love hate rivalry. looking at the complicated relationships between brothers and sisters. i'm always a chance. thanks for watching dw, the ice cold. plastic underneath. an expedition ventures on to places that no one has the climate research in the ice, the tasks march 3rd on dw, the ready holding on tight,

relying on each other. the vice site, siblings are high wire acrobats in this family. brothers and sisters have been working together for generations. when we're up there, it's special that we're brothers and sisters because i entrust my whole life to my family. i'm using my need close confidence or rivals. our siblings can serve as a mirror for us. i'd say even i'm be, they give you an image of what you'll like if you're constantly together for hours even years solving. for many, a sibling relationship is the longest of their lives. a strong time that hasn't been widely studied. we often underestimate the importance of sibling relationships to the

of the, a vital ball on the shapes, the days of these 2 sisters. indeed, their very lives depend on how well they work together as mean, and the highly advise high are high wire acrobats. together they perform at dizzying heights, spend a human hunch, nation time. someone has a bad day where is a little often, or a gust of wind come size. of course, you don't know how the other person will react to this, but there's a deep trust there anyway, and there's no doubting understood. i left a rehearsal for the 1st performance of the year of it. natalia up the artist from go to belong to germany's most famous high wire. true on the go the brothers andre, and pay to my he'll lead the troop. it's a family business on today's top. 10 from klein of the if you know each other well

from a young age and have a common goal, then it's a huge advantage to know each other super well. just because if we lift anything together, we do it in cooperation. in physical cooperation, we have one body with 2 heads up of its like a from a close sibling relationship that's been passed down for 6 generations. the old account get down sibling bonds. for many, they are part of everyday life. as of 2022, there are almost 14000000 children living in germany. more than 3 quarters of them have at least one brother or sister. every 4th child grows up without a sibling. proportion of only children is relatively constant. since 2015,

it has fallen slightly to a current 23 percent. the a lifelong balancing act in sibling relationships, rivalry alternates with affection. but how to siblings shape our lives ourselves? that's the subject, studied by switch psychologist is sick. he himself has an older sister. siblings slick calls them a training camp for personality month during the year to meet the kitchen east. on 3 big 2 young sluice the how, how you train other relationship happens with siblings that are fine. also other emotional pack them because it's more on a similar level on a more horizontal level and then with relationships between parents and children. it's more of a vertical relationship safety. so siblings also give you a lot of opportunities to develop social emotional, moral skills and all these of, in influences that naturally continuing to add old hosting to now and ultimately

even under certain circumstances until this late cisco throws tend to be some told by looking at the, just like university of teacher education, the psychologist research has the emotions involved in sibling relationships. the spectrum is wide, but 5 feelings are found again and again. intimacy in terms of emotional closeness, congeniality, a friendly, supportive relationship between equals loyalty, indifference and possibility. a recent study from israel shows sisters boards particularly close relationships. there are greater conflicts among brothers and the smaller the age gap between siblings, the more they see each other as rivals the same day most of the english and the rising elisa patent was which interestingly enough,

occur in old cultures and time. there is no one can read this in many earlier writing segments. and so of course, for quarreling fighting and comparing competing republicans, which by the way is no full bad thing. they move through rivalry. in comparison, one develops one sofa, the 3 commitments each vi, rivalry as driver of personal, the men in moderation. this seems to benefit siblings, dispute fisheries to be seen so extreme. i for seems to golf and on there was siblings who was so ex, dreamily jealous of each other, feel. so slices by the parents, they always presented as the races, but they attack the sibling massively organized. and in the worst case, they can even kill whole term, some greek culture, and at least rarely happens or the desk or the much more frequent variant is the children go through life and always have the feeling they've been short changes to the base main disadvantage, sky comments, i think pinole style,

more rivals for love for resources, for their own rank within the family. does birth order shape personality? is there any truth to all the cliches? for example, the oldest children are the responsible ones. is that right? yes to born and the 1st born are more conscientious compared to their siblings. but if you say how conscientious are people for their age, then the effect disappears. it has nothing to do with sibling position, but is purely an effective age. and the middle ones do sandwich, kids really get the short end of the stick. but sandwich can and there was always a big prejudice against sandwich children. enough. they are so disadvantaged which they are squeezed between the older and the younger children. and they suffer as a result and, and we think that this disadvantage can certainly exist, but we don't think that it has any effect on the personality of the children because of his protection. now. finally, the youngest,

