algae can help solve some of humanities greatest problems around the globe. biologists are hunting for micro organisms with extraordinary abilities, like limes to creating energy, which might one day generate climate neutral cement. from 10 to 5 percent to flow black as far as c. o 2, come some construction to go from concrete production. now here's a possible concrete substitute. that's the exact opposite. it doesn't produce c o 2 to absorb it absorbs at 12 for over a year, we've accompanied researchers from kaiser's low tones, university of applied sciences to the depth of a spanish case where life on mars is being stimulated here on earth or in space. algae could be the key, doesn't come up 1st, go for a 1st name and outdoors can take in waste materials and waste water and an extract nutrients from has office. we've already live and they can also produce oxygen. so as i can find the c o 2 we exile create to oxygen and food. same time on this. ok,

a property amongst the best organisms for producing food, but i don't know the an expedition in northern spain, an hours drive from bill dow. these researchers led by biologist misha, lack of toast, are exploring a cave in hopes of discovering new species of algae and furthering their research on known once. they're not exactly sure what awaits them. there are almost 300 caves in this valley alone and some 4000 in all of count abriya. one caved in

particular is of special interest to the german expedition team. the what they discover here is mind blowing. me sure. yeah. lack of toast. finds organisms that bear witness to the very origins of life on earth, the god of him, how much do you have just found a huge patch with one of the oldest sonya and effects henry, aware aware of the big catch? incredible things, i've never seen anything like that. it's quite incredible loss to what we fidget closet right. what's left him speechless is how these bacteria known colloquially as blue green algae can survive with so little light weight 200 on one. we really want to discover the isolate new sign and bacteria and use them for quite a technological applications at the same time thought when we have in such

a marvelous habitat. the 1st question is naturally, how would they survive it? so that's what we're doing is we're measuring photo synthesis with this device. the we're also seeing to what extent they've adapted to the light and how they utilize the unofficial parts for the algae researchers, this category in caves is a godsend. the only person might just the a mazda you looking rock face, but for the biologist, it's a window into a fascinating world. an extraordinary multi generational colony. seems to do some shopping. you can see these colorful surface here. these fluffy little gray green pads doesn't. it's visa, cyan, or bacteria, and so with these yellow ones here, these pink jelly light clouds, the striking, the autographs,

the particular sy entered bacteria. we're often has low jo, back to us clear, we'll talk each one of the oldest leading. so i entered bacteria, and so it's a very basic primitive cyan and bacterium that's leaving here alongside more modern spacing is a bit of a voltage differently. they're all living here in the colon, including this is like the misha locker towson patrick young. are thrilled with the wealth of research material they found and excited about the new questions that arise from it. the services that we know that they can survive without much light spots. but we don't know exactly what the lower limit these days. also the question of how exactly this works in the low line situation. we've been counted deeper inside the cave, so i entered bacteria population. there is different than that. if we found different species, a certain process is a different to you and or either. so the allergy here was quite class august

responders and i can yes, they can photo synthesizing the dog and we've moved even further into the cave. and despite the total darkness, find species of l. g. living here to feel comfortable, you know, a 100 down, and there's only 800000 the line from above can reach them as a volume for losses in the dog is a little they simply structure that physiology about that photo synthesis. and so they can use most certainly the visible light spectrum, but 1st industry, we switch the exciting of this and they may also be able to draw from further along the range of light and the random non or in the fall, right. and for the so got was looking, couldn't you understand that it was spanish biologist, antonio gibson, who 1st drew his german colleagues attention to the case and sent them samples. it was the beginning of a great friendship between the spanish and german algae researchers assigned to the

he didn't have it, even gumble a, you'll get tons of a new field for such. i find it very interesting in terms of the production and research of useful substances. and materials, so it is not just the biological aspect which is already fascinating it and that's, but it's also the practical application of something. so you know, that really got to him. but i think in that regard, either patrick and michael's ideas are in line with us a and i can other words, let me think we're happy to continue supporting them here. and we're looking forward to working even more closely with the boat almost. but it's not, it, is that a push it the fuel instead of you many that as the spanish biologist works for a company that wants to model mars missions here, they've set up a space station of sorts. deep within the cave. the algae research conducted by the german team could also be interesting permissions into space escaping coupling system and take one knows that idea. and if you had just a few minutes, a lines perfectly with our original plan to draw on that potentially lease

