for almost 50 degrees menu of fuel would not even know what it feels like to be standing here right now. in fact, neither did i until a few years ago. hello and welcome. i'm sorry to go throughout the annual, watching eco, india, and rights. now we're in india, as capital, knew that to hear the jump to chosen the foss months have been reaching. zach ward heights residents have been suffering from heat stress like never before for us to show to them this temperature is a challenge like no other. i keep getting these goosebumps because of the heat. i did not even know it was possible. our devices overheat and gone for we got the water, something for the hydration, and umbrella and the sweat cloth to keep our heads on faces. cool. but

we can't afford this elaborate pat of fun area and all sorts they fix when we need them the what about lacks and lacks of those guns around 90 percent of people in india work in the informal sector. their livelihoods depend on them being out here under the sun. last to those, the large i see this time with the question. what 1000, what them into that out and this is viani when it is this, or do we get 6 month old? often with the call include funeral or even the insight out about climate change is making heat waves longer and hot all across the globe. and also in india, a recent study found the extreme temperatures in india in may, 4, made $45.00 times more likely as

a result of global warming. human binding of fossil fuels is allows me to release energy from the sun is limited by the us into the atmosphere as heat babies. greenhouse gases like c o 2 and maintain, reflect some of the fix that this makes the warmer overall it was into the burning of fossil fuels in cars and that sees on me xena machines, some like stuff heat is affecting the health off many walk us also incomes from adults predicted to baker door on india. productivity with the loss of working all was in 2050, amounting to the equivalent of 34000000 for time job. but the, the push one for that changed over to and they put into too much negative. good to go to the point that gets to good and that you can come in so they can get better jobs and not have to take costs as and as the hospitals have been reporting to be using cases of heat stroke patients symptoms. and you would see via the hydration,

digestive complaints and seizures, there is an increased risk of college and organ female and even death. we are right outside ron bundle are really yeah. plus, which is, which is one of the cities be yes. the hospital is done by the central government and was the 1st to set up a special heat stroke unit in india. patients into a degree condition in must you then inflatable boxed up, filled with dice to pour down. therefore, the temperature. some require artificial respiration. calling dumps are also used to treat patients in a more stable condition. this works up to a keys and households with access to a double dice. even use stroke, patients can be managed at home also if everybody's having the refrigerator and they have worked up so they can the most the person in an ice cold war to bring the temperature. it takes off an hour to 40 minutes for the temperature to go down,

and then simultaneously call for the ambulance and transfer the patient to the hospital. such a emergencies are only likely to increase climate change has been driving up to with temperatures, on average by 1.3 degrees celsius. since the pre industrial era, in less than 50 yards over 2200000000 people in india. i mean, that's why lee could be living in temperatures beyond human dollar. and so going to a studies there is a growing consensus among scientists that extreme heat needs to be classified as a major dissolve to for under dissolves, to manage control. that would take the emergency funding for measures like the creation of sheets, spaces, 3 water distribution, others reorganization of school is scheduled. as india keeps getting hotter and hotter, people are,

will be looking for innovations to help combat to be in fact of climate change. and they've got to the admissions that are causing it agriculture as a sector that is responsible for a part of the daughters greenhouse gas emissions, which are responsible for warming our planet. but it is also a sector that is heavily impacted by rising temperatures. making changes can be difficult for farmers, but that are schemes that can offer the incentive to promote these changes by changing the way they walk off almost can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions on the fields and exchange these for credits which can lead to, it'll be exchanged for actual money, but how can invisible emissions be created? well, let's see, feel, says, are put into a good, a farmer and numbered sense has made the switch to sustainable agriculture. she practices 0 to this bombing, wheat fields, i'm not allowed before. so

a traditional goes duration usually involves stealing it's remove, done, profess the story for granting what it can lead to. so i think the nation and it, it was you got no longer bones, crumbs w, i the using it for marching. instead, this reduces images and aids moisture, retention free and on the land and after pasadena full of we can easily agree with the v like a the somebody which is in the know feed a we put the greens on it. and then we again, with the cut the puff, gartner, we've got that the stumble and that all set those down and you know, bombed is moms and with the blame it, it has to grow. so that can uh, save diesel. uh, also uh, north buttoning of somebody, she learned about the status on me to go in to go. the start of his farm was did reach cobb and credits the adopt plan with century practices. i think go indigo