the baby of the family spoiled and rebellious. but in this components in india and with the last born, we don't really find evidence in our studies that they are particularly rebellious or stand out in any other way. it could be, of course, that they are rebelling in some form and we just can't find a way to measure them to be home. by scientific standards. the sibling cons to lation has less than fluence on personality than previously assumed. this is the conclusion of a new large scale study by julia hall that the psychologist grew up with her cousin and has a younger half sister falsehoods, minutes and cliches about siblings for assessed. and have sometimes been reinforced by science to officially gift as much money. in fact, there are sometimes individual studies that confirm these stereotypes. because

however, the literature is extremely chaotic and performed. that is, for almost every study, there's another study with the opposite finding student. it says one big difference in the old studies is that the researchers handed out questionnaires of psychology students. and with that, if you try very hard, you get maybe 100 people together. that's, that's not a lot if you really want to look at small differences in the me, it, i'm so i'm interested to find the small differences. scientists need huge data sets . researchers at the university of live search have now reevaluated long term studies from germany. great britain and the us, they collect the data from more than 20000 adults. again. these numbers speak for themselves. first born, middle, or the youngest siblings are just not always, all the same. the only in intelligence does a pattern emerge. i q points dropped slightly from the 1st to the last child.

why? science has several answers to this question. kind of get people. there are some promising findings as to before the and the for example, because the suggestion that this is really about the 1st born child simply getting more attention, more encouragement from the parents. i'd be more active stimulation and so on and off to the on legal ones, the vita know idea that might explain this difference is that the older children are taking on a mentoring role for the younger children and one from 21 for the year old and can the name i see this with my older ones and she tries to explain things to her little brother. i think it's working in that doesn't really help him. he's only 8 months old. but you see that the older one has to think about what and how she'll explain things. the systems of items being a role model, learning from each other, in many ways, siblings benefit from each other. but a recent behavioral economics study from denmark has now revealed for women who grew up with younger brothers. it doesn't pay they earn up to $400.00

euros less a year, then women with younger sisters. and they choose lower paid jobs in education and to care more often perhaps the difference in income is related to the gender roles they learned as brothers and sisters. the i mentioned this most produced officially ocean into this one mechanism for which there is empirical evidence. different is that there is actually a division of labor within the family. so at the moment when there are girls and boys in the family, you sometimes have to decide who is looking after whom, who is helping home, who is involved in which activity even to see and what happens when both sexes are present and is that the girl perhaps accompanies the mother and helps them other in the kitchen. and the boy tends to do activities with the father that might give you 2 months. identifying patterns over coming in, grain, sibling, rules,

science can help. so can awareness. that'd be nevada grew up as an only child. she has 6, have siblings the professor of education head, the german youth institute in munich, she studies the dark side of sibling real lation ships, arguments violence and bullying in school, yards and on. social media as well researched among brothers and sisters. however, it's long been a blind spot that's on divers. fist on guns is the fact that very similar phenomena also occur among siblings and was not for a long time really focused on that. the physical sciences, especially among young children and also the teasing bullying leading the other for something they didn't do. accusation at the whole range of ugliness that can exist

in relationships. there's caisen. this gave them kind of input to estimates very widely. 15 to 50 percent of children suffer because they are bullied or abused by their siblings. often with lifelong consequences. the researchers at the german youth institute had been advising policy makers and administrators for decades. they also worked on the german government's family reports. new family models are getting more attention, have siblings step siblings and patchwork families. but what has long been part of everyday life is difficult to grasp scientifically gotta in state farm means instead of building relationships are awesome, particularly complex in steps, families where there is only sporadic content is not, there is, there is of course, not much chance for them to really grow together. however, children often experience the relationship with new siblings as an enrichment. it has to be said, the children are often less and complicated than parents to sit as

a ton. children are affected by divorce and separation. about one in 10 families in germany is a patchwork family. new life partners with children from previous relationships are sometimes joined by new children from the new relationship a google markets and paulina are patchwork sibley's. in the beginning, they weren't as easy going as they are today. i didn't like him. i didn't like her either. i knew i always forgot his name. i still forget as a model. for me, it was a bit weird because i had to make friends with someone us. i'm gonna find most the hell to issue like i was honestly a bit afraid of you. we pretty much hated each other. sundays were like, no, not him again, sundays to avoid seeing him, i wouldn't even get up and look. biological siblings probably experience some of

