sports farms and destroy lifestyle. what is the legacy of this wide spread races, depression? today? history. we need to talk about here, the stories, shadows of german colonialism, annoying 9, rebellious at 10, insufferable, at 11. around the time that the menstrual cycle kicks in and cubic has thoughts to group. puberty is beginning earlier and earlier in kids lives at the wells. the average age of its own set has been dropping for decades. and during the code 19 pandemic, the trend grew even more pronounced. that story and much more coming up on the show. welcome to tomorrow. today the for an

adolescent. puberty is that phase when your parents get embarrassing and hard to deal with. it's a stage of development when children's bodies and brains are transformed by hormones. and girls that begins on average around age 10, while boys usually enter puberty at around 11 or 12. in rare cases, it begins sooner sometimes too soon. a study by bon university hospital discovered that during the cove at 19 pandemic, what's called precocious puberty grew more common in germany. in the clinic, is there a number of cases almost double, the doc clinic and bone. and when we conducted a survey of centers across germany, they reported a rise of around 30 to 40 percent between 20202021. also it's about slice, a shortage quotes and cookies. the average age when cube or do you begin this has fallen over the last several decades. and international statistics have also indicated with the pen demik significantly intensified this effect. because they

really did point to a ryan, steve on a now post pandemic. the numbers seem to be following again. of course, we would really like to know why that happened to the source code, the 2 virus really trigger or lead puberty and some children. the question that's still being debated about it, can you, william said the rise before many of the children had a corona, virus infection and also in children who had never been infected. so basically this hypothesis was drugs are the one is this endocrinology clinic, and berlin offers help and advice to parents and their children affected by precocious puberty as cleaners and mac model of the clinical feature you clearly see in girls is breast development, which starts 1st on tells us that puberty is beginning in boys. those genital development with the testicle emptiness gross of. and then there's the 2nd effect,

the grossest pubic. kathy samba, how the term cube, or d, comes from the latin word for cubic air kobus. the hormones surge causes physical effects, but it also brings about changes in behavior and early onset. puberty is more prevalent among girls who vision v. we know that being over nourished or having more audit post tissue since the thought to the brain to their off button resists on sexual mature ration, can begin as a fever. and so over nutrition leads to early activity on setting goals. at least the thought in boys of nutrition tends to inhibited hammond. could you property? could that be one reason why the pandemic cause the rise and precocious puberty kids exercise last during locked out and send off and change their eating habits for the worse. more and more are being diagnosed as overweight. then there's the aspect of prolonged stress pandemic related restrictions. and installation post not

only are risk to children's physical health, but also to their psychological wellbeing. how do they be that soon? they stress also plays a role in regulating sexual maturity as white as you can even say that if a woman is stress during pregnancy, for a secondary phenomenon is that later on it can have an impact on the child's sexual mature ration. 5, it enough come from kind of the social aspect could also help explain the figures during long downs and while home schooling, many parents were with their children practically around the clock. as a result, they might have noticed developmental issues much more frequently. so should we be concerned hand x rays can tell experts whether growth is accelerated to early august. if occasion in the fingers reveals any discrepancies between a child's real age and their biological one. if puberty begins to early, the growth phase might end to soon can be affected per since could end up being

smaller then if they had developed normally. decisions on whether treatment with puberty blockers would be appropriate. have to be made on a case by case basis. so the most common explanation for the significant rise in precocious puberty during the pandemic is that it was linked to no triggers. and that it has nothing to do with the passage indirectly. but is that also a cause for concern? me, i'm busy and we've seen that we certainly didn't do kids any favors independent bank with the measures implemented. and we currently discussing how we see this in terms of weight gain as well as a significant increase in mental impairment. but i also find it worrying that we've even seen physical changes due to changes in homeland will activity notice. but i know tom and this boy and john tier to research is showing that pandemic related measures caused long lasting damage to many children and young people. a reason to

think about how we might do things differently next time. because it 19 pandemic officially ended in may 2023. but experts agree, it's only a matter of time until the next one strikes vaccines against the corona virus which developed faster than ever before. but that was on the exceptional circumstances. could we still call pharmaceutical also no to fights of other potential pathogens, even foster in future? it took just a few weeks for it and go to sean. he met his team at by on tech, to develop their cobit 19 backs and the fact that it was approved after extensive testing date. the field of m. r n a technology, a huge boost cluster and was fortunate. and these docs things were effective, which couldn't be taken for granted as cost because essentially he's a freshman. was luck also involved. one thing is clear,

