this and you're up to date here on dw, the is more on our website, dw, dot com and on social media to add state opportunities. i'm jarrett great in building the space innovation green, the green revolution global. so listen to a whole lot of crime. it's probably up to speed if the carrier is subscribe to the subscriber to plan. it's a so

my day saw so, so for in the morning we are in the cells of friends near my site and we are to, to bring this comes on 102 minutes on the site. the d. n. a key lounge. the energy landscape is in flux worldwide. the reality is, demand for energy that is growing. wagner in a cubic st date, the issue of energy has become very urgent. and in order to address the problem of this planet, we have to work for us that i think fusion could be the game changer. we urgently need safe and clean sources of energy for our planet is nuclear fusion. the answer to the energy and climate crisis will scientists and engineers be able to unleashed the potential of fusion before it's too late?

100 years. well, energy, our grandchildren scripts, mission, ultimately the discoveries of our research belong to the well, the nuclear fusion is a process that occurs naturally in the sun. scientists want to mimic that process on earth. thousands have been researching just that for over 30 years. in april 2020, the 1st magnetic coil was delivered for eaters, experimental reactor we're seen today to best of the real big layers of pizza cutter is the biggest and most complex project human beings have ever tackled you to to help the horses placing the galaxy right here and the code is placed on a, just a few minutes away down that the fuel that we need can be adjusted to fuel usually is the most natural thing. there is. the process of the sun is on the

a nuclear fusion is fundamentally different from nuclear station, which is generating power by splitting, adams eaters, the biggest fusion research project in the world. here the united states, russia, china, europe, and other partners are working side by side. because all are convinced by the potential a fusion technology behind me is the construction side of the dates of project. this is we're talking like reactive would be located . this is what we're trying to do. we need to get the physics or to do it in an environment which will be utilize a point in the future as a commercial source and not something. we do an experiment. somebody gets a moment prize and then it's over. i think that's intentionally, that is to have a future beyond researchers that the sprawling ease or complex are approaching this mammoth task. using magnetic confinement,

fusion or in c. s. at the heart of the project is the token mach. once completed, this fusion machine will weigh $23000.00 tons made up of millions of parts from around the world. the donut shaped vacuum vessel alone will weigh 8000 tons. well actually we are now in the assembly hold of each other. this is where a lot of activity is happening right now. and this is where we put together the 9 sections of the vacuum vessel before they are being actually lifted into the target market. and fully assembled over there, the renal veto, his relay to demonstrate both the principles of the technology and the safety aspects on the device which has the size of a react. after that, the industry will have the risk be if you wish to construct the reactor of the futures and to make that a series product. so these 18 blocks that just c surrounding the center here.

now the supports for the turmoil or the shaped vertical magnets that will surround the uh, spectrum vessel. and in the end, when this is going to be removed, there will be a massive, powerful magnet on the inside. it's the central solar noise. this will be the strongest maintenance ever built by mankind is in here doing fine. horses back on behind us is a big vacuum. bessie. this one for example, comes from korea hills. we also have bathroom vessels from europe, from italy on the brought here. then you have people and once everything is put together, we will actually have then the fusion machine in you and this is going to be where the fusion reaction takes place. where i've done that would be put back on this. oh, okay. and i've talked to you about something, so you would off $240.00 more to the blanket rings, pulled back up there. so i'm fixing the floor and roughly about $600.00 because square in there. yeah. he's thinking in the, in the, in 10 or 20 years,

we won't be able to stand here any more because that will be far too hard. is the number of the times we're aiming to replicate the sun in here, right behind me is where the vacuum vessel will be signing these vacuum vessels are the essential component of the whole fusion process. and it can be as being about, you know, 20 binion block. so it's the order of magnitude. and it's likely to go a little bit north of that if i may see or so that depends on the way you see it. the cost of that loss was up in the middle east to us between a 10200000000000. so i think of this, we have 2 things with things in context here on site that we have about 5000 people . we have 7 members and of course and you, you know, how many you european countries that but you to come this one. i think of the tier we leave the passport the, the entrance. and indeed, the, that i've, some you could answer that actually came originally to the russian for the nation.

