now, everything in between the most is a video and audio production by d w. i hope that you will tune in the extreme weather events across the globe like eating it ever close to intervals. and that's got consequences, not just for us, but for every living thing. and there's no end to the trend insights. what can we do to prepare for this future? and what roles could sensor light senses and a play in getting climate change and the control in switzerland, severe weather, and the damage? it causes being documented in detail for decades, researches and now using this data to design new bridges that can withstand was flooding. that story and much more coming up on dw sign show.

welcome to tomorrow. today the 2 thirds of switzerland is in the outs. many of the countries, villages, and towns are surrounded by mountains, some of which are over 4000 meters high. as temperatures rise. so there's the risk for rock and mud slides. but water coming down from the mountains is actually a much bigger problem. a whole false statement for treats for love is, are particularly relevant for switzerland because of our geographical location. is that any of the countries topography brings a relatively high level of precipitation, and it's concentrated in certain areas from 3 years toward the up close run off, especially in steep rivers and streams, develops a lot of energy in addition to flooding erosion and the transport of sediment also play a role at all, all these events occur on a regular basis,

but the royce river flows right through the village of under mount when it rises, flood waters can threaten not only houses, but also roads and railways. the villages rail connection is also in danger. this bridge is key to the route bob of us stuck i as an environmental engineer, together with marlena shorts and folk of vide placed. she's investigating whether the bridge is flood resistance, and the of the 6 of the bridge were standing on is not up to what you say. it's currently a trust branch which struck your me center a loop you would would get wedged here and cause the water to dam up even more. the faucet i suicide, down in the river. bad. this settlement and loose rock currently measures a certain height for during floods. more and more of it gets deposited in the sol costs and then the whole river bed rising above the cool mexico. and this also causes the water level to rise even more deficit. so when rivers are running high,

more space is needed under the bridge. can't it simply be raised? the slice home instead of a sense of the trucks have a certain height, so we can simply raise the bridge corners to increase the cross section of the tracks. mean we have very fixed framework conditions here, save and fix it uh, around the city. because the royce could one day burst its banks, a new bridge is needed. flood water would then flow over the dam. and under the these houses, a big goal is to protect the infrastructure. everyone still remembers the massive floods back in 1987 when the royce overflowed uncontrollably in all directions. the waters at the canton of only infrastructure and buildings were overwhelmed and washed away. efforts are being made to prevent a repeat of that scenario, but it could well happen again,

the particular thoughts and the disliked these we know from the current climate scenarios that heavy precipitation will increase in intensity in the future. its frequency will also inquiry heights where the risk due to heavy precipitation events will therefore also increase in principles through the sites. look to any of the researchers at this with federal institute of technology and therefore recreated the course of the river in under model and are simulating various flood situations. this is the design for a new bridge. can it cope with severe flooding? the hot and stuff more water can definitely flow through here now because more can also build up underneath. we now have 130 cubic meters of water per 2nd flowing under the bridge without anything flowing out to the left. i think that's more than the current bridge, the water will be forced under the new one as well. stupid. also send you up there

. so you can sort of see how the bridge will be billed to use pressure on the, on the lower edge of the new bridge is the same height as the old one is this, it's over. so that's at the front of it. however, we now have a damming shield that can damn up the water, and then the entire edge here is smooth and rounded, so nothing can get stuck and the water is pushed through underneath last sewer sustain on the bottle hush, duck of floods the bridge and several stages the researchers are testing every scenario. they can imagine gravel in debris don't get stuck under the new bridge. and the water mass is even pushed driftwood under and past. and i can look over the phone. we discovered that the bridge works as planned and that in the event of a flood, everything works exactly as planned on paper to offload the so indeed was planned for the mission. the researchers have proven under mounts, new bridge will be safe,

