to take us out or i come, i coming up after the break plan, the i the mind blowing thing. we get wrong about energy prepared to have your mind blowing after the break. don't forget, you can always find a more on our website at the w dot com and follow us at on that data believe needs for special channels like x and instagram that so for now, goodbye the dream of revolution. it dictates as the most uh, was closed, that changed my life. the people hoped for a sara society. i imagine, to me, would change the world. tens of thousands of messages from all over the world wanted to help reconstruct the country. this mission became victory. it was simply a spirit of optimism where we encouraged each other and so many things were

suddenly imaginable. but there are the most efficient and make it a dream of revolution. thoughts, july 20th w. this might look like a bunch of pipes, but just video isn't about coming. it's about this. we had grass that shows all the energy made and used in the united states in 2022. i know it looks complicated and a little boring, but bear with me because it made me realize that there's something fundamentally wrong with how we talk about energy. see distresses something in common with this one from germany and china and india and australia. and basically, every country on us, it's this part right here. and it can single handedly reshape how we think about switching away from fossil fuels to clean up forms of energy like sun and wind. because it turns out we don't need to replace all of the fossil fuels or dining. we

actually need to replace a 3rd of them. his why? this type of graph is called a sankey flow chart. it's a birds eye view of how energy flows into in through martin society. that's breakdown what's actually going on. the graphs measure the amount of energy at 4 different stages in the energy chain. they called primary secondary final and useful primary energy is the original stuff that's used to produce power. whether it's a piece of coal or the wind, that tons of turbine, that primary energy is converted into secondary image, which basically makes it transportable. that's the electricity that goes into the grid. well, the petrol that gets sent to a local petro station. when the electricity, or petro gets to you, it's called final energy. this type is going to be really important later on. and then when you actually use it, it's called useful energy. now, if we look at where the vast majority of up primary energy comes from, things look really bad. just

by decades of activism and investment in renewables, fossil fuels to supply 80 percent of the world's energy. that's the figure that people who are skeptical about renewables bring up a lot. they use it to tell you what's stuck with fossil fuels because it's impossible to replace them in time. fossil fuels right now are 80 percent of the world's energy. all these plans involve using all solar and wind in the near future . and i think there's no evidence that's doable. so when, when can be amazing at all, it can help somewhat, but it's not going to be the main supplier. we are at the for a long time. we shall be made a saw. so if you would civilization beautiful, but the 80 percent number is really only half the story. this graph also shows something that the skeptics i'm talking about very much. and that's all these great lines. let's see. every stage of this process is inefficient and some portion of the energy is wasted. it ends up in this huge section here. just pull rejected energy. and all these flow charts from around the loans are pretty much the same

thing. the majority of the energy we produce is wasted. people are always shocked by the amount of, you know, what we are search has rejected energy or wasted energy. that's kimberly may, through the research scientist who leads the team at long civil law national laboratory. it makes me strong. scientists who have been drawing them since the middle of the 20th century. let me go find my oldest dusty as so i'm in here as yellowing paper and they've been in the page protectors here. actually got 1970 us energy flow, motivated the bar in tennessee. it. she says that despite the data going back to 6 decades, most people aren't aware of how inefficient or carbon systems. it's not something that you can see. it's not like, uh, so like there's a garbage bins or rejected. energy goes into, i think that if there was a garbage pin where everybody saw wasted electrons piling out and they might really, you know, take notice and,

and see the rejected energy and the big impact that efficiencies have. right? so what happens we take notice of illness and efficiency. ready if any of this actually is fixable from an engineering quite a few, it's good fun. that's him. and she's an energy efficiency analyst at the international energy agency, one of the biggest practice of how modern energy systems work. it's like being a detective sometimes like how can i make this better? you know, what can i do to improve the system? let's go back to the graph. it's pretty easy to see one of the biggest conferences generating electricity. when coal or natural gas is done to move the steam turbine, the majority of that heat is lost to the environment. these are huge plants. these times costs the last part, the equipment costs the loss, and they can be in use for maybe 20 or 30 years. so they might start off something efficient. by the time they get towards the end of their life, they're getting more and more inefficient. and well, most pallets on operate is claimed to run $0.20. do need to go offline with the