m r n a technology made it possible to develop and produce the vaccine quickly. but even more importantly, researchers already had experience with corona viruses and 222015. other viruses in the same family had caused smaller outbreaks. earlier research had shown that corona viruses use their spike proteins to don contact human cells. to prevent that, a vaccine would need to train the immune system to ward off those proteins. understanding that gave developers a head start in designing the vaccine. but what is the future pandemic is caused by a novel pathogen that hasn't been studied as extensively. scientists say we can expect even more pandemic in the future to allow them to there are growing interactions between humans and animals because there are more of us and more domesticated animals, as well as more contact due to increasing how much that destruction them to

difficult for me because was so globally into connected. now viruses can spread fast once they jump from animals to human disease. so i believe we'll be seeing more upon timings and it's important we pass. i'd love to hear this with the vaccine researchers. idea is that team should develop vaccines in advance against the 50 to 100 most dangerous pathogens out there. the main focus he says, should be on high threat microbes that don't currently infect humans. when those pathogens crossed a species barrier to us and slightly modified forms, however, they can call us very severe disease. research teams could in series already develop specific vaccines against these potentially dangerous microbes. these vaccines could be tested on a small group of people, enabling the creation of a small stockpile. if a new pandemic then does break out, the vaccines could be wrapped the adapted things to bad preliminary work. look into

them against the preparatory, well, could shorten the whole process, which essentially means developing the vaccine so that we could really see one on the market within about 3 months for today more, nothing bigger than an even still some market up. the idea is not entirely new. following a devastating a bowl outbreak in west africa, the 2017 world economic forum solve the foundation of the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations. in a crisis situation, the set, the program would be able to get a vaccine approved within months. but funding proved and sufficient. at the beginning of the cobit 19 pandemic, sappy was given a budget of $1400000000.00. but that was only enough to spearhead the immediate fight against the corona virus, not to prepare for a new pandemic. the organization's annual reports showed that investment in the

program fell sharply again after the 1st cobit vaccines were approved. because i missed it, it's better to be covering all my slate. i think the good thing about it though, is that it wouldn't have to be financed by one country. with this. we have this, it'd be financed everywhere because it benefits of all humanity may not just people in germany or the us from deutschland, with the vaccines would then be developed over a longer period. the hope is that this process would also increase confidence in new vaccines, but is it realistic? this, the solver does this, that's a very ambitious around that also has to be coordinated internationally, of course, a piston afford. but take stay and shows that international research coordination doesn't look a lot well yet. and folks in one thing is clear, according to the w h o cove, it vaccines that prevented around 1400000 deaths in europe alone. even if they don't provide really long term protection against infection,

those vaccines primarily trained antibodies in the immune system, t cells received less attention recovery. i'm glad we've learned that the t cell responses to vaccines are also really important to introduce even because the t cell response is less susceptible to mutations in the virus on this vehicles. antibodies, on the other hand, have problems recognizing new virus variance in the future. and hailed vaccines or those administered as nasal sprays might provide even more effective protection against infection with respiratory pathogens. we're still waiting for breakthroughs . still, experts are not entirely pessimistic. it's over there and they have them in i believe we'd be in a better situation for new pandemic or to begin today. and it says like i say again, a lot will depend on how much experts know about any new pathogens. once targets for the immune system. are identified vaccines could be developed very quickly

again, perhaps even faster than during the cobit 19 pandemic. and now the infectious disease has been rampaging for years in other species. a world wide avian flu pandemic that started in 2020 has killed millions of wild birds. and has hit poultry farms hod zoo animals are also in danger in switzerland, but so trying to protect like birds and sues within use that same tailored to the pathogen visa for contain gwen's at thousands who were recently given a new vaccine against the h 5 n one sub type of 8 and flu. so knowing how he said, you get to me some, even though you're still molting through, there's no more for that, but you're not hungry anyway. all you all do. bed costeo and bank loves the idea of a vaccine for the endangered birds. you then have to just take a photo,

