplets listed in the system

the, the incredible diversity of bacteria and phone guy in p. i'm a toes experiments, reflects micro bills life in the pounds. but life in yet is not easy. experts now believe that the atmosphere is not a habitat in the conventional sense. rapid sphere remains a transit station, a tiny organisms the some years ago. an astonishing discovery caused quietest among arrow biologists,

a bacterium known to be abundant in nature, ending clowns was set to be capable of producing right. bio precipitation was going to describe the rain making bacteria. a stunning revelation for people in the field of aero biology, meteorology, and agricultural science. as a most all day in southern france, cindy morris is researching the curious ability of these bacteria. its name, sued them on us so we can get the loaner ring. the can live on the surface of clothes, some clothes, disease. ok, me nowadays. generally, i can talk to the little experiment to show you what this bacteria does to plot. so

i get food fair. are they pumped cindy morris spray the outer leaves of these while the light is with a solution containing the bacteria, the leaves in the middle, when not, then the plant was placed in a freezer at a temperature of minus 6 degrees for a few minutes. all was good. you can see the prolonged tissue limits. the bacteria has froze. the and then draw. i don't think this a shape, but the tissue without the bacteria isn't 1st as all pseudo minus the ring gay bands bonds by freezing them. a gene in the bacterium makes a protein that can create ice crystals. it uses the crystals to destroy the palm samples and feed on them, as it's believe the when found in counts these

ice nucleation actors, bacteria speed up the formation of ice crystals which are essential for precipitation. it works in a test tube, at least to mon say so on, on the coupon on barco shows that everyone knows you come prepared, the ice cube trays for a policy at the last minute because it takes time. okay, you need an excessive rates. it's a for used falls, so calculus shows key. don't i don't have to incite this to you. i have a suspension. was bacteria if the speed these 2 to minus 3 for malta testing, but i'll show you what happens when i add some of it. is it just builds darrow, we'll just call the tube, the low, low display stereo. the

way as you can see, it's really the how does this phenomenon walk in the outside? well, is it possible for ice nucleation active bacteria to rise into the app from plants make contact with a cloud? and to activate this gene to phone rang drones. the fire precipitation seems promising. scientists are gaining a better understanding of how the founded sapp ms. they are connected to the ring

cycle and micro organisms like suit amount of searing, gay on that they measure heat sues. you measurements suggest that they can drive requirements rainy cycles depend that range today will affect the rain full of the future. cost through interaction, natural, raw swing and then class will yeah, it's a plot i'm micro organisms are using 5 y and they say it's most about the amount of right. yeah. these to top the frequency of rain, a bus or like quantity to pick you told me so that's like all spaces and a small frequent rainfall with the help of plans that provide the right bacteria to the atmosphere. cindy morris is part of an international team of researches who are imagining a new form of agriculture. they envision growing fond species in special fields designed to encourage the growth of ice nucleation active bacteria. perhaps

one day the special ero pants on organisms could even find droughts in certain areas. that's just one idea of how we could transform the weld if we pay more attention to these mysterious organisms in the yeah, the

the, to the points. strong opinions, clear positions, international perspective. with the nato alliance expanding into the high north and premises presidents mount cause thing, he can't rule outstanding ground troops. crane with get pulled into direct conflict with russia. find out on to the point to the point in 30 minutes on the w. welcome way, few of the world to straight to my bank balance,

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the, this is dw news lie from berlin. the kremlin spear says to critic alexei, nevada only is laid to rest in moscow. the thousands gather outside of the church in defiance of riot police. crowds bid farewell to the opposition leader who died in a remote arctic penal colony. the volume is buried in a sara cemetery near the river. so coming up, the european commission frees up a $50000000.00 euro payment to be you an agency for palestinian refugees. the funds .