unexplored micro organisms or gap them all apparently capable of producing substances that have not yet been recess. beautiful kind of people, it all takes rings to just a moment. so these organizations are in 5th competition with each other. so they put to you santibanez things sort of these, most of it didn't know, not incompetent yet. and today you was interested in it on a tv, i think like produce new tooth as a service, food for other organisms. so it could serve as food for us. digital simply deal could all be possible, but english what, but understand him and dr. young. but he said, a change of scene, we had to the laboratory, a kaiser's low tones, university of applied sciences. the permits ends campus is home to the world. the largest collection of terrestrial fiano bacteria, algae, that live on the land, not in water. for study purposes, there being cultivated and liquid, none the less. over $350.00 species from all over the world can be found here.

the march of this year or the i'm for example here, your advice would like to cox with the upstairs from the i'm talking to the you to send you the how guys we've isolated mike or call us for it. like how go from very whole this of region. so when a completely new outgo we've identified even from small, involved in the articles to all can attend to this country. what does that do? the, the kind of you have somebody has a small read or the quite unusual. we don't know why it's the einstein as researchers started the collection back in the 1950s, the algae from the spanish cave or the latest edition and could one day help us face the climate crisis. doesn't face it divided, couldn't some of us be covering? and there were some of that kind of caught up in ice, for example. cool, how they behave like rebuilding carl and producing a sort of truck. he's kind of tennessee is one of our new projects here is to see whether we can use this as a submitted substitution as a cement, as

a can be crossed. and um, yeah, 2 bucks that's invent things of old and who samples. we collect tutoring here. do you think of something that tom, the german researchers are traveling the world on the hunt for new species of algae, the most recently spent 4 weeks in the add a comma desert, and she'll a while a whole spine. it's a cactus engine. and here the other trend to police samples, that's a special type of like, and it grows on the tips of the tech side in verse this next prerequisites are extreme locations. it's very hard and this little volta venue of the organisms can survive that, and they can also withstand very high temperatures in by technological react, as for example, on so by zillow tempo to an old one. that's number one. number 2, in extreme habitats like that to organise new voice, find organisms can do something very special stuff, such as producing special active substances or adopting specific metabolic pathways, stuff like the big armstrong. some algy enter into symbiosis with fund guy in order

to survive and extreme places forming lincoln's patrick young. the found such l. g, fungus, symbiosis, in the out of comma the fun. this becomes a kind of sunshade for the algae does, is on the, on the, among other things, it also provides you the protection against the hush radiation one finds in the to comment is it is the l g e and not mobile. they trumped in a stationary position and somehow have to protect themselves from the sun's rays, which they can't avoid, fits with the like. and like this ones that task falls to the funds will pump no steps. they produce a sit and pigments in the case of these think she's those pigments that green is yellow in appearance or another key feature. the colonies survives on very little water. these are all properties that could come in very handy, say in the development of new products to reconvene. how can we turn

organic waste into plastic abundance? early march 2020 to the official launch of a research project called the waste to value. the vision at some point l g will be grown directly on building facades and residents could benefit from the harvest. if bio plastics were able to thrive on such besides, it could also lead to growth and regional economies. all thanks to algae. greene fuels could also be created using the same method research as being funded by the german federal state of rhineland to pa last name. they see it as an investment in the future and on the gift stuff on that. and those kind of heard of that from the state level, many companies would benefit from becoming a little less dependent on energy supply as a product. that's a significant consideration these days are no, we'd also be making a contribution to climate protection from here in rhineland. blessone it's reference, i was kind of kind of to hold the german federal ministry of education and research

is also funding the project. they've granted 8000000 euros for the 1st 3 years. several partners are working with the team from parents sense his shots unknown to get caught out with currently enjoying an initial spark of interest move just hoping to progress as far as possible with the company's findings, ultimately incrementing some of the only thing is we've been, we're searching for yeah. so on this one, got it under forced tom. yeah. mine's of yes. wonderful. just great. does the 2 researchers are unpacking a new piece of equipment. a photo bio reactor that it will allow them to grow algae that normally live on land in liquid and thereby control the way they reproduce. a lazy thing, it's nothing. it's funny is the problem as well. is that like rolling a controlled amount of stuff? i don't know large scale this is that we can then control that grows here, and it kind of pre culture and transfer them into loan to react with exact one instance. soon analogy that's popular with biologists will be growing in this