the fluids break down here house. but if, even in just one item to use them, we might be forced to call or all of that a to day. so course, and that would of course be devastating because they don't know if they're just for he isn't in total over $300.00 birds from $24.00 different species have been vaccinated, sues in the cities of bozza and burn. these are currently the only vaccination trials in europe involving wild bird species. shapes floating off to them for giving them a boost of midway hard to catch them twice, 5 weeks upon if they posted informed him of that. and then again, to take a blood sample 5 weeks later, i'm offering voltage factors, but i think the benefits of the vaccination outweigh the risks easy. avian flu is deadly. the virus can make wild migratory and water felt sick, as well as domesticated birds and even mammals age 5. and one is a variance of influenza, a virus that's particularly aggressive. the sub type currently threatens the very

existence of some bird species. and that could have major consequences for global bio diversity during the last 4 years, in particular age 5 and one has spread across nearly the entire planet. the virus is now effecting animals in both north and south america. the 1st cases have also appeared in the galapagos islands and even near antarctica a region home to many endangered species, the the h 5 n one reached the zoo and burned in the spring of 2022. its 1st victim was a gray hair of his veterinary and stuff on who would be remembers puts that off soon after a donation pilot can also fell ill and had to be put to sleep, lose lose stuff, tries to protect the birds by screening. but that causes stress vaccinating would be better, except there's little experience doing it with wild bird species. and those few

results are not very convincing. bad for the vaccinations with the phone with once inside and in 2005 we thought that we saw on the panic. and for example, on the very point of view respond improve. ma stefan who be has therefore now turn to the swiss institute of biology. and immunology for help, get simmer and his team use page 5 and one viruses from the dead pelican to develop the vaccine currently being used in this use. it's based on the virus, the term was the birds and doesn't reproduce. an essential gene was removed from this taxi virus and replaced with an influenza virus gene. it initiates production of an avian flu protein in the muscle cells of vaccinated birds. a warning for the immune system, which then responds by generating large numbers of anti bodies to

a couple of the other kids in the body. we also find producing antibodies is especially neutralizing i just saw units here which can neutralize the h $5.00 and $1.00 virus income. so this system has another advantage to didn't, and it stimulated simulated unity blood samples show that all 24 of the captive bird species reacted penguins produced a particularly large number of anti bodies and initial infection trials with age 5 . then one and chickens also indicate a protective immune response. not a single chicken in the trials became mill. but what about the wild, migratory birds that spread the virus, or the endangered emperor or penguins, way down in the antarctic and theory? the explanation could protect them to expert se, but distributing vaccines adequately and reliably to those populations remains a major hurdle. and see, at the moment,

i don't really see any ways of intervening on a largest scale listed on the ice and preventing the further spread of this fire suddenly burials. jesus views the train us. a sobering thought for veterinary includes stealing thinker too. but this makes a vaccination program in his zoo and others like it all. the more important. ultimately he says, zoo is, can help preserve biodiversity by contributing to species conservation. it also saves to, especially with rasp. she's like these african penguins so where existing conservation programs are under threat is it's important to maintain this pool in zoos around the world and keep them healthy. so that help. okay. but a lot more data is needed before the switches maxine is approved for use in zoos around the world, reaching that goal is still a long way away. let is read. why are they doing?

you have a science question, then send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we offer it on the shows, we'll send you and that will surprise as a thank you. so come on just off. today's question comes from class ok in nigeria. the how do chameleon change colors? the it takes a train, died to spot it. the chameleon is a master. it adapting to its surroundings and circumstances. its color changes according to the animals mood, as well as the time of day and how warm or cold it is. the camouflage is actually just a side effect. changing color is a kind of language one that's mainly used to communicate with other comedians. it's

an ability built into their skin, which is made up of different types of cells that work together when the reptile changes. it's you the outermost layer, it contains pigments that have a yellowish or reddish town underneath ourselves, called in rid of floors. these reflect incoming light with the help of nano crystals. the animal can change the size of the gaps between these crystals and that changes the color of the light reflected by its skin. a. this a chameleon is relaxed, the crystals are packed more closely together and reflect short wave light in the blue part of the spectrum. the pigment layer on top reflects yellow and together blue and yellow makes green. but if the lizard is excited when confronted with arrival, for example, then it's lexis to cells whitening the gap between crystals, the rid of forest and reflect longer wave red light. by the way,

male communions are said to be at their most vibrant, when they're on the lookout for a mate. like many other animal species, they try to cord females with a highly impressive display of color. how many comedians all that? well, why? no one knows. and that's not just because the lizard says such expos camouflage, accurately estimating populations of wild animals is a very challenging task in national parks in germany, a variety of technologies at helping were such as countless species that lives in the woods. wildlife ecologist miko lloyd lights from the university of fiber. work is leading a project of extraordinary proportions. he and his team of set up more than $700.00 camera traps. here in the very in forest, contend other german national parks. their aim is to record animal populations for