the same feelings at that age. 2 year old who go is the joint child of patchwork, parents and natalie, popish and spend luca. the older children are both who goes have siblings 7 and 9 years older, respectively. and world a part in terms of child development. step siblings, paolina and move. it didn't move in together until they were elementary school age for the whole family, a high stakes experiment, isabel eg foods. when you those tests, they start 1st i wanted when it really was because from all hates of course it was a big change and he wasn't a tone interested in girls anyway. and then suddenly a step sister. but you just have to throw them in at the pent and see what happens . and it took a long time, but yeah, it's actually working quite well now as a tool that is who the arrived. we're even more of a family now. it's as

a family. it took a lot of patients and compassion living together did the rest. today, the patchwork siblings are a team and even if reality doesn't always match expectations, then when i can just buy something, when you're an only child, you don't know what it's like to have a sibling system. i've always wanted a sibling, but didn't know what was coming this. this is what i've got now. so i didn't expect it from strangers to siblings, so it wasn't a given that these 2 would form a close bond. data from the german family report shows step siblings may have fewer conflicts, but they also often have less to do with each other. and that fossil sykes

is reset shows to both childhood and adulthood. that step siblings awesome, have a somewhat less close boned off and the address being that, you know, stopping on. i've also when families do a lot of things together, children tend to have few problems as the rules. and there are also few problems between siblings that came from dias in a dental parents are also the architects of the sibling relationship established seal architects, or in this case, coaches natalia, vice hyde, and her brother max train. the next generation of artist 5 year old who will be and her brothers, charlie and lenny practice splits, then work on strength and endurance. and headstand natalie as children train 2 to 3 times a week. altogether by side, siblings have been living and working together for over 120 years. now put your

legs. sounds done to it sideways like that. the roles within the family are always changing. marks used to be the baby of the family. then he became an uncle just then we've got a completely different way of dealing with each other. now that they're a little one, he's the full. i was the little one that but now i'm old enough to tell the kids what to do. so when the way i grew up with natalia, had children how to connect to to go to mind can not why wouldn't trust my children to any of my siblings without hesitation and without fear that they would mess up their education or treat them unfairly to see how your brother does it, you watch the stretch, your feet are comparing, competing to measuring one's own skills against those of others. all of this is part of everyday life for the vice side. siblings. ringback but the brothers and

sisters don't want to be bid arrivals, not even the youngest one, the decline of the little one sometimes just wants to be like the big one. and the big one also needs reassurance that he is the bigger want you come on this, but they look after each other very well. even if they often argue equipment, they also make sure that no one gets a raw deal as with the kids as the and the children see how we adults treat each other. and they realize that we are siblings to this doesn't. maybe that's where a lot of it comes from here. what the high wire acrobat says about her experiences is confirmed by new research, sibling relationships play in a central role in identity formation. brothers and sisters serve as people we can project onto. and as role models, just as important siblings make it easier to differentiate ourselves. you can try things out on them for a lifetime. and they will still be your sibling. utilize the child come on ski and

you can do a lot with charlie and with siblings in general. and that's why i run off to charlie most of the time, which he finds in knowing the vision though, it's the same with me. yes, it'd be boring with no siblings and so would you do things with us because our parents rarely have time. is it and push side and a family business. it can be difficult to separate private and professional matter . it was the other people at the end of business goes badly. it affects everyone in today. an emergency meeting. bookings have been spotty. i said after the career, the years on festivals and art shows are only slowly getting going again. and there's something else troubling the siblings. so, max natalia and yes, me and have another brother who left the high wire true a few weeks ago. if he doesn't inches, i'm leaving vines a few would many things about this life would too much for himself. who must be and

then as he got older, it became more and more difficult for him to do what he did. and on the whole, it didn't surprise me that much at that moment it did, and i think, but when i thought about it afterwards, i think it was the best decision he could have made inside of. and that's why i'm not so sad about that. so it's, it's always to him as we appear. it's, well, it's very, very difficult for me. it's basically like a separation just to create a piece breaks away and it is not easy for me. yeah. i know it's going to be hard. the whole year was just hudson, but that's just the way it is. i wish for my brothers happiness and and everything else must just come with time. lucy, type thing in the course of their lives. siblings are sometimes more, sometimes less close. psychologists talk about a euchre, great closeness in childhood, distance and puberty. the distance is greatest when the focus is on career, partnership and one's own children. in old age, the sibling bond often becomes closer again. behavioral patterns created