even if heavy floods strike woodlands are also being affected by climate change. like in germany, where hot dry weather is taking its toll on beach trees. stems of the deep rooted forest giants. once covered large parts of the country, and they still provide a unique, happy time to many other species, the drought conditions and keeping beaches of factoring. what role control center lights in a play and managing forests and challenging new phlegmatic conditions. when forrester luca schmidt walks through his workplace, his gaze is often fixed on the tree tops. that's where the damage shows up. first, dry weather has killed thousands of beach trees in bavaria state forest. in the last few years, it was almost 502018. we noticed major drought and heat damage in the beach. so we

started to check the stands but didn't get anywhere and we didn't have the styles. so to the, so we hope to different data base would give us a lot more information on how to deal with the issue in the future. and so course done with them gambling. in other words, more information that can provide a better breakdown of the damage. but drone images aren't enough that you needs to be from even higher up from space from the orbit of the sentinel to a satellite. that's part of europe's copernicus program. that passes over bavaria every 5 days and sends images of its forests back to earth. and not just the photos, the satellite sensors also process the electromagnetic radiation reflected from the planet surface that can detect wavelengths that the human. i can't see this at the lead. in this case, the satellite has recorded sunlight reflected from the earth surface from the

vegetation. thriving vegetation reflects differently than damaged or dead vegetation. and the satellite can record this with its sensors and then send it to us as an image or the speed that his own scheme humans are currently evaluating the images. but in the long term artificial intelligence we'll take over that task, satellite data has fed into research on the for us here for 4 years now, the scientists are testing how measurements form space can help foresters make decisions on the ground. the goal is to co lead information from long term observations to discover how the forest is developing and the face of climate change, and to pinpoint which trees species will be wiped out by increasing dry spells. like in this district, satellite images have revealed massive damage here, but they only provide an overview. they don't identify individual trees or

particular species. you have to get closer to do that. like with an airplane. at the beginning of july, a research aircraft flew over the area equipped with highly sensitive detection devices. it was able to deliver precise images of the forest from 2000 meters up. they were accurate to within 20 centimeters. it's sensors recorded and for red reflections from the vegetation below, making any damage more visible. red shades mean a tree is healthy. grey green tones, mean it's dead. the exciting thing was that for the 1st time, the plane didn't just take images. it also scanned the trees it's laser ran over the earth surface and a grid creating a 3 dimensional map of the forest. the images have not yet been

analyzed, but research who, who do i have sides has high hopes was that the scan will also reveal anomaly. it's like this particular beech tree reading of it. so instead of dying during the dry weather, it formed a secondary crown. that was the latest getting scanner can give us information about the dead trunks above the secondary crowns. we can't read that from the aerial image because the vegetation surrounding the dead would screens it. so we actually find out things like where gaps are and how big this is and where vegetation is growing back, you know, 6, it's like it is here for us to look up. schmidt cut down dying beach, tracy or a few years ago to give young oaks growing on the forest floor, more light. but the foresters can also use the aerial images to decide where not to caught, where species management is less of an issue. be almost looks holding what's

important. we've had the great advantage of being able to act with foresight. i'm because we now know the dynamic lightning speed at which beach in particular reacts to drought and he said, oh, how long it takes one to die, for example. and also where it remains more vital and for longer right now. but there's still a lot of research left to be done before the database can be made available to foresters all over the state. who would, on the side, still has to regularly compare digital remote sensing measurements with the real situation on the ground that is still committed to and you have to make records as linking impressions. you get from aerial images with this, the real thing that typically it's after a, i takes over the analysis of the huge amounts of data. satellite technology could become and even more valuable tool and forestry plan. and the

speaking of climbing high into the atmosphere and beyond why the plain spoke from the sky. this week few a question comes from nigeria. what happens when an airplane takes all the loan? the whole aircraft can wait over $180.00 metric tons. the bounce around as much as 40 full grown african po elephants. and that's when the plane is still completely empty. but it then has to be filled with fuel and water for the toilets and packed with food and luggage. after passengers had forwarded, it can wait twice as much the to lift off the ground. airplanes need air the and above all, they need special wing shapes like an airfoil,

as it's called, the bird wings provided key inspiration and the design of plane wings. the to have a similar shape. they're close to a flat on their under sides. and they're curved on their upper surfaces. when a pilot fires up the engines, an aircraft gets going, rolling faster and faster. more and more air flows have sent around its wing. some of that air flows above the wing, some of it below that it flows at different speeds. on top where the wing is curved, it flows faster. while underneath on the flatter side it flows slower. this creates high pressure beneath the weighting and low pressure above it, driving the entire aircraft upwards. this force is known as less us.

