attacks in israel, the do you watch? the video is close up is up. next i will be back at the top of the hour with mobile news, i have to see that the name is the calls back. saved loud. thank you so much for joining in. welcome to don't hold bad. a lot of people do that. it's all about saying it aloud. next, would it be nosy bay like good everyone to kings. check out the award winning called called so called back the tropical rain forest surrender threat with more and more of them being cleared to make room for rubber plantations. because rubber is

a key component of car tires. if we don't change our mobility to the mentor river will strongly increase the rise of electric vehicles. help turn the tide. the tires are getting larger and larger occlusal veil. what a tire manufacturer is doing to help stop deforestation for the sake of plantations . and are there viable alternatives to natural rubber from the tropics, the timelines tropical climate is perfect for growing a raw materials. compet is the world over. it's 5 am, and farmers, so teach from rocks is already at work harvesting natural rubber. 7 years after being planted, a rubber tree has an annual yield of 11.5 kilograms. people have been making use of

this tree sub for over 3000 years, beginning with indigenous peoples, like the maya and central america. at the end of the 19th century, the british began planting the trees in their asian colonies. when he might have been a scraping rubber makes me happy, i sound good for like, i don't, it's a tradition pass down from one generation to the next. do i use my grandparents harvested rubber? i love my job. i can feed my family with the money i earned and a guy gave me the milky white. sap is also known as latex. the resulting solid material has a number of unbeatable properties, such as tear resistance, rubber trees thrive and tropical climates. they require lots of water and warm, humid conditions. over 90 percent of the annual global rubber harvest. 15000000 tons this cultivated in southeast asia. the top producers are thailand, indonesia,

vietnam, and india. between 19932016 some 4000000 heck stairs of rain forest were destroyed to make way for rubber plantations. that's an area the size of switzerland. 85 percent of production comes from small holders, most on fewer than to heck, there's even ancient rain forests have been destroyed to make room for rubber plantations. gone forever. is the unique flora and fauna, as well as the trees carbon storing potential without rain forest. the earth atmosphere will, he's even more rapidly, but some people are taking action to prevent further deforestation. we accompany my lawyer and then southern thailand. she's fighting for the preservation of these precious ecosystems. because of that, then the ration have possible us. we enjoy it. we maintenances,

i leave foot full out of it and then after that we have that use that and we would life the next generation to do the same. and this freeze is giving them the same benefits that is benefit pool as interest. and before i saw it, after my lilian is a conservationist and entrepreneur, she worked in the rubber industry for over 20 years and witnessed both of the terrible working conditions for farmers and the destruction of brain forest. together with a friend, she found it. i agree on in 2019 a cooperative uniting some 4000 rubber farmers. they're committed to a common goal. no more rain forest being sacrificed to cultivate rubber of mine. lilian has dropped by to visit. so teeth pembroke saw, one of the farmers who are graph helps by negotiating better deals for them. the,

the small holders are working toward transforming existing mono cultures and then eco friendly and responsible way without pesticides or artificial fertilizers. approach is to have the most out. it was a c in the mono culture partition. for example, like the fence like this is not only $68.00 the comments inside, but he's also being a saucer food as well. besides the rubber, the farmers harvest mushrooms for their own use. so teet promaxima also keeps bes, themselves with plenty of markets. the aggregate farmers are utilizing the lands full potential supporting greater bio diversity than in a mono culture which centers solely on yield. the global demand for rubber remains high due in large part to the materials for civility,

the brothers integrated into our everyday lives. it's found in our backyards and houses and gardening gloves. it's used as flooring and hospitals and sports facilities. and it's also found in everything from condoms. to sponges and brain boots all told, some 50000 products contain rubber. but most of the global harvest, a whopping 70 percent, goes toward making tires. there were now some 1400000000 cars on the world's roads. demand is increasing and with it the need for more tires the netherlands. a research team at amsterdam spray at noon of acetate, is examining land use in the tropics. pay to a fair brook as a professor of environmental geography and the leading experts on how the global demand for cars impacts rain forest. people drive more kilometers and we don't see

a transformation to less ability. we lucas counselors, like china, india, and other upcoming economies. we see that there mobility is still far below european level, and people also buying bigger cars, bigger tires, meaning moreover, so if we don't change our mobility to the mentor river will strongly increase leading to more and more the far section in germany, new car registration. so we're on the rise after a slump during the cold, with pen demik. accordingly, the demand for tires is increasing to determine automobile club or a d. c. tests, car tire, civics, technical center, and land spelled. the team here considers all manner of environmental issues because when it comes to tires, rubber is far from the only cause for concern. rubber constitutes about 40 percent of the tire. there's natural rubber from trees in the rain forest and synthetic rubber derived from fossil fuels like crude oil and other things,

