nuclear weapons, and they seem to be increasingly pre pads to use them, at least some of them, if you believe the rhetoric about their i wanting science that can no longer be ignored. the international comparing to a ball is nuclear weapons says these countries spent more than $90000000000.00 us dollars on the nukes last. yeah, i guess who's accounting for 80 percent of that amount. i'll give you a hint. it's not russia, it's not showing up and no, not india either. it's the united states spending more tex pay a money on it's new k. i also know that all the others come by. i've got office in berlin and this is the day the very recently, the last 2 to 3 is the number of deployed warheads, which operationally ready to use has increased basic, alter,

inflicted strategic defeats on russia, which has the largest hospital of nuclear weapons demonstrate sticks, dream adventures and of west and politicians, we don't on the face and different challenges from russia, but also from china, which is not heavily mobile noticing the nuclear it capabilities in the air, in a competition for great power status. and that's as seen as involving nuclear weapons. and new test items as well. also on the day ross's present environment puts you in is traveling to north korea for tools within the the conjunction. and the last time he was that was nearly 25 years ago. so why now? i think this is part of a broader dynamic and then also one specific to the bilateral relationship. the broader dynamic is that we're really saying we being united, save united states, europe and our allies are seeing the joining if you will, of what i would call and ask so, so the groceries consisting of china, russia, ron,

and north korea. we begin today with a warning that the world could be entering a new nuclear rage in the past. yeah, all nuclear of nations have increased best spending on weapons of mass destruction at a time. and global stability is being severely sprained by conflicts and competition . the international companion to abolish nuclear weapons says global spending on nuclear weapons increased by 13 percent lost yet the united states is way ahead of the rest. and it's also behind myself, the latest global increase boss, old 9 nations. i'm modernizing that new care off of those, according to a separate report from the store called international peace research institute. china is expanding as new care also faster than any other country. it increased, it stops from 410 to 500 warheads in the past year in the us,

us and the increase slightly products as don remains the main focus of institutions . but it now appears to be exploring longer range weapons, nuclear weapons at the center of north korea's security strategy as well. it has nearly doubled the size of its stuff. file, the stucco and international piece. we tried. the research institute rolls at nuclear weapons have not played such a prominent role in global relations since the cold war. for example, north korea says it conducted drills in april that simulated a nuclear account to attack. for the 1st time, photos show at least 4 rockets with multiple heads being fired from launch vehicles . stage media said the rockets flew nearly 350 kilometers before hitting that targets us and russia has been carrying off nuclear drills in recent weeks along side as a liability roof rush of detroit tactical nuclear missiles to build

a roof. last is a part of its efforts to discourage west and support will ukraine? that exercise position some of the fragments nokia still fall, several 100 kilometers closer to natal territory. this increased focus on weapons of mass destruction comes at a time when will political rivalries and the economic inequality is a rife, the direct self is still comb. international piece research institute then smith wants that is a dangerous cocktail. he says, well, now in one of the most dangerous periods in human history, the abyss is beckoning. and it is time for the grade pals to step back and reflect, preferably together. let's bring into mole. she's a senior research associate at the massachusetts institute of technology and security studies program. welcome to the day. now with these numbers out today,

do you think the world has become a more dangerous place as well? without del, it's the combination of 2 things. one is all the nuclear weapon states, or expanding either their arsenals, order arsenals, capabilities, at the same time, this is happening. we see a decline in us, russian arms control. since 1986, it was reference to your report since 1986, a number of nuclear weapons has gone down each year, driven largely by russian and american arms control base. they after all have 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons. and so when they cut those numbers went down, but they've stopped cutting. and the other countries are building their stop power building and sophistication, britain as uh now expand it. it's cap for potential nuclear arsenal by 200 weapons trying is building missile silos. and with each development in the other countries

responding current. so now the united states, which is far more nuclear weapons, then joining a far bigger military in china made his last week that well, it may need to build more nuclear weapons to respond to china. which of course is responding to the us. so there's competition. the potential for an on race is growing at the very moment when the international institutions and agreements are falling apart. and that is not a good combination with the us being responsible for 18 percent of that increase in spending on nuclear weapons. is the us driving this? i don't think that spending is driving in here. it's worth, again reminding ourselves of the us and russia have kept caps on their nuclear weapons. so they've not been building additional nuclear weapons. what they've done is improve their capabilities and the things that i can do,

