of every single connection mapped out and shows the geophysical reality. the on the board is what makes things the way they are mapped out, navigating a changing world now on youtube. so you don't feel the same way you expect and one's different things from life than your parents . i just want to pursue what that's my so on fired or you think you kid is 2 different risk, irresponsible, unreasonable, or some port in those nonsense? i want my son to the doctor. is there an alternative plan? we've done everything to prevent a divorce, but nothing works. so in the, it's time you were a sweet thing for us. and then when generation

is kind of fun, it feels like there's the rate the this might look like a bunch of pipes, but this video isn't about coming. it's about this weed grass that shows all the energy made and used in the united states in 2022. i know it looks complicated and a little boring, but bear with me because it made me realize that there's something fundamentally wrong with how we talk about energy to see distress. a something in common with this one from germany and china and india and australia and basically every country on us. it's this part right here. and it's a single head of the reshape how we think about switching away from fossil fuels to clean and forms of energy like sun and wind. because it turns out we don't need to replace all of the fossil fuels or dining. we actually need to replace

a 3rd of them. here's why. this type of graph is called a thank you flow chart. it's a birds eye view of how energy flows into and through martin society. that's breakdown what's actually going on. the graphs measure the amount of energy at 4 different stages in the energy chain. they called primary secondary final and useful primary energy, easy, original stuff that's used to produce power. whether it's a piece of coal or the wind, that tons of turbine. that primary energy is converted into secondary intentional, which basically makes it transportable. that's the electricity that goes into the grid. well, the petrol that gets sent to a local petrol station. when the electricity or potential gets to you, it's called final energy. this type is going to be really important later on. and then when you actually use it, it's called useful energy. now if we look at where the vast majority of up primary energy comes from, things look really bad. just

by decades of activism and investment in renewables, fossil fuels to supply 80 percent, the world's energy. that's the figure that people who are skeptical about renewables bring up the longer they use it to tell you what's stuck with fossil fuels because it's impossible to replace them in time. fossil fuels right now are 80 percent of the world's energy. all of these plans involved using all solar and wind in the near future. and i think there's no evidence that's doable. and so when can be amazing at all, it can help somewhat, but it's not going to be the main supplier. we are at the for a long time, we shall be made a spa. so if you would civilization beautiful. but the 80 percent number is really on the faf. the story. this graph also shows something that the skeptics i'm talking about very much. and that's all these gray lines. let's see. every stage of this process is inefficient, and some portion of the energy is wasted. it ends up in this huge section here, it's just called rejected energy. and will these flow charts from around the loans are pretty much the same thing. the majority of the energy we produce is wasted.

people are always shocked by the amount of, you know, what we refer to as rejected energy. your wasted energy. that's kimberly may feel the research scientist to leads the team along civil law national laboratory. it makes me strong fine to, to have been drawing them since the middle and the 20th century. let me go find my oldest dusty a. so i'm in here as yellowing paper and they've been in the page protectors here. julie got 1970 us energy flow, looks at the bottom. you can see it. she says that despite the data going back in the 6 decades, most people aren't aware of how. ready deficient of carbon systems. it's not something that you can see. it's not like a select visit garbage bins or rejected energy goes into. i think that if there was a garbage pin where everybody saw wasted electrons piling out and they might really, you know, take notice in and see the rejected energy and the big impact that efficiencies

have. right. so what happens, we take notice of illness and efficiency is any of this actually is fixable from an engineering point of view. it's good fun that's. i'm assuming she's an energy efficiency analyst at the international energy agency, one of the biggest practice of how modern energy systems work. it's like being a detective sometimes. like how can i make this better? you know, what can i do to improve the system? let's go back to the ground. it's pretty easy to see one of the biggest conferences generating electricity. when coal on natural gas is done to move the steam turbine, the majority of that heat is lost to the environment. these are huge tons, these times costs the last part, the equipment costs the loss and they can be in use for maybe 20 or 30 years. so they might start off as being efficient. but by the time they get towards the end of their life, they're getting more and more inefficient. and well, most pallets on operate is claimed to run $0.20. do need to go offline with a full time maintenance. so due to unexpected outages and that creates