by sibling relationships can affect all areas of life, but they often go unnoticed. to counter this, you'd fake advisors, school psychologists, and his practice. he also offers trainings for teachers. understanding sibling dynamics can improve teaching and learning. he says, in the classroom or later in life, in the office to taking brothers and sisters into account helps solve conflicts. they get assigned and tried to use this. i think this is still in the collected issue. the people often don't have time to old. they're in the middle of school psychology assessments. for example, gym, they just take a quick look into how things at school, how things with the parents. and if you don't pay attention to siblings and those in there. and in many cases, siblings can play an important role. so if you don't take that into account, that's malpractice in my view as minus a stay close to it's,

it's brothers and sisters really do have such a strong influence. what does that mean for children who grow up without siblings or the cliches about the only child? true. are they really selfish, spoiled? even anti social? listen, we don't find any systemic personality differences. there are studies that even find slight advantages that the only child has a slightly better academic performance to begin with anyway on slightly higher self esteem, but no elevated narcissism most. it is often said that an only child is at a physical disadvantage. that's actually had switch may have in fact it has often been consent that children who grow up with siblings or health via an only child has a higher risk of being overweight. presumably that's just a great to lack of exercise. now, of course on the visuals,

i'm more the for running and romping. these 2 will probably always have a companion. the twin girls are just 25 hours old. they were born here at 2 begins university hospital, my so sorry, infection. the father is glad that his daughters and their mother are all doing well. and that is twins can look forward to a lifelong sibling relationship. he's a little jealous. in fact, i can't. i'm in own a child and that's how i grew up. i'm was raised, but i also felt a bit alone. you know, you'll never be alone with a twin. you'll always have someone to play with. they'll help you in school. just always having someone bio site is very, very valuable for that. i hope it stays that way for life. and i think the twins also have a special relationship. this on that as a head,

as the regular siblings and fraternal twins, share about 50 percent of their dna. the genetic blueprint of identical twins on the other hand, is almost exactly the same researchers in tubing and want to take advantage of this and are studying twins to better understand the common diseases. which health problems are already anchored in the genes and which are generated by external influences. the researchers are pursuing a classic question. nature or nurture doesn't to sunset as much release, dusty, so using it and what's on the interesting thing is that the twins in the room already have a very similar environment or then they will live in a similar family environment later on and have a similar diet home, so it is very exciting to see how the children develop and we couldn't for example, if they are identical, they have everything in common. how does, how then the question is of course, solution to are there still differences simple until she don't?

forever connected twins are special and rare. in 2021 out of just under 800000 birds in germany. only around $13000.00 pairs of twins were born a share of just about 1.7 percent. today, twin brothers christopher and sebastian hammond are putting themselves at the service of science with on the interesting in the position has 2 younger brothers and heads . the twin, health research project and university hospital in tubing and several studies from different disciplines converge here all relating to twin health. the project has established the only large scale twin cohort with a medical focus in germany. nearly 1000 pairs of twins participate,

a specialist in psycho matic medicine wants to find out which factors can lead to eating disorder order problems like irritable bowel syndrome. the brothers take a stress test with e k g measurements for this purpose. they're separated, so they don't influence one another. good. then get started here, not so the dentist should be, you know, we have almost identical genes here. but since these identical twins no longer live together, we have different environmental factors to an item. so we have standardize this one factor, so just being forwarded on our but we can examine the environmental factors separately because on the and we don't have to relate to donate to diseases. but we can also find out the environmental factors that play

a role in and how and you focus on type i don't want to be in. this is something that is very important to understand that we can possibly also apply to non twins feeling about the heart of non twins. meaning all of us. if the influence of genes or the environment on various diseases is clarified, everyone could benefit from more effective drugs and therapies. on the vast angle aims to present his initial results by the end of 2023. the, for the brothers. the study is an occasion to consider what separates them apart from the 10 kilometers that live between their homes. i ask, you tend to be the common 1, may not quite so, but other than that, we're pretty similar to teams in the mostly as a to in your las individual. so you're always often only perceived as a twin, and that's sometimes maybe also negates it almost unfit otherwise in school and so