but they kept the numbers the same and flat, but that really is set to expire. and soon we will be on the precipice of every one building more weapons and having no limitations to your question. the us has contributed to the situation in general, the assistant and supporting up today. roy, basically, since the end of the cold war, people stop paying attention to nuclear weapons. we've had such great success, all sorts of trees reduce the stop files by nearly 60000 nuclear weapons. and then when the cold war ended, we said, well, you know, the threat, so we're, we're done with that, we're going to move on to other things. and now having ignored it for all these years, it is come back with a vengeance. the journeys will say, well, we have to build more because the us is building missile offenses and the larger arsenal. and the us is going to say, well, john's building, we have to build more. so we have fundamentally lost track of the overall directive to reduce nuclear weapons because they represent

a potential extinction event. instead, we're back to the old ways. well, if you have some, i want one more than you do it. you have, let's look at china. china is rapidly expanding, it's no chaos, know why and why now, as well, i think it is and, and still it's starting at a lower number, right. the us and russia have 90 percent. that will call it 10000 nuclear weapons to make it easy. the china is about 600, right? so if you don't, it's not one for one, but still trying to has always, traditionally at a lower r, as in what is changed to things. one chart is a growing power. it has more resources, it feels like it has to have a bigger place on the stage, but more importantly, what they perceive is a security threat. the u. s. officials have said that they want to ring china with missile defenses. they try to see those missile defenses as a threat to their strategic to terms. if our missile defenses can shoot down all

their nuclear weapons and they only have only have $600.00, then they are vulnerable to all attacked by the us. so what is the naturally, unfortunately rational response to that, to build more missiles, and that's why we used to have 3 that prevented missile defense. so countries would not get involved in orange racing. we abandoned those treaties. and now what, what do we have? orange racing. it shouldn't be a surprise, but it is a danger. none the less sounds very much like back in the cold war. uh, do you think that the us and china, for example, should engage in talks to limit this on source? of course they should, they should have been doing it for decades. rather short. it has had nuclear weapons since 1964. there's never been a us, a chinese arms control negotiation. never, not in 75 years. in fact,

all the countries that own nuclear weapons have never ever sat down together to negotiate on that topic ever. it has, i said we have a lot of, we had success but were a lot of missed opportunities. you know what the end of the cold, where we had a chance to really shut this down in a more fundamental. why? but the us, you know, well we one and they didn't want to really talk to the chinese and chinese, we're a tiny play or any way. well, you know, fast forward 40 years or whatever and you're suddenly not that situation anymore. and you haven't talked to john and you haven't talked to china and now certainly they don't want to talk. and that's what you be, that's what you read when you plant those seats. so this, i think immediately the thing to do is to start talking, right? the n p t, the most important nuclear treaty in the world, obliges the nuclear weapon states to bargain in good faith, article 6 bargain in good faith to eliminate their nuclear weapons. you'd think the

1st thing they could do is sit down and talk to each other about it. stop talking, always good advice from jim walsh from the security studies program at the massachusetts institute of technology. thank you very much for sharing your expertise with us to thank you. i of the now, after months of speculation is finally happening. the russian president vladimir putin is due in north korea on tuesday for a 2 day visits. it will be his 1st trip to the country in nearly 25 years. it's the latest demonstration of deepening ties between put in a north korea's liter, kim jump thought. why now all east asia correspondent james chase. i look said what's behind this partnership? your green leader came join in russia last you shaking hands with his russian counts upon the lot to my present demand. he now caused an invincible come read the

notes on this trip to north korea and just said, racing with came the latest demonstration of deepening toys between moscow and fuel . yeah, that throughout the series of the united states of june, close to since russia lost its full scale invasion of ukraine. finding friendship, i mean growing global life selection. but it's the relationship that still concerns in the west. south korean and us officials say the north has been feeding the russian bull machine, sending millions of munitions to must go. they say russia in return has provided north korea with military technology and economic kate in defiance of un resolutions. sold in washington have held an emergency cool to discuss the visit. but despite the western criticism, the kremlin said it has every right to develop ties withdrawn yet and shouldn't be challenged for doing so. this comes this tensions on the korean peninsula,