stuff also regularly visits, funds during the when it's about just being able to met the whole get that said that it cannot get back on academic for example 0 delayed, you beat it bill. so he thought when it moves carbon dioxide from the and but it's like that, but it's like funding a 3 underground carbon grid. it's a certificate that domestic for international companies or organizations can buy to all sick the own carbon footprint. follows who to do is greenhouse gas emissions receive payments for the credit. the company gauges the impacts as well as that is possible. what has company going to go? does it measures important? defies the environment, the benefits and the companies that it will pay for this benefit level, the unsustainable and the money that comes close to the farmers. so that is all about the government the star tests, but it follows thieves with the latest technology to keep track of cobb and savings . employees born into each fees with the head of satellite images.

the data is fed into a mathematical model which then predicts the image is saved within a defined period one certified carbon unit. is it close to one dental, 5 and outside? now how much is one done? oh, $5.00 and outside. it's almost driving 4000 kilometers because you say that again, there's no jobs, families, hope the goblin credit team will provide additional revenue get now the verification process of school. well, the sale of pick up with credits will be completed by the end of the year growing, then they will know how much they have. the potential benefits of, of almost a clear but excludes will and that the international copland fading system is not without its done site. it has its own climbing cords. and it will have to understand that the emission reductions that are generated within

india, how are they to be sorted outside india in what conditions at what price? because any credit that it's sort of outside india is that the cost of discounting it from and goes on plan with the interest in the government credit scheme is growing. switching to more sustainable methods. introducing c o 2 emissions gifts fund was a john. simple thing on making environment, p finicky out the go to an attractive financial prospect to fossil fuels. i bought of the major causes for climate change and we do need to move away from them. but this is not as easy. how does a state like tie carton which has over a quarter to the industrial to causes of uh, fines, new and origin or jobs for the 2 of us. and this isn't just a problem in india. let's have to germany's origin, which was once the countries follow house to see how they are making this

transition. which is industry that leads phasing out over the next few decades. the global fossil fuel industry is going to change and with a new opportunities, jobs, and even levels of preston parity with the rise. but for one region germany, the transition is most critical is and if i can contribute to driving this hydrogen production, i'll be extremely proud of myself. and as i can, if it doesn't work in the region, it won't work anywhere. under the ruler valley used to be germany's industrial power house with its coal mines and steel manufacturing. the region is located in germany's far west, close to the netherlands and belgium section. so it says i used to be a coal mine, but operations ended in the late 19 eighties. now it houses the museum, as well as offices for tech companies. let's just keep us here. what's happening here is preservation through conversion and transformation. i think you can see

that very well here. you can take good experiences from it, and those are transferable over the top of coal from germany's will region hasn't been economically viable since the 19 sixty's when plans were made to shut down the regions. coal production workers, they are organized unions, politicians and industry banded together to support the miners. what is my husband comes unemployed? what then? that little bit of hope that lights up we shine of the women from day one. that's also going to vanish. the german government important money into coal companies to keep these jobs. but realizing that coal wasn't future proof, politicians change their strategy, choosing to retrain workers and support small businesses. it's a process experts say worked well, but the political experiments had to be abandoned. in the 1990s, after germany's re unification, public funding was diverted to germany's eastern regions that were in dire need of investment. even today,

the roar lags behind the rest of germany. but one thing has worked well for the region, the push towards education and research for the past 20 years. the hydrogen and fuel cells center into sports has brought scientists, industry, and politicians together and researches new technologies. because the region is still looking for new sources of energy. if you see me and we have a very large chemical industry, we have a very large steel industry and we've growing up with industry. and therefore, as part of our gene was always done by the fact that we are an industrial region and the chance to make this technology this industry green now is a great opportunity for us. and it has great potential there developing technologies that can use hydrogen as a power source for german industry and consumers. some on such a grew up in the roy area, tend to always want you to work on renewable energy sources like hydrogen, fuel cells. otherwise, we can use it to achieve emissions,