on. i think we've had more advantages and disadvantages because these twins class, the ends of the hama, share a plus in life above average athleticism when it comes to physical fitness. and there are some things we can influence ourselves while others are genetically predisposed. like a person's maximum oxygen uptake during athletic exertion. this characteristic for insurance performance is strongly pre determined by gene escape. i know that there are other fitness variables, but they are not as well started as, for example, the lack take fresh on to form. it is assumed that the influence of genetics is somewhat blast, which means that i can more clearly influence this through trainings and come at the elect, a threshold. the muscles begin to over us to define they tire and burn among other things, sports positions, record. when this point is reached for class,

the ends of the home on probably later than for others. both sisters played competitive sports until recently you don't have what you taught our sports and competitions, but we're never direct competitor on the back kind of stuff. i think in general as twins, you don't think like that we will also together in school and in the same cost. and even then where it's about grades, not the tools that the system, then you are happy for the, the old stuff with, with the as another. but we didn't have a competitive mentality. coincidence, or conscious decision plot. i excelled and rhythmic gymnastics, the fee, and that has half along or this spare the sisters direct competition, at least in the sports arena, that after all, many pairs of twins can't avoid comparison. i'm speech to get pulled, has been a very important point. i am not totally passing x y one,

but i am festival a twins. these are the side to certainly has positive as well as less favorable aspect on goods. because as i said, and that can also lead to things like competitiveness hoping that is, what can i do better than the other half was wanting to be better than the other that can spur you want drive you to a peak performance like old dot hunting and his younger brother, kristof and close succession, each one and a limpid gold medal in the discus. but the sporting competition was too much for the brothers. years of radio silence followed the xbox family in berlin. fully as 3 years older than her 14 year old brother's life and events. the siblings get along well. but the fraternal twins bond is particularly close to the twins or like cats and dogs sometimes. so for one thing, they somehow can't do without each other. they fall asleep in the same bed quite

often and are quite close to. but they also managed to provoke each other constantly. a home visit with lena vega, the social scientist has 2 older sisters. researchers like her have been visiting the family for nearly a decade to conduct interviews or take saliva samples for genetic analysis. the 3 siblings and their parents are part of the twin life study. the long term study aims to design for the reasons for social inequality, which has a stronger influence, jeans, or the environment. and how did these factors evolve over time? once within, off and my dna doesn't change during our lifetime. but you can think of it like a light switch, flushed and environmental stimulus happens, and the gene activities attend on or off. it's not too much to cause change and with the help of saliva samples that we have obtained. we can also address such questions in the futures, just carton in circles on game. each twin answers questions individually.

the sociologist wants to learn as much as possible about the twins lives to mention because sometimes i can't sleep because of the problems at school. in 12, and it's for an education and career integration and participation the questions and to clarify which factors influence social inequality to one in bonds. 24325. such interviews are conducted once a year. nationwide with some 2000 families. the twins have pretty clear ideas about how they are different from scottish thompson. my brother contacts the tool icon play soccer very well in terms of school. i'm not so good at math. i'm not, but my brother is very good at mine, not to can such differences be traced back to genes. initial findings do indeed

show that educational success depends not only on the parental home, but also on predisposition. a bunch of stuff isn't stack. i do need to some things i'm most strongly genetically determined. for example, it has been discovered that cognitive abilities are strongly genetically determined . that doesn't mean you have this gene, and that's how it's going to be on, on the other things that we call self and skills like self esteem, how brave you are, can be most strongly conditioned by the environment that stick up on the inside come. in addition to identical and fraternal twins, the study also looks at parents and siblings when it comes to deciphering the mechanisms of social inequality. every perspective is important as captivity. i think the relationship with my brothers is very mix community to have that. and we all have our own private lives. so it's more like

a shared flattens and we see each other. we know each other and we do things together. but it's more like, yeah, everyone does their own thing for buying things. dollars, sibling relationships. you can't choose them or can you the modern medicine makes possible what was long on thinkable. a child is selected from the petri dish in order to serve as a genetic match for an older brother or sister. after all, the new baby is being created to save the 6 siblings life. they're called rescue brothers and sisters. jamie whittaker, now 20 from england, is one such a rescue sibling, stem cells from his umbilical cords, blood were able to cure his seriously little brother, charlie. there's nothing really odd about it,