the percentage of fillers including the harmful powder, carbon, blacks, 13 percent as steel, for reinforcing the tire. and then there are toxic plus to size. there is, as the tire gets, wear and tear, it releases environmental the harmful micro plastics. despite all that, billions of bureaus worth of tires are sold annually. worldwide, an average of $1.00 and $4.00 people buy a tire every year. stacks one on top of the other. the resulting tower would reach all the way to the moon. many car drivers aren't well versed on what tires are made of, but manufacturers can plead ignorance for they serious about protecting the climate . using the internet and the sky tires are getting larger and larger hyphen to unfold. this may stem from strict requirements in terms of loading decks and speed ratings, obviously. but it's also because car manufacturers are purposely offering the option of larger tires, which customers can buy at

a considerable premium. the safety gains are negligible high for mid sized cars like the volkswagen gulf carmakers actually sell tires that are far too big. 15 or 16 inch tires are perfectly suitable, compromising neither safety nor drivability. but the b w. golf is also sold with 1718 and 19 inch tires. for every additional inch, the weight of the tire increases by 400 to 500 grams. and that means more rubber from the tropics. consumers who value protecting the rain forest shut off for smaller tires, which need less rubber. but they're not the only party involved. really quickly looked at s u v as in other large vehicles since the 22 or 23 inch tires are not uncommon, these days on peak toilets. and there's no technical justification for that tire size kind of patients. even these larger vehicles that have an unladen weight of 2

or 2 and a half times by come drive just fine with smaller tires and any kind of advice. and when somebody's coming, looking at ads from major german automakers. small e cars with small tires are nowhere to be found. with an audi, bmw or mercedes, the top manufacturer is all one to sell the biggest and most expensive vehicles with maximum power. but does not help the goal of protecting the climate and the rain forest. the ac performs a comparison test at different tires and vehicle classes representing the luxury segment is this s u v. also lining up is a compact class model. and this car for the economy class on the plus side, all 3 are the vehicles and don't team it c o 2. but the batteries make them a lot heavier because they need more breaking power. the tires wear out faster and are replaced more often. the same human test test less model. why is one of the

best selling the vehicles and representative of a lot of today's s u v. ease from all the top. it weighs 2 tons. has $300.00 horse power and can accelerate from 0 to 100 kilometers per hour and under 7 seconds get policy. and it comes with large wheels that support the vehicle's weight and it's not exactly b embodiment deployment protection policy. right? no, my gun has 200 horsepower. the ac expert says the vehicle's 20 inch tires are far too big. when done same. here we have a typical example of a small car which has a curve weight of $1.00 times 90 horse power. small, 15 inch tires and 10, so it's a practical alternative. in e mobility, email, mutates identities and this very vehicle now the volkswagen is being discontinued can talk to a fund foby. i understand why environmentally conscious buyers looking for a small

e car are often shopping in vain. a recent 80 ac study found that there are only 3 cars on the german markets for under $15000.00 bureaus. so what is the role of tire makers and all of this, are they working towards producing tires that contain less natural rubber? one of the world's leading manufacturers is michelin, headquartered in the french city of clack. them all federal. it's range includes tires over 20 inches in diameter, exclusively for the luxury class mission, lance innovation communication director says it is simply responding to market demand switch safety, but it's also called for equipment that i'm one more presenting call. so costs gets heavier and you still get the heavier safety discounts. you have to have your brakes and be your brakes and being means also be just fine. advance that much more rather. so in terms of weight for the times, yes, we need more though. and that's why or so it's important for us to come to you to

the new way to, to decrease the amount of your bill that we put in the same time. so that you feel the same performance. one way to reduce the usage of forever is to increase the surface life of the product. that's what mr. la is researching edits testing center on average tires last about 40000 kilometers. michelin is looking at developing tires that wear out less while driving. and so we created the system to be able to take an exploration exist of the, of the time to be able to catch you all, do the about the goals on the, on the, on i'm driving during the writing and we have been the, and we don't that's because we wanted to improve the width performance of outside to keep the premium with that phone. so a thought was the long ago. and you last on the road list, how you have to make, okay? so it's very important to understand the basic mechanisms of well and then to design

