empty and without, you're all up to date, but stay with us. we have a documentary coming up next, looking at the secrets of what lands and their ability to contain a remarkable amount of carbon nicole for lease from all of us here in the news. remember, lend, thank you so much for joining us by the the innovation green, the green revolution global. so listen to a whole lot of crime. it's probably up to speed if the carriers subscribe to the subscribe to plan is a me

simeon is home to tens of thousands of wetlands proportional to land mass. the country has more wetlands than any other on the planet. berries in marietta ponds its rise here in the woodlands. rich natural beauty drove many visits, the but the woodlands or so important from climate, the in numerous amounts of comp, in a store to use. some is locked in palm, a frost. the will depend that for us to mount massive amounts of comp and would likely be released in to the atmosphere. it's celebrating

climate change. but it's not too late. the recent studies suggest that while these goals in wetlands may pose trends down or so, right, we don't put you in to take the, how much human kind work with the wetlands to come global climate change. the research group from the university of helsinki has arrived in killer busy all of

a lapland in the fall, know the thing, and that hoping to discover whether the palm of frosty is already melting multi effects that could have blown up. be sure to chime or see, that'll do better next . only thing who who, who oh really, so on a this is from one and a half. feet is power and go focus. just ice. yeah. textbook. yeah. so we can use it for long drinks. no thought, i'm not when it feels like that a, my task is to get the dog complete until you get all this long time project is concentrated on palm across on that. so what we want to find out what the process is sets off when it now, okay, let's see that kind of for us, contains huge amounts of mercury. another talk sams,

this one is very so kind of compounds and gases date that cost. so we have a need that we want to know what could be released and what the effect that would have on climate change. while do i mean the next? some components can cover stuff. we have to assume that it moves to the next on the right to tell it to say that what about the desktop industry and, and the northern permafrost, may contain hazards that are as yet unknown to us. the in the summer of 2016 alarming news came from the yamaha peninsula in north western side bay area. a young man had died, a vance rhymes a disease that had been eradicated from the regions 75 years. sonia of a 2000 reindeer died from the disease. an additional 5 adults and 2 children were

infected. the contract was suspected to have sprained from a contaminated reindeer congress, which would lane frozen in the palm of frost the decades. subsequent studies revealed that an exceptionally warm summer had melted large sections of permafrost . the full had apparently revived the i'm frank's bacterium which 1st infected animals, then the reindeer herders. the seems. 2016, no new insurance outbreaks have been detected in yamma the. the mounting of the time of frost times, however, cause damage to buildings. the it also releases

carbon dioxide, amazing. both known ex underwriters of climate change. the, the arctic circle surrounds the noise power to the ground. here contains twice the amount of carbon that is found in the atmosphere in march, if it is stored in the arctic wetlands permafrost, the compound a blessing and the cost. without this that would be known as i phone us at the same time. it's the cause of global warming to greenhouse gases contain compound carbon dioxide. and me, st. is these 2 gases that contribute the most

atmosphere at colming in nature. compound is in constant circulation to wetlands, in northern europe. play a key role in the comp and cycle. yes. uh huh, because you're selling my back and we're still you a whole new metatags to meet insight. he later thought that i think we, we want to understand how common cycles work in the science guys, i guess they all take is the most i, that's kind of a for all something. what else? there was some wetlands on the launch wetlands, so you'd be any while away they are, we want to start the older interactions you might have with that kind of get that a firm just to call up and tell you when it moves from one place to another so now how does it easy to the wherever the comp and store have those here and walk

through it saw since you got the, how does it end up in the atlas van or more in the ocean. the last day that we set about the dive ultimately. so i don't really what i was planning past. there's no notes here in the nor does it. so it's also in the tropics, the vice for regulating us call them by when you only get them to fix on climate the small companies stored in wetlands, then in the anti opponents vegetation, up to the oceans. wetlands of the us launch is common reservoirs. so i thought he left the thought as eco systems, the wetlands absorb carbon from the atmosphere. sylvia, after the ice age, it was continuously drawn from the air, ethical, rusty, if there weren't any wetlands, the atmosphere would today be much richer and carbon. and with every wetland that's destroyed on the carbon gets released into the atmosphere across the beam,

the spa little study has been made of wetland permafrost, so the possible effect of permafrost melt, alonzo, the unknown data must be 94. here's, here's all of us. i'm assuming there's hardly any data from northern regions like this one was in gas measurements like these have only been undertaken in a very few places around the world, especially less on our research thus far as been largely based on assumptions on the federal still up. it's got the last look, see one hypothesis. as the climate rooms the ground becomes walter locked, you'll still, you get all the so last, that's them, it's nothing is the permafrost inside these mountains, now it becomes a puddle like this one here. these release a lot of methane, which is the potent of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. that's one possible scenario that we wind up with these expensive,