reactor. as of some bias peers. so these, for example, is the elaborate people to buy a technologist working without getting the syndic assistance. it's used quite frequently and copes ideally and conditions like person but the of the month, 2 of us. what you see here, for example, of the terrestrial out, can you provide those internal stuff in school? the multi cellular and threat, like the little met select is feed them into. you can see immediate, they tend to come together when you have to prevent that. what with this mixing process? yeah. when we're curious to see how we sound, be close and then then we have no experience with it yet. the do the them fix this . so i'm not kind of follow that you haven't tried yet. yeah. zoom the comp saw was it will take a doing here. we don't even know yet. we carry out as much fun. you want us to expire that you know, the reactor is an important intermediate step towards producing larger quantities

of bio plastics or climate friendly summit. one day exist. so this isn't close that window seed upstairs is a big difference between trying to fools nature into the lab. that's to say, conducting experiments on a small laboratory scale thing and being able to think on a launch or industrial scale and couldn't. that's a whole lot of ballpark movies. and he was extend on us not 100 percent. that took the longest movies connection its modules the size of a window the researchers have already commissioned them. the idea is to grow algae on facade inside these photo by a reactors. if it works, the process could save a lot of waste and c o 2. there are other benefits as well. some algy produced natural dies, some could end up on our plates and lots of now we have solar systems on the roof and future. we could also cover the east and west results with these al give reactors. then even the collectors would regularly come by to office the for the

whole we to all of us and also food order cabins as the essence. cuz a lot of research is still required though space to the new research reactor will soon be housed in this former changing room. i understand. we'll be back for a visit once the researchers have filled it with algae. for now, it's back to spain. myisha locker towson, his spanish colleague, kept to send a deep into the cave and reached the mar station. the aim here is to replicate living conditions on the red planet. as realistically as possible, the one day l g might be able to help space pioneers survive on mars. the minds can cut about 10 to 5 stuff or upsets the side effects. here you can say, can waste materials some waste water and extract the nutrients from having

a very different lights, like we have a like then compared to so i'm going to put it in as i can find the c o 2 weeks heil to free creating oxygen and food at the same time, by on. no, no, i'm going to put up some other. i'll probably be among the best organisms for producing food in the space and can embed. i don't know what's important what the test station in the spanish cave, the company hopes to approximate life on mars. even if some martian conditions are impossible to reproduce, we cannot say of abuse because i'd be willing to take a look on the, on the, on the boss selling products. okay. the, the young thing would be actually to be a mass by taking advantage that we know the mass when brand new. we come made mistakes, diana and i can help us to have him believe the bit of something. but of course i didn't read that can help us to somebody up there and you're going to let me buy all a g as an important area of research for this 1st bound,

myers expedition and algae could play a key role here to the main lines of investigation with office headquarters, engineering, of course, on the device that you every seeing when it comes to the protocol for the is that too far live on so long? i've been new teens and how come we want to be society and we need to research a pc and a ton of ours. you know, so everything that i've been to and should hyphenate techniques and eugene per lucy on a food unity cell. all that stuff is more thing place to put on the german researchers can hardly wait to find out more about the various ancient algae species they've discovered in the case. they're collecting samples back at their home laboratory impairments ends. they'll place them under the microscope for a closer look in demo, and then we'll analyze the samples and then definitely take another look at that

cheat. so we want to really see it's not just one species or 2 or 3 that are probably many, many different organisms living together here, a little microcosm, so to speak, and one of the host to come when that's what we want to find out the need shuttle to do that, we're carrying out genetic analysis to determine which organisms are living together here on this fall back to pear. ms. hence, the new research reactor is full of life in the form of ality. now it's hoped they will multiply and the researchers can grow various algae and the reactor unimportant step in cultivating alternatives to environmentally harmful plastic. because the 4 types you up on this one of the crate advantage of the se, diploma stock. is it a commodities by protesting? so that means if you give it should so should think, given the additional carbon sources and fixed costs to produce material gas, a pilot that's the basic building block for