the best components the best compounds. the developers consider a multitude of factors, different road surfaces, speeds and vehicles. michelin has invested millions of euros at the high tech tires, but wouldn't it be simpler to develop a type of material that could replace natural rubber from main forest? go back to what we use today and tell me of pull option that kind of deal seem to just pick up the originally. so i don't think so because of the unique pop up to you. so if not, you want to have them unless between now and 2050, we just google it. and like i don't, the can replace the magic corner. but i know that kind of replace that you wanna hold up. but in fact, a raw material that has the potential to replace natural rubber already exists. for now though, there's still that dependence on roberts manufacturers, like michelin have undertaken to do more on the sustainability front. that includes not buying any rubber from newly deforested land,

but an incident and indonesia cast out on its commitment is in this video from 2017 michelin is promoting a flagship contract to protect wayne forest. it was geared towards potential investors in spring 2018. the tire company raked in funding based on the promise, but together with indonesian partners, it would cultivate sustainable rubber tree plantations. the site is located on the indian nation island of similar truck in the province of jam. the the project was heralded as a green investment. and financed with so called green button's the aim was to protect, to local nature and biodiversity. michelin later claimed the site had been ravaged by uncontrolled and legal deforestation, and fires without its knowledge. but in november 2022, the media cooperative box or hope bird by

a report from the environmental organization mighty earth uncovered a more complicated reality. we talked to mighty or alex, which i have asthma and satellite experts, leo bought trail. and i wanted to know what happened in the past. so i, i found an old a satellite same which is around uh from about 2012. i overlay that image with the concession maps in my software. and that image. yeah, it was, it was low resolution, but i could see yeah, based training that the deforestation had to kind of been industrial being caused by an industrial act. so i could see very large areas of land and forest had been cleared. was indicated that as someone, you know, high pacifically could have this area for the purpose of, of planting something. and like i seemed rather the journalists and conservationists zeroed in on one critical question. did michelin know about the

industrial deforestation? or have the company been duped? in the video michelin promised investors a sustainable and lucrative green investment? all evidence really shows that michelin knew this partner local partner, to really clear. i'm defrosted this very high cost of ation value for forest landscapes in giambi. they knew this, but they didn't tell the market, they didn't tell the investors when they went looking for $95000000.00 less of green button's. and that was the big deception. and we've been trying to highlight that ever since. how would michelin respond to the serious allegation? our interview with the companies, bangkok office was cancelled at short notice in an email micheline claim that the legally or illegally deforested land amounted to less than 4 percent of the

concession areas and emphasized all parties involved in the project were aware. michelin has prohibited all forms of illegal deforestation, and was able to achieve this goal in a very short time, given the immense operational challenges, the satellite images you refer to are irrelevant for examining the dynamics of the project. that matter aside, all tire companies face a rocky road ahead. a new you along with regulating supply chains will take effect at the end of 2024. manufacturer is like mission land will need to prove in detail where the rubber is sourced and verify that no rain forest was cleared for the purpose of cultivation after the year 2021. but how will these rules be enforced? verifying where rubber originates as not without its challenges. at least at the early morning harvest, there is no question where the tree stop is from us. afterwards,

farmers bring their harvest to collection points, in this case to agree on the cooperative guarantees that the rubber only comes from plantations on land that was not newly deforested. but i agree, ike is the exception rather than the rule. and bear in lines the 1st problem of making the supply chain more transparent. the rubber from farmers and the surrounding area is tossed onto one big pile. linking it to a single plantation is no longer possible. these rubber balls are also called coupling forever. it's what forms when the liquid latex from the trees isn't preserved with ammonia within the 1st 2 hours. it calculates a farmer, well, are in the equivalent of one year old, $0.20 for every kilogram of couple of the markets changed before the customers wanted liquid latex. it's now more and more cup of lump rubber as being exported to

europe. that makes it easier on farmers because they no longer need ammonia. that becomes ok, knowing the main reason behind the change copland forever is used for tire production. first the rep that falls or drawing it in the courtyard of the cooperative, behind these huge stores rubber is being treated in another way for eventually use entire production. the cabinets contain sheets of press, play, tex. one kilogram is derived from about 60 cups of sap from the morning harvest. teaches used to extract water over the next 3 days. a farmer earns about one year old $0.60 for a sheet of rubber, and it takes a little more than one sheet to make a car tire. this rubber is transported by a truck to factories. what arrives here has usually already passed through a number of intermediaries. there is not the slightest chance of identifying what

came from where samples are brought to a lab to test the quality of the latex. then large centrifuges, separate water and impurities from the latex workers, then have to clean the sticky mass from the machines. finally, the milky sap is stored in sine loves. this current system is incompatible with the new you regulations. determining which plantation the latex started from, would be impossible. my lillian, from act we are because visiting today, she has an agreement with a manager of the rubber factory guaranteeing that a certain siler will be reserved exclusively to the rubber from her co operatives. farmers. if all the supply chain link together and we can chart then the intermediate in between, we can directly identify who is the farmer from what we are working for is in the