what area is all about leaking methane into the atmosphere? it's stuck for force it though it's on the estate of the heat, shoot me an e and hot permafrost inside period has apparently been going to mount some of the ancient frozen silence fine for the 1st time and 10000 years separate and its effects. post traumatic stress for global warming signs at the time of frosts melting had been upset available for some 20 years. now the images are assigned to areas collapsing, permafrost mountains stoked fee is as early as $20.00. 14 scientists concluded that the mounds were filled with me signed, which was being released from the mounting permafrost. the pressure inside them had grown so great that it 1st opened the mountains and

made on a cross section in know if i had them tell us why all these me think right to assign them a are a bit like st. cost yellow, which can be found around the well i think the box in the permafrost platform, ice clocks the minus 6 layer of frozen soil get out of when that mel on it. it's a bit like pulling the stopper out of the sink water in it. first thing from the top, rushes out and leaving a crate to hunt by level on the bottom. i'll get more of done either for the as i'm or start is i have consent, the melting at this time period time a frost over the years. initial assumptions become increasingly concrete. bike always have state not in right on the past it boil anything, emissions can be locally quite high times and they can increase. the effect is apparently not terribly significant. a of them now pull up all the americans are signing of your left voice to fix statler. stuff like this. not just let me see.

yeah. nice. nice. now a micro fossil. what have you found? yeah, let's see. it looks like bulk bean. how does it look in the middle menu, n t? savannah? right, so i thought, thoughts i, i'd also say it's minion to wrap a book being seen to sho, get it. that means that it used to be very damped here. soft ground, not much undergrowth on the bottom of the seed, the scientists have just found is several 1000 years old. it indicates that the landscape around this bulk must have once looked very different in the south. the i'm and then the last good that we drilled was, mineral matter, not bogs, settlement at all, the source at events, the that's an old, there used to be some kind of a lake or a puddle, then, which was later filled, and then formed boggs. this is the way nature works is still wonderful. nothing is forever. see, i like this environment look very different after the last,

i say about a goodness, emetics, permafrost box a long time capsules that help us study environmental and climate changes over hundreds and thousands of years. cigna saw a year by year sheet accumulates in the swamp courses in southern and finland. the peat layer can be several meters. these a lot, be some. and in lapland we only have 2 meters of heat that's assessment. the layers are kind of time machine or dried them that record the whole history of the wetland . myself. scientists search through the lions of stratification for signs of temperature and humidity changes to knock out the help of the sailor mazda. so, you know, it's easy to see in the terrain. this is something happened in honestly there. and often the changes appear as differences in color to see. and then when we bring the samples to the lab, we can see in more detail how the vegetation has changed across history, documented over the course of 10000 years old. there have been at least

a couple of changes to the vegetation, which tells us about changes in the environment. that's the mainland, the non beta can layer. we have a sample of about 50 centimeters from a bug and lapland. luckily, we can clearly see changes in the composition of the pizza. this layer is perhaps a 1000 years old. down here we have a sour grasp agitation which grows in human conditions. at the same time with us. so hot systems here we see a clear change in the 18th century, say nobody has it, all of a sudden at that point, during the little ice age at the time or for us, begin developing incentives, condo, so on the surface of the ball, dried out to changing the vegetation completely. shrubs begin to spread out during that period. it's daniela here on the far left, the vegetation has changed once again. this layer reflects the situation at the extraction point and then the conditions we still have today. lucas moss is growing

there. an indication that the environment has become more humid, again, pam, or stomach 6 by observing the various layers, it is possible to make a rough, initial prediction of changes a hand the same document and i as the thoughts have final thoughts as if that's the alignment that we can see how the layers in the blog behaved at various times say, look at it in general, say the carbon dioxide, along with warmer temperatures, who promotes the growth of p and, and the accumulation of carbon. but these forecasts do not take into account other aspects related to wetlands for now. so extensive changes and vegetation bucket of things like res, barcode, and lot of myers board grove fires to meet that are considered in these models. not with the following examples, much more research is needed for that's one of them. and that the, the

finland is a great place to study. the wetlands effects on the climate after a wetlands compress the finland. an area of the size of point you called the

functions from several ways being important to the things they've provided food for humans and animals as well as fuel. the heating finish focus on is filled with towels of spirits, elves and dantes living in the westland. so it's no wonder then that finish has thousands of ones for different kinds of westland wetlands. well, funds fair. there's some predictable environments. a space between us and water, being and beyond in the past, people were buried in this one night to waste was dumped down. ready no 2 bunks are alike that sometimes stores