free electricity generation and defy can be positive driving these hydrogen production forward. and then i'll be extremely proud of myself, but software. over the next few years, the roar valley will be uniquely positioned to gain from germany's push towards hydrogen, because a lot of the infrastructure is already in place. the region will connect into a hydrogen grid, because germany can produce enough hydrogen itself. it will import it. but while the networks construction is supposed to start in 2024 team funding questions remain unsolved. still, industry insiders and politicians are a big that hydrogen will transform the ruler valley. this view far? yeah, really does exist. simply because if it doesn't work out in the region, then it was work anywhere else in europe or in germany. and i believe that all actors are aware of the kind of exemplary character. we have 4 page contract to off

of the list. but not every, when in the transitions, you know, recent wage settlement, still workers work with coke, but you're rivet of, of cold are seeing their working hours in wages decline. but experts say the hydrogen boom will bring thousands of new jobs and preserve manufacturing jobs that already exist. and the roar valley we expect that the labor market will pick up in these existing industrial areas rather than in the generation of renewable energy itself. and then germany is still in the process of quitting cold, and the war region is still struggling with at least 50 years of transition. other regions that need to do the same, a struggle to what many regions probably don't have is that drive the power and also the financial resources and all of this, it costs a lot of money. that's for sure. it's difficult to say for sure how much the

transition away from coal will cost germany's war region in the end. but it's safe to say that the transition will cost many billions of yours. do you know what the energy is essentially to come back to in climate change and sort of our is a growing chunk of the teen energy by in india and beyond. most of us would have seen a solar panels somewhere on the top of the building. maybe, you know, sort of fall or even in balconies, but the solar panels on desk sustainable as we like to be the regular sort of sales, you know, i made with silicon and they actually quite inefficient that converting some light into energy only about 20 to 25 percent of sunlight can be captured on a commercial size, but that silicon needs to be mine and purified in energy intensive processes that require more than $1000.00 degree celsius of heat. i bought

a new material called corrupt cut might actually be able to solve all of this can be easily synthesized and doesn't need to be mind like silica as it can work on to in film. so you probably a smart house speaker, but it also it can go on your roof to understand why it says appear out to you a spend that silicon. so i went here the handheld, sent home in berlin. they've been researching postcards as son, absorbing materials for about a decade. hey, hey, how you doing? good. and this is the guy in charge of the research and steve, i even said world records for the most efficient barrels kinds solar cells. so on a very basic level, what does perhaps kind of look like the temper off guard is a very generic term for a specific crystal structure, right? you can see that here over there. so the crystal structure has the x 3 formula. and like each component is the sort and i,

the element or molecule. one of the most common combinations in this structure is methyl ammonium as the a on the corners. the metal lots for be in the center and the chloride or iodide as the x which form around the metal. but there's quite a vast range of materials that can be used and combined. and it's quite wild how easily these can be put together. oh, this is 11 fine, and before we do that, security 1st as we're going to work with toxic flat with one of the products, it's good to go look at it. like i mentioned that an okay time to get an hour based materials. matthew mixes methyl ammonium, chloride, and let i o die too late to create a b x for you. crystal structure. by the way, everything happens in these boxes so that no water or oxygen comes in contact with our precious pulse kite. so what is now the advantage of these

materials compared to silicon? so i believe that one of the main advantages of prostate or silicon as material is the ease of processing. so silicon is something that is relatively energy intensive to fabricate. but this is something that can be done at post to room temperature, so it doesn't require much energy. so it's easy to do. everything is relatively abundant. and so, um it, it's, it shouldn't be a bottleneck for production. so these base materials are more abundant then silicon ends are easier to process. now we have the base materials, but how do we make us some absorbing pair off skies out of it? so i deposit uh the solution of prostate and then it spins up quite fast. so something like, uh, 4000 revolutions for permanent. and then i dropped on the following solution and

that drives the, the crystallization. the method that matthew is using his cold spin coaching. but perhaps kind soto sales can also be directly printed onto surfaces using similar processes to those useful printing newspapers. another method is yvette parades and perhaps guides onto surfaces. spin coatings usually takes place in the lab environment and can be tedious. matthew accidentally dropped the glass, not a big problem in the lab environment, but for commercial production, this is not viable. matthew gives it a 2nd try and this time everything works. after the spin coaching, it goes on to a heating plate and the darkening shows us that the crystals are being formed. it works the same way as when salt water evaporates and you start to see the salt. they're all sales like this one here, which are only made out of rough guy, but in many cases there's a silicon layout beneath the of the cells. i called 10 themselves and looked like