steadily built the us and south career recently conducted joints. error exercises, teaching a b, one strategic boma to allow for the shooting for you did the 1st precision guided building drill in 7 years. south korea this month scrapped and military packed with the north, allowing it to resume combat drills on the shared folder. so for ritz pod said, it was responding to a barrels of north korean balloons filled with vcs and trash that was sent towards the start of his bringing the g. lazy as an, as an fellow at the east west centre in honolulu, hawaii, and joins us from the entry previously spent many years as a journalist, coverage north korean heading the associated press bureau and john young gene. welcome to the day. kim john read the host for an latest. so why say receiving, pushing now at this point in time, we are watching this closely because north korea has been so close off the field,

the borders at the start of the code 19 pen clinic. there's been very little traffic in and out. of course, many embassies shuddered their doors temporarily and diplomats and aid workers left . so there's parent been very little traffic across the board. they are very strategically open me up and extending invitations to specifically chinese and russian officials that would be the highest profile of peter to make a trip all the way to town. yeah, that's just the pandemic. and that is a huge property on a cruise for king john i bought from kim actually offer to flooding the. i mean, this is a time when north korea has something that russian needs, it's not, doesn't happen very often, but mostly it does has stopped positive munitions that, that would certainly like to use and has been using in the campaign in ukraine. and that is, of course, a violation of un sanctions. they're very other kind of very few other countries

that are willing to support that campaign. but here is something that north korea has that he can offer to him for once. and so it has become a very transactional and useful relationship for both sides because of course, or create is extremely isolated at this point, need fuel aid and also some technology to get its nuclear program to the next level. so certainly while this is a huge propaganda crew for conjunction, we're also looking closely at the kind of military arrangements that might come out of this meeting. now what do you like and how would this new kim preteen alliance that isn't that new all to the security balance in the, in the pacific region. yeah, this is a traditional relationship. russia in north korea and it's been a relationship that has been there for many years. however, it has been

a very strong one. it, it was in wayne's, but this is a time when they came down to get her in defiance of the united states and your science of the west. and i think that we're seeing the results of that, for example, bike flouting the us security council resolutions. also closer to question the set of un security council is these countries are willing to just boldly flout those regulations. and so it does call into question the effectiveness of some of these international regimes that are put into place to regulate behavior by both nations . but it's also a sign of course of that deepening risk between russia and it's few allies and united states and its allies certainly makes any action on north korea as their conditions grow more and more difficult. now if we're talking about north korea, we also need to talk about china. how does bait gene view all of this? i think this is a very tricky dance. of course china stanz,

i'm in so many ways with russia serves as a big brother and lifeline for north korea. but i do think china recognizes that it's not that straightforward and is trying to play this play, this complicated game of standing with these partners against the west without completely jeopardizing its relationships with for example, south korea. so one of the interesting backdrops to this pollutant visit to piano is that you will have high, a high level meeting between chinese officials and south korean officials in sol. so china, i think, is also, i would imagine nervous about the kinds of arrangements that might be made in kenya this week because their priority of course, is stability. and any, any trade in military technology that could advance the program certainly makes it

more difficult for them to maintain stability in the region. so i think that the chinese are watching this very carefully, outwardly, supporting russia in north korea, but perhaps privately concerned about what the amount of this relationship as well . um you said you think that any attempts by the us to have been gauge north korea as i effectively hopeless? or do we see uh, can we see another charm offensive if, if trump gets re elected a score, i certainly think that that's what jim john lee is hoping and if you're king john, you're thinking, why would i bother with abided ministration this year? when there's the potential to have a relationship, a resume, a friendship with my good friend donald trump. so even though there's negotiations didn't work out in 2018 in 2019, i believe that controller thinks that there may be more of a chance of getting back to that negotiation. perhaps if donald trump were terms of