common, efficiently. one offers release it so i'm a 2nd release i thought any last. so what do you they're all over 100 different types of whatnot and finland alone. get it that, that the teachers different in the way it's accumulates or a mix common. so what do these with the kinds of blogs that release maintain into the atlas van? i made tanya, dr. bolt the mounds, the accumulates and store, call them very efficient, make it to named music, to get a data. edit devlin garcia that are still here. overhaul finland's wetlands, hoping, drained the goal, was to try out the wetland soil, making it most suitable for forestry and agriculture. one such wetlands is around skill and copy in southern finland. the dense

spruce forest was originally a woodland bunk. decades ago the wetlands were drained to support tree groves. the ground water table was lowered considerably. it's ms. l as in love for you to sort through believe its own folly, and we're in a well trained woodland to present which has become common for someone to call on you. and according to the latest findings, this type of fee tease is a major source of emissions. the sewing, the drained white gland forest produces greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and me saying, at the same time, the far as trees take in carbon dioxide from the yeah. that means peter and forest suvs has both a source of emissions and does a common sink, drains, pete forests and pete fields on the last, a significant source of worldwide emissions date,

but you've still most as much greenhouse gas emissions as deforestation. dance in the asset to comp time to change. the wetlands have been matched as a point of focus. the draining of wetlands reduces bio diversity, wesson's water quality and increases the risk of file. the carbon released from wetlands is bad for the climate. human intervention can however, impact just how much compound is released into the atmosphere. one go could be to strengthen the role of wetlands as comp and syncs excited to fall out at dawn. and always one option could be witness restoration in finland, for instance, east the account, this wetlands have been trying to even trying them up, filed in 15 to 30 percent of cases. no forest has been able to grow and met so i

can stay on. the draining the wetlands so just ruined that positive, natural quantities only now with restoration below the wetlands can begin to function naturally again to time so that i can once most thoughts, i'm solving colvin from the atmosphere novel and you save all gone during the a c and so that this is an email here that you don't like it has the restoring of westland means, returning it to a state as close as possible to its natural one. the ditches are filled, the water level rises. once the water has return to the correct level, pete begins to form again. compound is removed from the atmosphere, absorbed into the soil, the

best comes and they said, good me 75. i mean, you know, and then we subtract, this was a pretty deep, and that's only now give out in spring, and the dest directly, if it's a dry summer, will be at around 122 minutes the boss came back. so, you know, people suffer how you almost certainly ask me, of course, when the water levels so low in around salon copays, the effects of the various deforestation models on wetlands emissions of being investigated. the aim is to raise the water level in a controlled manner. so that the forest remains viable. as a result, carbon dioxide emissions will also decrease. however, the water level must not rise to high. yeah, so basically what is behind expand?

the water rose, right to the surface of methane, would be released to if i need, the goal is to maintain groundwater at a depth of about $20.00 to $30.00 centimeters squared. doesn't release methane. i say i have the yeah, and you go sufficient aerobic surface layer can prevent methane emissions limits on the fastest on the research as measure of the carbon dioxide india, the methane present in the soil changes in vegetation, the ground water levels and the circulation of liquids in the trees, they track the liquid flowing through the trees to find out how they react to filing on to fluctuations in the ground water levels. metal tests at the cox onboard. yeah. yeah, i mean the heel fatty acid. we have 2 sensors here in mind measuring 2 different things for the height of the fun sensor shows the degree of, of operation and the word. yeah, the measurements isn't very accurate, but it's better than nothing said this sensor on the left gives us information

about photo synthesis. so can have sugar is transported via the flow em to the places where the tree needs it for growth, the roots and the trunk of your orders, thawing at all possible. what tokyo, so who the tonic with this one is one place to maybe even if it's better what i me on this one. yeah. yeah. so the plates fixed on straight. so yeah. pipes good, intrude? well, thanks in photo synthesis. trees extract carbon dioxide from the changes in the water table can disrupt the process. no, not so equis. understand that this will methodologies, bug eco systems. i paint forests are controlled by water. so thought that have a certain extent of it and the greenhouse gas emissions depend largely on the water table take them up as well as on how much carbon dioxide is absorbed by the trees.