folks and maintenance. so due to unexpected outages and that creates a lots of wasted energy. it takes time for thing systems to warm up and you get a lot of heat loss just in the system guessing warm to so you can have a can you have a huge burner, for example, in a huge boiler full of metal that needs to shop itself before it can start getting to the temperature so that it needs to generate electricity. so there are lots of lots of problems gets even worse when we push the electricity grid to its limits. that's called pick them up. and when they reach or exceeded utility companies start to turn on all the less efficient plants to keep up with a demand, even if it's only a tiny, tiny amount over a fund we normally use. we have to bring on line some of the older plans when we bring online, the older plans, they're inefficient and they're not generation at their full capacity. but why not just losing energy on this side of the graph? a lot of it, the majority in fact, gets lost too many go from final energy to useful energy. and that's because of how inefficient fossil fuels based appliances an engines are. think of putting your

hand over a gas stove top, even it to a heating something up. most of the energy from dining. the gas is last as and the and heat in your kitchen. and you're on 40 percent of the heat is actually being used to cool things. got similar to what happens in a car engine to every leader of petrol that goes into a tank. only about 20 to 30 percent is actually used to move your call. the rest is just wasted, whether as demo losses from the engine with the power other parts of the cause system. and when you add up all the ways in which energy gets lost from heating a home to big industrial processes, to moving all about stuff around with trucks, we get to this crazy number at the end, around 2 thirds of the energy that goes in. so it's absolutely no purpose for us. so that sounds pretty bad. but in reality, this is a really good news. that's because renewable energy generate is like solar panels, wind turbines, and hodge of health science don't need to build anything to reduce electricity. it's nice that they're more efficient, it's just that we use them straight away. so we use also fuels to generation that

drives the turbine, that generates electricity. when we do a wind turbine or skipping those for us to process this and going straight to the turbine, which generates electricity, even when you factor in the losses that come from the grid, battery storage go hydro electric turbines. the vast majority of the energy generated from these sources ends up becoming electricity that you can use as something else really important. what happens if they got rid of fossil fuels, all of the machines they rely on today, and gas and the federal to work with now have to use electricity instead. and that makes them way more efficient to take that same gas desktop from the phone. if you swap it out with an induction step, which way very do introduce heat. you end up using around a 3rd of the primary energy going against. i'm talking about switching to an event called go now using around 90 percent of the energy that goes in to move your call . and some electric options, like heat pumps are able to do 3 or 4 times as much work for the same amount of

primary and a used at the feel base alternative. if we have to replace all current energy use with renewables, i really would be very quick question mistake if we can replace off off current and change with energy efficiency and then the other off with renewables that it looks like that to make an energy employment policy research reduction, he wrote a paper in 2021 that worked out how much energy would be using for the other combined society. they could have done it for individual bits of the transition, but no one has been so stupid enough to have to plow through. well then into sophistic something and the whole lot, what he found was that we would be saving a lot of energy. in fact, we need about 40 percent less final energy than we currently do. and remember, that's a good sign of the great not that's on the switch to renewables, involves a switch to electricity which helps energy efficiency. so you've got the synergy

between efficiency and renewables. so it's not just offering one off doing the other. when you look at the whole system, the to house healthy it's easy to feel like we're moving way too slow when it comes to transitioning away from fossil fuels. but if we shift thinking away from the amount of stuff we need to put in to the amount of stuff we need to get out, the picture looks a whole lot less bleak. switching to renewables gives us a lot more bang for our buck. and it means we have to electrify, most of the things we do, which makes us things less energy intensive in the 1st place. and for a lot of us, there's not much we can do individually to change where we get our primary energy. but focusing more on how to efficiently get what we need, something that everyone can do. so the next time you hit climate skeptic site, it's simply too difficult to switch to renewables and that we simply have to depend on fossil fuels for the sable future. i think back to this graph. so what do you think is getting rid of fossil fuels easier than it seems? the problem is the lower subscribe charge. i don't really see videos for you every

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the eyes modes, noses. we have so much in common, but a few things do very like skin color. that turns out there's a simple scientific explanation for that. but it doesn't explain racism. there's never a reason to treat people on equally based on their skin color and how we evolved, whether we're alone in the universe and more welcome through tomorrow. today is kind of strange that we actually differentiate. been print black and.