it's just you are being able to help someone who is in your family and obviously you will, you'll do it. and then uh what it is that as the child me on charlie was still poppy together. he's. he's back to the there's, there's no real downsides to when jamie was born, charlie was 4 years old. the family still keeps in touch with the doctor who helps save charlie's life. for parents, michelle and jason, the doctor is a hero. others consider mohammed task on the see one of the most controversial figures in artificial insemination and pre implantation diagnostics. but what would have been the alternative charlie suffered from severe chronic a media and treated? it would be fables, right? so they said your child will probably die buddies, 14. and you can have no more children's because you probably carriers of this of

this disorder. so that's a, you know, that's a, that's quite a, a big show impact on your life when your 2826. and it's your 1st child. so, so it was, was hard, very hard. and it still makes me cry 2020 hits left. so they needed to find a stem cell donor for terminally ill charlie, but they couldn't find one. the whitaker is wanted to have another child anyway. they say, this time however, it had to be healthy and the donor match. that's how jamie came into this world. after a genetic test by artificial insemination and the situation. and so yeah, of course it is a very, very specific process to wish for a sibling to cure another child. and at the moment the procedure with rescue siblings is not permitted in germany for medical ethical reasons. i don't think we know that much about the long term consequences,

yet as far as feelings of guilt or gratitude are concerned, things like that. and which, with which of course, play a big role should be done not to reach the goal. so on the brother say that for them there is no question of ethical concerns or being a burden. charlie and jamie focus on how lucky they are to have each other. they liked a joke about their relationship. huh. yeah. sometimes they have a joke like, oh, i opt you out, you gotta, you gotta help me out with this. so just as long as lines, say if he needs picking up somewhere in the call, because i'll get you a new one. and it's just a little comes continually to be a running joke, charlie and jamie seem comfortable when it comes to dealing with their story for siblings of chronically ill children. this isn't always the case. new studies speak of shadow children. they often fade into the background and pale next to the sick

child, which is contained at the see if i don't live, there are children who suffer a lot of them. and they're also children who, for example. and this is not also uncommon dream that they will also become ill stand all they imagined and i'm dying now, and then my parents will see how much they will miss me. so will they hook themselves and hope to get attention with this insurance mix. some cards because parents of sick children have to be especially sensitive when it comes to healthy siblings and shopping can shadow children can often benefit from being able to help out in some way from being involved. and this will be, it's not just standing on the sidelines that's important for children's overall development to have the feeling that they can make a contribution. charlie whitaker owes nothing less than his life to his brother. an extraordinary bond, which hopefully never becomes

a burden minus a great day for the acrobat advice. hide family leave you guess? even in a moment you had experience at the high y 2 vice type siblings from go to in the range year during the 1st appearance of the season. and the 1st big show after the corona pandemic. they've been training every day for weeks. the tension is palpable. as always, it's not just about your own safety. that's what many people can't understand or what i know. i trust my whole family with my life. so when my brother build a trapeze, i have to trust that he's doing it right. that everything is safe and secure. until

now it's been windy and rainy. just before the show starts, the sun breaks through. the weather is on their side. and then the or the see it the demo definitely. we can signals clear communications. one look. everyone knows what to do, the credit, ready with no one else could devise side siblings. imagine

such flights of fancy the 40 meters above the ground, the so what is the hardest recipe for success? maybe is one of those things that you feel comfortable and safe. you understand each other without any words. this replicas that one look is enough and you know, everything is fine. the

the standing in the shutters waiting until the destroying parasites can be maddening. when do they become dangerous? and how do you protect yourself in good shape. instead of c minutes, d, w, the

race, as long as the gun later, when we look back, we recognized at all, that's the moment when everything change. it's all about tillman and in the age of artificial intelligence, in 5 years is going to literally be china. the us who will control the technology that will shape the future of humanity. we may only find out, you know what the harms and n malign uses as a weapon against democracy or when it is too small. it's new world. the a, i re task much 16 on dw, the

the this is the daily news life from berlin. the us announces plans to an air drop emergency aid into gaza joining efforts from jordan and other countries to supply palestinians as a last resort. the move comes and make calls to investigate the depth of scores of thousands rushing in a convoy. also on the program, germany investigates possible russian espn. osh officials in berlin are concerned by a russian media report starting to german officers discussing how you crank a hit crimea with german cruise missile. and iranians vote with their feet unofficial.