it goes through and, you know, it's, it's not, it's not the per se contributes to it. it's quite remarkable. i think that you need to, there is a still a consensus and focus so we'll just members to try to get to this. uh, this yes, a project realized together. try to sort of the please contribute, let's say contribute to the solution or we're in the christ. that workshop. it shows on the web site and what's coming into the site right now is actually the last piece of the christ itself that we're putting together here. basically, a giant, tim is the reason for that is that it will create an environment that protects the vacuum inside and the cold temperatures. what's happening right now here, it's because of the price that it's being billed to, but you see up top of that, it's basically just the top lid. it's $3800.00 tons altogether, all 4 sections together. and as you can see by the size, it's 13 inches across. it will be 13 meters high. you just con, transport that easily. so all the pots have actually come from india,

have been well to 2 together into the full sections. usually system, the technology which is very, very complex and so how the speed to be deployed is a question mark. the principles fusion is that we want to take light particles and smashed them against each other as hard as we can. and when we do that, they will fuse as the word and part of their mice will transform into energy. q and managing in mass or ultimately interchangeable. you can transform mass into energy and the energy into mass. it works in both directions, either based on that as a famous formula, as equals times the squids, everyone knows that the energy we can harvest, we can pick it up, then power our houses, our industries, our, our systems and society. what we need to get this actual fusion reaction to happen is we need to initial reactance to get close enough that they will actually fuse into a final product. unfortunately, this is fairly difficult and the main reason for that is that off to initial

reactance are both positively charged. and in the same way that 2 positive ends of a magnet will repel each other. so will a solution for me it's, it's a bit complicated process like of when you try to bring to similar people together in society, it always gets complicated. and likewise, when you have a too small, positively charged particles, when you try to bring them together it's, it's always good. so, for example, when you have to hydrogen accept those when duty and will increase your being positively charged. and you tried to bring them together that event because of the electrostatic forces being involved. but if you energize them enough that they can overcome this many years and they come together and diffuse and diffuse. a lot of fusion energy is being created. of course, during this process a high energy neutrons being ejected and add football, which is commonly known as helium is being created and this fusion and that it can then be converted to electricity is still coughing, energy density,

which is sort of future. then before you went, energy using happens in the suns, cool in extreme condition with the thing, it's extremely hot and it's very dense which is x. that's one reason why the sun or some random stuff. home economy simply trunk prompts into the property. and if it goes, it only works in space. so our approach has to be a bit different then. and then became to the sun is very things like all the stars and gravity mix on the mass of the sun stick together. now we can't quite make a start that bank in town and board tree, so we have to come up with something smart. so even when we say we use sort of energy, we're actually going to use the energy coming out of the fusion reaction and to recreate this conditions or try to recreate simular conditions, then those statistics are taking place into something just right to take a shortcut. this year, one way is plasma confinement and it took them back inside the reactor,

the donut shaped vacuum bessolo surrounded by electromagnet. a tiny amount of hydrogen injected into the vacuum is plenty. and then you switch on this fully noise, which is in the middle of the, of the talk about this by the magic of physics. create an electric field in this go, not the hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium begin to swell around in the vacuum. and initial heating system converts the gas into a plasma. the further heating processors to using electromagnetic waves and neutral particle injection are required in order to heat the plasma temperatures of a 150000000 degrees celsius. and then the process of fusion stocks, the particles know each other sufficiently for us. so the cube and then to produce energy venue has let's put something inside your cage neutrons.

extra charge. so they don't know what comes at by all magazines. and they fly off and hit the wall, and the reaction. so what you would do is you'd, you'd have to put a blanket on the wall. and as the neutron slows down in the blanket, it hits the metal. so when you do that, it's possible to, through the whole wrinkles that water turns into steam and then the tech doesn't the intense uh, bites produced out of just the dyslexia box doing in our in house stations. we look at my guided confinement as the only process that hasn't really survived into our reunion evolution of fusion systems over 60 years and more efficient research. there's also another type which is called a national confinement, which requires you to just get very, very high densities in temperatures for short period of time. most commonly, this is done with lasers, but there are other approaches and using more sort of pneumatic, just straight up physical methods to compress something talking like an affinity to

a singular in that them both magnetic confinement, both those to come x has emerged as the most conventional way of trying to confine plasma, and they have reached marvelous results and comes in and of the talk is a stella rate, which actually wasn't venting before the talking about. but it was so complex and it's design and it's construction that it remains as a people causing something to say, the ones finished the each or took a mag fusion reactor will be the largest of its kind worldwide. meanwhile, the world's biggest skyler reader fusion device is located in northern germany. the project is called vento stine, 7 ex vendors done this, i've had back in by us, vento stowing is a mountain and hiking trail and the very end of the pods wind up the mountain in a way that's reminiscent of the shape of magnets that we have in this machine. yeah . like you need to do that. and so that's one reason that since i was i angle and,

and secondly, because the oldest still right. so is this a 1st accelerated to actually get off and running within the mid 19 fifties of princeton, as long as the project direct to live in some bits? was a famous astrophysicist and an added mountain climate. i to simon spits, so i'm going to, i still presented, he called the research web project manager on a bundle and have some quick quick my telephone cannot and zanna heisenberg, so word and said, then we'll name a project down through emails into the field. so this project is called vandal stein. this is a split salaries of project in germany has the name of this bavarian mountain, but it's located in call moreno, that's known as a mountain of clothes. but as a machine with a vendor stein, 7 x, still a right to a knob, the thing is a major fusion research facility and located here at the max planck institute, using bright spot log onto this invitation. you, i'm much prime institute, i'm stunned on cost, but then my explain society decided to show its muscles when it had the 1st large scale class stairs and had the knowledge and the know how to then going up to nice