when a passenger aircraft, we just speeds of 250 to 350 kilometers per hour lift to become so strong that it takes off. the more a plane weighs the faster it has to be to leave the earth t. hi. do you have a science question then send it to us as a video, text or voice message, if we on so it's on the show, we'll send you in that i'm surprised as a thank you. so come on. just ask something like controlled tractors, software the one to 5 seed and fertilize the agriculture has also been increasingly optimized by continue says in the future a controlled robots will likely work in the fields, controlling weights and pass plants. and so in fertilizing and harvesting that can cutting edge technology really increase you in an environmentally friendly way.

a test field, northeast of munich. for many years now, you can, who's back, has been looking at how to make agriculture more environmentally friendly. this sensor has helped to provide information about the condition of the plants, like whether they lack nutrients or whether they need fertilizer. and if so, how much the device hits the crops with light. some of it is reflected back and analyzed when the soonest. the other nice thing is that we can estimate the yields here very accurately before the harvest. also sees a method. this measurement is off and even more accurate than what's guessed during the actual harvest. part of the economic advantages are obvious for one that allows farmers to calculate income more accurately. and the as human

should also be good for the environment. you're going to loose bag and shows how it could work. because measuring an entire field by hand is to laborious his team is mounted this sensor on a tractor for to be precise to sensors on it's out riggers one on the left. the other on the right then the entire field is scanned. the sensors record crop conditions and every square meter on organically forms fields like this one. the soil can be highly variable, as well as plant grows, especially if fertilizer is only used sparingly. but that's precisely the aim to use resources optimally and efficiently. a gps device also records the exact location of every measurement. after being recorded, the entire field is converted into digital maps. they show where the plants are

growing particularly well. i'm not the filter that's marked in green on the mouth, and we're nutrients, or water, or low, are marked in rad. this is in your s 1000000, steve. so title, this is the distribution pattern for yields will fall. so is the area here uniform, or does it reveal big differences in yield? an example ice cream. so now we harvest an average of around 5 tons of weight on this farm. but in some places we only harvest 2 and, and others aid on know that's a big difference. so it was still interesting. but even with a tractor and the effort required to create detailed maps is huge loose bag and says satellites can obtain the data more easily. so yes, but we're, we're comparing satellite data with sensor data to see whether we find the same pattern. and if the values match out to include auto selected strikingly accurately to young, cuz it's like the same math, i think the 1st 6 i'd be glad you called the math created by the satellite,

looks like this. the tractor map has better resolution, but the general information is the same in the southern german village of mused off farmer, close to on z being a is using satellite maps like these, with the support of agricultural technician, tennessee zip showed up the data from recent years helps them calculate the average yields that how much seat is needed on the green areas are especially productive red areas less so double bit indeed here in this small area you don't even have to use fertilizer or maybe not emitted completely, but reduce the amount and save costs and it's not only about using less fertilizer. the 2 also very the amount of seed being planted depending on soil quality. that also cuts costs in the morning,

the hard ones on mice all saying we want to. so our maze today. and we want to do it in a targeted way. so not blanketing the entire area with the same number of seeds, but planting more in the good zones and less than the bad ones. meaning i saw elsewhere are the details of where and how much is to be so now are all stored on a us be stick z being a has to physically take the stick to his driver. like many places in germany, wireless service is poor out on his fields. now he has the stick and can get started on the computer controlled track to reach the data and sets off. the driver is only there to maneuver the vehicle around any obstacles and turn it around at the end of the field.