it is the ground water level is especially high water trees run into problems with their water intake lot that they can struggle when it's too wet. look at a st. mary's felt also based of the movement and circulation of greenhouse gases or trunks using automatically operated chambers and measuring devices attached to my back i do the load up. the box is placed slowly over the ground, then the chambers, he'll go to the law say that it then measures whether there's a gas source in the ground. and we'll go from that. if, if there is a gas level inside, the chamber gradually increases on the same at the best that we extract the gases from the box and look for concentration increases. so let me just say one was a minute gain from that we can calculate the flow speed a that was to loc. as an nope out of the last 4.

we have a chunk research team has come to ron's can on co pay to investigate the impact of deforestation on westland emissions. so that's why we try to study the same kinds of management though remover off all 3 or removal of selected threes. and how this affects scar, motorcycling kind of micro ps in the soil. we have the sites in the right. there's columbia, in your, my name's little by now and to feel on this money welfare thing because we need some, a set thing with a glance. and with a specific vegas ation represent the 4 large box of the more l for us. so if we just look at the threes around our, a very small and decided to household them are taken on how you know tomorrow less . i think for all, for us, if we can, but the to harvest slight blue loss and because the other harvest thing in the piece are, i don't have the 1st time. so maybe just around our side, we can look

a little bit more 3. yes. and went around, you can take as much as you, as you like the 90 area on sunday, the decomposed pond and animal material affect the production of carbon dioxide and me saying in the soil when trees are caught down, it has a detrimental effect on these micro organisms and on greenhouse gas emissions. so we'll get to the microbes. how would a change during the science life cycle over to, for us? and whether it's makes more sense to golf, just select it's 3 to maintain the microscopes at the site. the

warranties, global warming continues and upon the frost mounts. what happens to the calvin stored in a natural state wetlands up and off the the yes, he said less and he said i who is the ice, the trapped here. we're looking at a very special component of this, of this and when that i smell this, well the water flows off somewhere else that studies, i mean, this carbon might end up in the arctic ocean or in some other body of water out of it. and there are many different possibilities and they probably don't need that at a loss the advice, the best and lucky. so it's almost impossible to predict what will really happen, a guess the, the for the northern permafrost box, there are 3 possible scenarios. in the 1st,

the wetlands get even went to and for a time become sources of me thing themselves as the ice within the mounts. the 2nd possibility is that the wetlands will dry out and release large quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. the side option is that the bunks could become even more efficient to compound sinks that allow many lost the production of bio mass. and let's see, that's just a plant growth increases in a warm climate and that could accelerate the accumulation of people that got cost with allowing plans out of them drive and produce even more plant through photo synthesis that pete and then binds a lot of carbon dioxide from the air, which would have a cooling effect regardless of scenario, regional situations, very graphically. isla,

my still in no state. i move on side of medical, according to climate full costs inside of rainfall in the northern latitudes, will increase by around 20 percent over the course. of a century, this could of course have a major impact the idea of what the regional defense has a huge dollar. what is it? some regions control how the while others might become even what the, how this in town affects common levels will be really interesting to see that there was still a lot of research to be done. it doesn't mean in any case on to paintings are incredibly important in the global calvin cycle globe. obviously you didn't get on the a level retreat to the university of helsinki. the soil samples from inside

permafrost, mountains, uh, analyzed our base, the temperature now in storage. so now it's so nice, 0 degrees c. well we saw that you had 0 degrees to go kind of a low temperature that lots of stuff in the tape from the all these organic. so already even so those, it's 0 temperatures 0. i'm always coming out. yeah. okay, and the later we will increase the temperature till 5 degrees c, and then 15 degrees c and the at this higher temperature, you will see that those last lot on ponds will be emulated much more. that this low temperature, the power to re simulates the melting of permafrost, isaac rooms, it's not just me saying that's released from the thousands of years old pete soil,

volatile organic compounds. i'll set free to some of the interesting things, the simple. so for all this last year, we saw a lot of new things coming out of those. okay. so that would be something that weren't here. okay. and the interesting part is that the piece to us, it looks like the meeting was old. me saying it was not, not a new me saying that's form of the so it's become active again. all right. but it looks as if the, the 70 saying was frozen in the soil. and do you know, is it? well, why did it look like? oh, because interesting because because it came out very suddenly. so it was like a very sharp pulse, like me thing. volatile organic compounds kind of boom the time it's one way that they do this is by forming small particles and creating a cloud. the general effects on the climate to volatile organic compounds and me

saying being released from time a frost have not yet been fully researched. it's hard to say because if they have well me all for the impact because there is a balance between these 2. so we probably, we will mould all of these impacts and later to know if eventually they have cooling all, well me hacked our climates and go hello most government, bottom off on maple hi, i guess on the sunday, no one can predict whether these gases will have a cooling or a warming effect while i meet them up because the process is in the atmosphere tending are so complex garcia, this is something of a pilot project that you told me that they had on the