the white house, that's a big issue. and so what we're seeing right now is north korea edging it's, that's it. there's no reason why they shouldn't put all their eggs to the basket right now with russia. but certainly they're looking, they're waiting and watching to see what happens with a huge selection daily that that's on the fellow at the east west center and home literally. thank you very much for joining us on the day. a, as i know we come to a natural events of trudy, biblical proportions, the biggest invasion of cicadas in over 200 years. is it the united states to so whole broods are emerging from the ground at the same time, creating massive swarms and as loud as low noise. we'll talk to a scientist cicada scientist in a moment. but 1st, let's take a look at what's happening in the us. it's being called a cicada pocket lapse,

but although they have zombie red eyes, the insects in a group known as magistrate k to or periodicals a gate is don't bite transmit disease or pose a danger to eco systems. they are pretty loud. magic cicada adults around only for a few weeks emerging from under ground to meet and lay eggs on trees. before dying . young insects cold nymphs hatched from the eggs after several weeks fall to the ground and burrow in the num spend many years living in the soil. feeding on the roots of plants before all of them emerge at once, molten 2 adults and begin the cycle all over again. not all periodical cicada is emerge in the same years. those that appear at the same regular intervals in the same geographic locations are called broods over a dozen broods are found in a range covering most of the eastern united states. 2 of the largest are now

emerging simultaneously. it's the 1st time these 2 brutes have come out together since $1803.00 i. and that's because one of the brutes only emerges every 17 years while the other emerges every 13 years to prime numbers and overlapping. emergence of both populations, therefore only happens every 221 years. up to a trillion of the insects could appear in the coming weeks. then these 2 large broods of cicadas, modem merge at the same time again until 2245. on this page, at least he is, and then anthem ologist, i think, joins us from wisconsin university page it at any measures that people should take off of and buying earplugs and that's about all you really need to do.

these insects are really quite harmless. they don't bite or sting. there's perhaps a little bit of concern in that they can cause some damage to plants. although large trees in the landscape tend to tolerate this just fine. but if you had a small tree or shrub, you could consider covering it with some fine mesh, many. and now i've been hearing that some people have actually before hanging them up and eating them. uh, is that advisable? it is certainly something that can be done and they are non toxic. they don't contain any chemical, defend cease, and really they're highly palatable for wildlife. and in some cases, humans have tried these as well. recently, myself and colleagues were involved with an outreach event here in the state of wisconsin in the midwestern part of the united states. and we actually had a local restaurant, prepare some dishes entrees and desserts made from periodicals decade us. and that sounds appetizing and i was reading up on this and one thing i was reading is

a bit with that a mind controlling fungus has been turning some of these cekada into 6th up zombies. uh, how does that work? yeah, so this sounds like something out of a science fiction movie, but there's a very particular phone guess, masters for a sick, a dyna and it has evolved with these insects. and what it does is it infects individuals, and if it happens to be a male cicada, it destroys some of their anatomy and essentially replaces their reproductive structures. those infected males then attempt to mate with both males and females. other cicadas and well this is going on, the fungus is producing some amphetamine like compounds which are likely involved in altering its behavior. and so when they try to meet with other individuals, a key does. it's spreading the spores around. but in the grand scheme of things,

it's a relatively small percentage of the population that's effected by this disease. spill. it sounds very pleasant. i'll say yes. on the ground, the cekada is only have limited time above ground 2 made so they get extremely loud . how do they do this? so it's in males, the kiddos that are saying, and on the side of their bodies, the males possess these membrane like structures called timbales. and attached to the temples are muscles that are able to contract very rapidly. in addition for males, they're abdomen is essentially hollow, so they have these vibrating membranes in a hollow abdomen. if you think about it, it is almost as if they have evolved to become living musical instruments. and when those membranes vibrate, it causes the production of sound which they are producing simply for meeting purposes to attract females. and briefly, even though it sounds very biblical,

they're not as dangerous as low cost of they know they're not historically, they've been blamed for things such as crop damage because historically they were at times referred to as locust. but locus or a type of grasshopper that can damage plants, really these cicada is that we're seeing here in united states are quite harmless. thank you very much, peter. at least that a c k that expert from wisconsin university. thank you. a ssl for today. football team on social media as d. w, nunes, and for now from me and the entire team all the day. thanks for spending part of your day with us. the

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