this right now, they are the most promising candidates when it comes to increasing the efficiency of solar cells. but at some point, it might be possible to a balance that it can completely test that 10 themselves efficiency. the research was at hand, hard sent home, use a some simulator. it determines exactly how much sunlight is converted into electricity. what kind of efficiency that we just met? so when we measure almost 30 percent, it's a quite nice achievement. why does it tend them? so a cell reach that much more efficiency than single jacksonville. so sometimes a lot samples may much more use of the incoming lights, so we have a lot. so low spectrum, there's a lot of things they channel the spectrum, the parents guide. so also in this case makes use of the visible wavelength. so everything which we can see by i, it's been converted into pay arrows got installed on sale into electrical energy.

whereas the infrared light passes through the parasite sale and he's been converted into silicon salsa which is quite deficient you converting infrared light. so the share of the spectrum in each cell is very efficient. and the reason it doesn't sound like that much, but i just has me this way, roughly 50 percent more. some lights can be converted into electrical energy. so more overall sunlight can be a soft spot to con by any of these tendons. so yeah, because before they go into serious productions, there's a lot of stuff that needs to be fixed. a major issue is the stability of peril scott structures using 10 themselves. they're also got structures easily put together at low temperatures as we saw earlier, but they also come apart easily. even the charges that travel through the pearl, scott and the solar cell can create defects and destroy the power of god. structures. also, external factors like moisture, heat, oxygen, and u,

v light can break it down further and quickly decrease its record breaking efficiency. this whole process is called degradation, which researches and companies are trying to fight with different forms of m calculation. it's use of the solar modules from accidental influences and is an essential spent for commercialization to sales, which is part of a do a p and academia and industry partnership plans to develop commercial sized modules with an efficiency of 26 percent of a lifetime of 30 gifts, oxford p, a company founded by oxford university graduates has reached and efficiency of 28.6 percent and supposedly sold the degradation issue already. but both companies haven't published verifiable data yet. that also isn't even a lot of research on real world outdoor tests. and until now, we've only talked about the technical side of things about 10 of them. so let's

have another thing coming. if have about skype is going to go anywhere, it will need to be cheaper then press to that ordinary crystallized set it cut on a pad well basis. this is jenny chase. she's analyzed the solar market for 18 years and found that the solar analysis team at blue book. and yes, let's go to be the one a cost per watt, which is coming to $12.00 us cents per well. and it will be 12 by next year according to the international renewable energy agencies since 2010 costs for electricity from solar have declined. but 89 percent globally, it's now more expensive to install silicon panels. then it is to make them meaning the limiting factor for solar on manufacturing costs. but grid connection land permits all labeled for installation. it really comes down to the company that sells the cost and stability fact uh, amount of just to get these at the stable volume production will make a lot of money. if nobody does,

then solar will still get billed. one company that claims it has sold the degradation issue is ox for tv. it says together with partners, it comes with the modules in the middle of 2024, and then we'll have utility scale sort of packs with 10 themselves in 2026 or 2027 . looking at today's efficiency number solar parts like that will generate 25 percent more energy then comparable to the console, the parks, solar panels, those have a good rates potential. but there's still a lot of things that need to fall into place for them to work. and i'm really, really curious if they're actually going to be on the market next year on reggie this has now become the was teeth wave that to india has ever seen that it is like you to get to us. but that is still the whole. i'm solutions that can help us prevent the worst possible outcomes of climate change. how is the temperature where

you live and all that any solutions that are actually working? do let us know you can email us or reach out to me directly on my social media handles. i will see you next week until then. they get would by us gosh, the

pack your 1st aid kit. so you can be prepared for anything that could really your vacation, the like travel, sickness, sunburn, mosquito bites, and any other unpleasant travel companions you don't on joining you. join us for our tips for healthy holiday in good shape. on d, w. are you a fan? are you a real fan?

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