the 1st time and these protected woodlands and a scientifically sound way. using gps, he's able to navigate to where existing and future camera traps are set up in germany's oldest national park. even before we have shot out locations, an advantage randomly distributed across the entire area to provide us with a random sample with these according not in the quarter and, and so programmed into a gps system, which i'll use to navigate to that point. and point one very, then i select a suitable training and set up the camera move on to putting the camera traps, react to heat and movement. taking images of shy wild animals that would otherwise rarely be glimpsed by foresters or hunters for this type of monitoring. also allows numbers of animals to be determined more precisely then was previously possible. if i, when i'm 1st of all a set up is for a long term environmental observation of wild animals. and then how the chancellor

miles on the 1st round about the device and that was made in 2019 and 20 twenty's not to in our, in the 2nd round. and the name is to repeat one, every 3. yeah, this one is on its side. we want to maintain that weight and determine long term changes, inhabitants, fissions, how this climate change affect them and wild animals. that's the end of them. how does the return of the wolf change things for examples or changes in land to use in the surrounding areas where the alpha end of the notes on the table? the camera traps require regular maintenance due to sensors, aging and memory cards, filling up a bit of foot work is also part of the program. graph is, are ferns can grow and sparsely wooded areas and when they sway in the wind, they can trigger their camera traps that uses up energy and fills digital storage space, which useless images and also interferes with a later evaluation of the animals move months. the cards are swapped out every 4

months. images from them are stored on a central server. so the research team members from all over germany have access to the data. or the 1st campaign 3 years ago gathered an impressive 1200000 images. during their evaluation, the researchers used artificial intelligence to streamline their efforts, hung designs, green trains, the ally with those images. because we know when we haven't read data or links, the a only knows to because it has enough images of them to train me on the, on the results are really amazing by the painting speed on. sometimes you can only see animals packaged. and then the a, all, it tells us it's a wild bull because it does, it is on the 24th. it's time to see what's on this card. the, hey, i didn't advise animal species, even in the most challenging light conditions. the wildlife biologists are amazed

and delighted at how on target the program is. for example, with this road year, which it identifies with 94 percent certain to the effort was worth it. the a i will keep the projects long term costs low and precision high even when it comes to images where humans wouldn't see an animal, the computer is spot on like this might be a high, has not made a single mistake. it will make a huge difference and the number of hours mcelroy placed and his colleagues will have to spend perusing images to date, managing wildlife populations and national parks has been a vague practice that's essentially in the hands of the hunters. however, critics believe their reports aren't based on rational technologically oriented management of wildlife populations. hunters they say are too focused on bringing

back impressive trophies. october is if it's currently very difficult to determine the model of populations and then divide the shooting quotas, couldn't be excessive without message. we can determine if, for example, exact wildlife populations of right there couldn't on the into much and provide information on how many animals are in a certain area. and that can then be used to plan a cold. however, only time will tell whether hunters will allow scientists to interfere with hunting activities. mcelroy police and his team will certainly provide the data on animals. the automatic cameras will continue to deliver millions of images, which can be analyzed with minimal effort. thanks to a i. the scientists also set up camera traps in albania and romania. the goal is to have animal populations that regulate themselves without human intervention.

that so for now on dw science show, thanks for joining us. can see you again next time on tomorrow. today the, [000:00:00;00]

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to get it right before we even start environmental activists of skeptical is this true nature conservation. well, i mean the green washing rule bill billions to be made o to pa documentary deep sea greed stats, june 7th on the w. that has to what did you do the i played tennis survived, ocean bits, thanks to music. he was the nazis favorite conductor positions under the swastika, a documentary about the sounds of power and inspiring story about survival. music in nazi germany, watching out one youtube dw documentary. contact about why does that matter?

because like now i'm leaving the new host to join us for an exciting explanation of everything in between. this is a video and audio production 5 d, w. i hope that you will tune in the this is the news and these are our top stories. after you, as president joe biden has endorsed and is really proposal for a temporary cease fire with some us biden's that the deal would lead to the release of more hostages, more humanitarian aid. and eventually, the withdrawal of all is really troops from gaza. mazda is released to statement saying it views the proposal positively fire. donald trump says he'll appeal guilty verdicts in his harsh money trial. new york jerry found the former us president