a really great fire plastic that's called p h. b for chauffeur's fuel plastic that's most by compatible. i'm fine to grind to combustible it is it used to sutures in medicine for example. see about it's prevented from somebody to, to, to need to buy them to, to our bodies would probably cope much better with organic plastic in our food than with conventional plastic. under the microscope, you can see the bio plastic that the allergy forms. as white dots. there's going to be more, more time on this, but what's a problem at the moment going by global w. w s. study here is that we ingest around $100.00 micro particles of mancha plastics with each meal. plastic, oh, that's the equivalent of 2000 pulse because a week or 5 grams each week. um, that's the equivalent to the credit card division in minor to take that means the don't average that everyone in the well, there's every week is each and a credit card with a plastic and it could be cards a cluster eventually the laboratories,

research reactors will be replaced with these window modules, then everyone can watch algae at work in their own window. the american stars, this is cooling, called, so to speak. and you know, some of these, these are much less voltage just in their sales price. 90 percent less small times . they have better gas exchange, the easier to harvest. and so that's what this is on us model for growing, sign it back to the area in the future in sort of 2 out of 10 knots. it's just dies could be grown here. and these beside windows or cosmetics for even food, a victim she has a cussing somebody out even in china? no. yes. as a traditional new yes dish, for instance. that's the most talk flag in the form of i'll give it's collected from the test that we can brought it here under these conditions and then set it where it's like comp being crime and in the open liquid process on each box. and

then it will take some time before the 1st products made impairments ends come onto the market. we still have a few years to wait to for the 1st organic concrete produced with spanish cave algae use of trucks. this block is now 1st prototype. i'm about to, to you, we introduce to cyan and bacteria strain into the concrete in process of it's not yet one from the case. the, this is a bar and treat strain energy about how we carry down south those preliminary tests with a test to see whether this process works with cyan or back to your ears who i'm in the loan to. and we want to work with the cyan or bacteria from the cave since they calcified naturally. we can then use the process for concrete productions in this way. the system can be another 2 to 4 years before we've optimized decision on the door. either too soon to tell us we're on the right track in our hot in the eiffel region. a metal construction company is building for large

bio reactors. the window modules will be 2 meters 40 high one meter 42 across. now the question is, which one goes to the bulk and then which is the, tell this one here, and that this is what lp research are. michelle laboratories, the seeing the modules for the 1st time today because i've been at this time amazing. we need to really think, okay, that should have been roughly key, but then you see how big it is in reality and the dimensions that i mentioned that we've never had before. and that's also really important. those are for who is working on a bar to scale, use 100 milliliters by maybe a lindsey. this is the largest size, but see in our 100 liters it soon, but that's a whole of a story that we're really getting into it now. on the ground, this guy, i don't think me personally going. it's going in close. and steve the, the state of rhineland collab, nate is picking up the bill around $80000.00 euros to produce 4 modules. the

reactors can be set up in a laboratory. however, the researchers can also hang them on building facades and grow algae. there is nothing can put them right as leaving the water comes in from the top just just makes sense and then spreads through the holding. terry, on the when it drips down it's fed out to get into the bottom and circulates back to the top of the down whole slide. just simply get them to be the normal for the small metal and steel construction company. it was quite an order, not least because they had to procure acid resistance, stainless steel, for the ocean when i read the cool to attend is into the bio reactive. at 1st i wanted what it won't. so is it something atomic. that's what it sounds like. it 1st go in retrospect so it makes a lot of sense from going. i must say, i find what they doing. they have very interesting. i'm a fan of the projects within for you. i'm gonna find it to prevent the algae in the module from getting too much light or dying from overheating. sun protection is

built in the fact that it never disruption so high inside of the react to muscle. get to horses. good. because otherwise the l you would get to halt as well. and di, um yeah, that's why we've changed it from the sun 1st from above. and then again from the side the event will hang cold by the recounts. and the cords that will sprang toward provide even more shade for the result. is this, under course the 1st type of especially for them to act on. the algae and the reactors will soon be producing file plastic and absorbing c o 2 from the air. they'll be hung on an actual facade and should guard for research purposes. michelle lack of toast is convinced elegy reactors like this. have a great future ahead of them and will one day be part of every city escape. this is this moment tom viewed with photo more tight and then the west flow to full tanks where in the 1970s we've developed it. so just being a new crowd quickly, we can actually gets to use

a lot of houses in the house because ultimately that's up to the politicians inside of us to put it. if they subsidize, it doesn't feel good will happen very quickly without the size of the world of cost . well, certainly part of the mix forced time from feeling for now the l. g. researchers from parents and still have a lot of exploring to do in every corner of the planet, the

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