trees were cut down at the ranch, can on copy research site at the beginning of 2021. now in the summer, the aim is to measure the effect of the deforestation here are effected local greenhouse gas emissions. one thing that's clear from the outset last compound accumulates in the soil of cleared areas. that's because there are no longer any trees to absolve the calvin through photo synthesis. so here's, i understood that for photo synthesis because there were only very few plants here . neal, meaning that the sink effect diminishes considerably. and also at least at the beginning on academic logs, are still not a bunch of taishan cost with this. what the dilemma how the organic method is the composed. they so very likely also change because there will be this. usually they can both have a car one and the car one will be less and less die, just simple for the microbes. so this is will be x by or

in other words, off to complete deforestation. the soil binds less comp and then it once did. however, in the partially kid research area, virtually no changes in greenhouse gas emissions can be observed. fully understanding methane emissions will remain a challenge over the coming years. or methane, the we don't have answers from the last year sampling because the book, the re on that to produce. and also that one is you meant, reside in deeper box or the profile. so now we are adding the deep beats on plank to see where they are, how boom done. they are and to the amount of methane is flowing, galt. uh so, however, we expect that the, with the threes being dropped to what the table will arise and was rising to what the table, the, my phone will get a buck 30 out. we'll get closer to the surface,

so that method will have a smaller box to escape the research project and run scanned, copy will continue for several years. only later will it be possible to say with any certainty whether planting new trees or this stablish in palm and in forest, are a good way to reduce emissions or so on the quantities of eat, of what i'm going to west or the next 3 to 5 years and we'll show whether permanent forests can be the solution. here at this location, empirical evidence gathered here will then show us whether emissions are changing as their models have predicted to capacity. and the problem for me and my lim calling on, why are you in the

spring 2021. the research team from the university of helsinki is in for a surprise, a pound. so the piedmont, typical of permafrost areas, is best open in the scale, move out of bulk near c. okay? because that's i use the steak for people. yes. good idea. are we hitting ice? no, interested in here? no ice left at all? yeah, that's already a meter deep, so how's it so as they get older see ssl say so say a lot about the lamp and image warming has occurred in the inner permafrost layer

sort. and he said, well, if we keep coming to measure it every year, we may yet see and collapse completely. it may be that the pulses life span has reached its end. and it doesn't necessarily have anything to do with global warming . it's complicated because when corrects like this appear, so everything collapses, a new one simply form again based on how long 56 years this 91. does that mean? yes. if we measure here again and 5 years time will see completely different things . otherwise, the report is published in august of 2021 by the into a governmental panel on climate change provides a cautious assessment of the relationship between pete lens and global warming. according to the report on the 1st, mount and emissions from pete lens are likely to accelerate global warming

the dollars, then violating and eat almost upon nearly to setup or to decide or be or if the only pcc report concludes the release of me. thing from the permafrost is a very gradual process, and so there were none of the. so for me, thing problems that we've been hearing about, however, the process is significant and understand. he's had contributions to global warming because when permafrost mountains methane is released to mitigate the process itself will at least make the amount, you know, am i stuck on? you could also lonnie met dining of about 2 on this stuff is that it must, i should perhaps be aware that it can also happen quite quickly. now, if the pulses suddenly collapses ice, then a huge amount of methane can be released all at once. you log in, it takes a while for levels to normalize again, but that's whether that's one or 2 percent on the stop or however much it is,

it doesn't matter if it definitely means by an increase on the current amount. is that the, the guy give me that, that is not the 1st thing that happens here will have an impact all over the well facility and quote, this isn't a remote corner in that sense and not, not change is happening here and not on the effect this region here, the month, the postponed by the ever notion car himself and have an impact on the global situation. the long distance,

the human kind accelerated global warming, the budget can also slow it down. the soil 1800 is the top priority is preservation. and these natural westland shouldn't be misused any longer or dining quite the opposite of on it won't conservation program should be set top to ensure they remain on touched in for structures. so it does not place in wetland areas like that. factors that allow us to utilize the potential of nature, it can come by the same climate change down the road on the one or more both. and the i've had to say it almost the more options, sorry, owns the the message from science is clear.

it's not too late, the, it is still possible to support and strength from the wetlands, nature's comp and sinks down. in the other hand, it's something that have been neglected in the debates, who's the most of the concept of common things atlanta, when it comes to this topic, we tend to focus on the on forest is that the wetlands are also excellent club and rest of us include common things with the human intervention here, i mean, could turn wetlands into more effective comp and things for the future. calm b a here in the yellow. yeah. that's the level i sort of the

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