form of coverage. so coverage is a form of the farmer's work together. so they are farming himself and they manage the connecting center. and if we give a opportunities to cobra to the link directly towards the factories, the into media is very short. tracking the rubber of the 4000 actually act farmers in this fashion, compliance with a new e u. rules. but this level of transparency is not realistic for most of timelines. 1.7000000 rubber farmers. that's also why tire producers are seeking out alternatives to protect the rain forest and guarantee a transparent supply chain. researchers at germany's without and frown, whole for institute, are working on this. subjective in collaboration with the tire tines, continental, their solution russian dandy lines. could this suppose that we'd be the raw material for the tires of the future? so then you'll see it in understood it on the you with. this is

a young root of the dandelion on the call to see it. that's where most of the natural rubber is concentrated as the whole thing. it is not too cold to expand it and so the roots need to be cleans before further processing. the long rubbery threads are already visible. the raw material is then fed into a machine where the water is squeezed out over several hours. over in the lab, researchers are crossing different generations of the dandy line with the help of genetic engineering, the emails to breed plants with larger fruits, to ultimately increase yields of the facts to the dandy line routes. after all the water is squeezed out what's left is sure, a rubber it's treated to prevent aging then dried and lastly, stored for later production. does it so it will cost. so can do this. here

is the raul rubber has that. so it's chemical composition is comfortable to that of natural rubber from the rubber tree you can deal with multiple lot of these miss polymer has a high molecular weight and it's very long expected to have that. so it has terrific properties in terms of and that's to city it us institute, i'm in the perfect for car tires for car and bicycle tire size. one advantage is that 10 d lines can thrive and poor quality soils to meet the demand for natural rubber in germany. if we require a cultivation area about twice the size of berlin, continental already makes bicycle tires out of dandy line rubber. but in the next decade, it wants to produce car tires on an industrial scale to fence the time the company needs to set up its production facilities. so it will still be a while before german grown dandy lines can relieve the pressure on rain forests in southeast asia. but there is currently an alternative every year about $600000.00

tons of old tires are discarded. why not recycle them into new tires? in other words, retracting term and company king milan specializes in just that the company finds old, worn out tires where the framework or carcass is still intact. the tires are inspected for damage with defective ones being removed. then a machine slips off the tires, ols rapper. i'm can you think of another product that is disposed of after only 30 percent of it has been used to the door and i can see there aren't any products like that in the world on that's how it is with tires has by my call, you buy tires that have a trad depth of say 8 millimeters, that's a winter tire. summer tire is usually only 6 millimeters, but nobody's actually made on. yeah. and the tire is driven down to a maximum of 1.6 millimeters is x before being thrown away. so the non good,

the ends long, so the 70 percent of the materials still remains this and we make use of that. the general fun. so does not some yard most used tires are incinerated in the process, emitting a loss of greenhouse gases at king my last the given a new trend. this is the only part of the setup that requires fresh rubber. the tire has then vulcanized, at about a $165.00 degrees celsius. the old part of the tire is fully welded to the new one . more than $46000000.00 tires are sold every year in germany. we traded car tires are still in each product. their share of the overall market is just one percent, but there's a chance that this could change with the new e law in on, in that for them,

we see ourselves in competition with the secondary brands as a premium manufacturer is on this and we're more focused on the year of pay and produces and not necessarily in competition with the very cheap ties made an age of we have different standards for our product. so we can always compete price wise by some credit via all the supplies mission moment times. one way to dramatically increase the re treaded market share would be to require manufacturers to take back and recycle their use tires. but at the moment that doesn't look likely of the tire manufacturers rely on natural roberts. but this project in thailand shows that wayne forest did not need to be cut down to produce it. at this research site, scientists are growing pepper using an ancient native variety. their goal is higher yielding plants. how many components of my lawyer on from? i agree, i is meeting with the researchers,

the pepper is not meant to replace rubber trees, but rather to be a supplemental comp on existing plantations. selling it could bring in additional income for the farmers. the expansion of the land is leading to the 1st stations initially. so therefore, if they could satisfy with the piece of land that they already have is the, is the most most profitable for everybody. on top of that temper, it may be one of the options that you can choose. so that's why we have to work with the university to have the best model of it to have the best you wish it economically, it makes sense to do it. thailand is the largest exporter of rubber in the world with her co operative mind. lillian is proving a more sustainable way is possible. perhaps this will inspire others to protect the rain forest and the climate the,

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