otherwise, the tractor automatically follows its program sewing track, leaving new gaps or overlaps. it drops the previously calculated amount of seed into the soil very precisely. but despite the cutting edge technology, you can, who's stag, and believes that yields in germany at least, can be increased by much more let's say 5 of now the question is, what do you use digitalization for? what's the primary goals do? what is it to increase yields? is it to save money? enough, money achieving an absolute increase in yield is rare, and the absolute highest yield isn't always the most sustainable yield deposit for him. one thing is certain, just using this latest technology alone is not enough to protect the environment and now to a completely different used to soil. as a building material,

clay has been used in homes and other structures throughout human history. it's a green and long forgotten alternative to concrete. the components in today can be found practically everywhere. it's 100 percent recyclable, and can be used in a wide range of after patients. ethan office buildings wouldnt elements been through the air. the hottest building near boswell is being built quickly. at 1st glance, the real innovation and the structures design is hard to spot, puts it in the ceiling. yeah, i'm just saying we developed a system whereby we can what we've excavated the clay into the ceiling is involved with a clay exposed to the indoor climate engineer. nico hall's had the idea for a ceiling made from wood and clay together with his team. he looked closely at c o

2 footprints from a range of building materials based on vacation, concrete ceilings are cheapest, but also by far the worst element in terms of emissions. so concrete contributes in a big way to climate change because of its binding agent cement. in switzerland alone, concrete makes up 2 thirds of all building material. 40000000 tons and your life clay could replace at least some of that concrete. in addition to a good seo to balance it has other positive properties. as we'll see what works in terms of fire protection, fee, storage, humidity regulation and also is a sound until later we can solve many problems with this combination of wood and clay. what is key to stability and helps protect the material from weathering? too fast clay has some weak points. water, it can cause it to dissolve. for instance, it's also fairly soft, so it doesn't bear loads. well, that's where materials research can help lena,

band and colleagues at the switch, federal laboratories for material science and technology are working on improving plays mechanical properties. their aim is defined and environmentally friendly binding agent. the odyssey of like cement is making very good somehow to my tail gets much better. we get some, some my time, which is has a good mechanical springs. they have also, there was some resistance issues that we kind of destroyed. the advantage of this, the ecological of survey, low ecology called footprint. so the researchers are testing a magnesium based binding agent that's delivered good results. the aim is to soon start making clay bricks commercially. and the team also wants to come up with a recipe for clay that can be poured like concrete. the game is not to replace concrete completely, but to use a lot less of it. when it would be raise it,

i think we'd be able to see the house, buildings results, concrete. we should keep concrete for infrastructure for bridges. 4 panels and housing should be in other materials. and concrete clay is an ideal building material because it's largely made from earth. and is therefore available at any building sites, the swift constructions that there could theoretically use 20 to 30000000 tons of excavated material every year. like in this project where the excavated doors is processed in a kind of on site factory. but automatic processing is still very time consuming and expensive. it's still involved. lots of manual labor named clay is way behind the time. it was forgotten as a building material in the last century. but if we can develop it intensively and also automate processing, it will have fewer disadvantages. and then you can also at the site clay has to be

tempted by hand into each of the $800.00 or so wouldn't elements. each element costs around 9000 euro. the price at the finished structure has yet to be calculated, but it's expected to be around 10 percent higher than a conventional building. so it's side, if at the, at the moment the ceiling cost is more than a reinforced concrete ceiling. but that's your change in the future in the more contractors offer ceilings like this, the less they'll cost at the end, in terms of cereal. the ceiling shouldn't cost more than a reinforced concrete ceiling does. and that's why i'm confident that the price will drop over time into cost off one second. clay as an alternative to concrete ammonia experts, there's a lot of interest and increasing pressure to build more sustainably, is making this page in building materials increasingly attractive.

that wraps it up this time on dw science show. thanks for joining us and see you again soon on tomorrow. today, the

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