a lot to invoice it. energy, it takes time for thing systems to warm up and you get a lot of heat loss just in the system, getting warmed up. so you can go back, can you and have a huge burner for example, and a huge boiler full of metals that needs to he shop itself before it can start getting temperature so that it needs to generate electricity. so there are lots of losses. and that problem gets even worse. so when we push the electricity grade to its limits, that's called pick them up. and when they reach or exceeded utility companies start to turn on all the less sufficient plants to keep up with a demand. even if it's only a tiny, tiny amount over a fund we normally use, we have to bring on line some of the older plans. when we bring online, the older folks there inefficient. and they're not generation at their full capacity. but why not just using energy on this side of the graph? a lot of the majority in fact, gets lost too many go from final energy to useful energy. and that's because of how inefficient fossil fuel based appliances in engines. i think of putting your hand

over a gas stove top, even if you a heating something up, most of the energy from dining, the gas is lost as ambient heat in your kitchen. and you're on 40 percent of that. he's actually being used to cool things. got similar to what happens in a car engine to every leader of petrol that goes into a tank. only about 20 to 30 percent is actually used to move your call. the rest, it's just wasted. whether as demo losses from the engine with the power of other parts of the cause system. and when you add up all the ways in which energy gets lost from heating your home to big industrial processes to moving all about stuff around with the trucks. we get to this crazy number at the end, around to search for the energy that goes in. so it's absolutely no purpose for us . so that sounds pretty bad. but in reality, this is a really good news. that's because renewable energy generate is like solar panels, wind turbines, and hodge of health science don't need to build anything to reduce out of tricity. it's nice that they're more efficient, it's just that we use them straight away. so we use also fuels to generate the

drives, the turbine that generates electricity. when we do a wind turbine or skipping those 1st 2 processes going straight to the turbine, which generates electricity. even when you start doing the losses that come from the grid, battery storage go hydro electric turbines, the vast majority of the energy generated from these sources ends up becoming electricity that you can use as something else really important. what happens if we got rid of fossil fuels, all of the machines we rely on today, and gas in the federal to what would now have to use that a tricity instead. and that makes them way more efficient to let's take that same gas desktop from the phone. if you swap it out with an induction step, which way very do introduce heat. you end up using or on a 3rd of the primary energy going against. i'm talking about switching to anything called you're not using around 90 percent of the energy that goes in to move your call. and some electric options, like heat pumps are able to do 3 or 4 times as much work for the same amount of primary and

a used at the feel base alternative. if we have to replace all current energy use with renewables, i really would be very good question mistake if we can replace off off current and change with energy efficiency and then the other off with renewables and then it looks like that's make in an energy employment policy research reduction, he wrote a paper in 2021 that worked out how much energy we would be using for the year to comply to. so i think we have done it for individual bits of the transition, but no one has been telling them they've been stupid enough to try to plows through world energy. sophistic something. and there's a whole lot. what he found was that we would be saving a lot of energy. in fact, we need about 40 to send the less file energy than we currently do in the. ringback fence or this side of the grid, not that's on the switch to renewables, involves a switch to electricity which helps energy efficiency. so you've got the synergy

between efficiency and renewables. so it's not just costing one off doing the other . when you look at the whole system, the to house healthy it's easy to feel like we're moving way too slow when it comes to transitioning away from fossil fuels. but if we shift thinking away from the amount of stuff we need to put in to the amount of stuff we need to get out, the picture looks a whole lot less. blake, switching to renewables, gives us a lot more bang for our buck. and it means we have to electrify, most of the things we do, which makes us things less energy intensive in the 1st place. and for a lot of us, there's not much we can do individually to change where we get our primary energy. but focusing more on how to efficiently get what we need, something that everyone can do. so the next time you hit climate skeptics i, it's simply too difficult to switch to renewables, and then we simply have to depend on fossil fuels for the sable feature. think back to this graph. so what do you think is getting rid of fossil fuels easier than it seems the comments below or subscribe to our general relation you use for your

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