. these still rate the devices. yeah, i'm in central unit and we have $450.00 employees here on the plan is to choose. so for roughly half and technical and engineering stuff is of the of the businesses of the same computer experts precinct given orange job compute takes past me. yeah, that's just a total of the taurus whole size values of interest on 7 x that you have it's yeah, yeah i'm, it is a lot the result. so i tell, isn't it? cisco bodies building winds up in 2001 of these whole was empty back saying from nothing in and comprehensive. the 1st components arrived in 2005, i seen and, and assembly of the machine got underway. besides, a total cost of everything put together was $1300000000.00 and indeed the investment costs for the machine standing here were around $400000000.00. and so just ask for a few. and if i can use this, the, instead of actually the stellar rates are in what's known as the token of the other

concept, which means this magnets, it almost assigns. sometimes it rings, shame you magnetic field box is a different issue in a to come out and walk is a very strong electrical current. and these car rental, so it produces the costs of the required magnetic fields at for that as you need service. that's not the case because there's still a range of who stuff, you know, the woods in as dental ratio. and there's not a strong currency. and again, in the, in the plants month last month. and that makes the plasma line plus my lifestyle. as a result, it's most i believe because in truth i really doesn't want to carry any electric current, even a choice to would it off with everything in the hands with both hands and feet. so just thinking tape it doesn't have hands and feet, of course, but it's fine with an unstable reaction to this electrical currents. and that's why it's good to get rid of these current. it solves a whole lot of problems and then i'll talk because there's no electrical current flowing in the stellar ray. so if the magnetic field must be configured to the quote, that's a requirement of physics, it's up to the fall. so it changes on how it's shrink. 6 months,

and that's where all the research is focused a false decades of physics research has been devoted to the shape of these magnetic fields, or deformed. the shape of the magnets can determine the shape, eliminating fields, i'm like, you need to pick. it's the most accurate shape of the magnetic field is what you can imagine that this for, even if it looks very old, we essentially asked nature how the magnetic field should look on these as the onset said, i was saying with us as the unfold. the vendor cited in supply vendor. stine is far too small to produce electricity line. did scale down as much as close in august, so we can still learn from it to determine what, what those things we have researching so that we can achieve this tonight. doesn't matter. if even is magnetic seals and switched on. so as far as so that if we would have put fusion fuel into it, then we wouldn't get the fusion line for the road. that's what we finding out. that's the mission of spinning it. all this stuff has to me as soon as you have a cut, all have to run care to you, then setting up an access points to climb into the machine. and it's like work is

done to me again on the siri or the vessel. and then now technicians and engineers will climb in there, the business ethics to offer and they'll be working inside the machine when it's done in the machine all. but i'm, it may said we made it so difficult. just a good machine. it's worked is working really fine. it's time to work with us. it's so tame it so corporate to the car seats machine, it machine has a so i must say the machine has a good. so sometimes everything was a hard day or frustrating day. incentives always cheering to go here and just to wrap it up and then you know what, your, what my, you are doing in severe dying its own. yeah. so people, people say then, so this is a kind of pinnacle, or at least a very nice example of german engineering look. so german, because everything is shiny and tidy. it's science, cost and steel. he asked me 1st you'll need to name and fusion companies emerged in the us and britain installed,

but germany has really caught up in recent years. and c, r o and it really has a terrific foundation. yvonne have for the moment i was hung institute for plasma physics and unit operates and 2 of the biggest fusion devices in the world for students. i'm back in mainland aspects upgrade and vento stine 7 x sensitive and x . germany has long had the science having know how decent shop you should know how to compare. for example, from suite your money. the amount of carbon dioxide for this broke out in front is half of the one producing germany. nope, it's sending reflected in germany that has been a tremendous amount of investment for renewable energy, steel. it's about tough. i think doing money is a prime candidate for nuclear power. i'm sorry, that doesn't make sense. we leaving there for quite some time. there is a good quality, good technology, and i think in general on nuclear power is a would be well placed in germany. and the fusion is as a,

is one of the possible sources, of course for the long term is a vice indulgence jeremiah. when you just mentioned the word nuclear, people immediately react as though they're a bit allergic to it. and that's why a great deal of educational work is needed advice so that people understand the differences the investigate wants to see this. in one case, not a large out of a split closest to that's sufficient have dish or adam splitting fee. so you'll know that can 5 occasions and lighter items you have fuse together to make comments was, i mean, as often as you want, it's under the nuclear technology as well. so you have to address the topic of protection from radiation mobile unit rules. you need regulations, you need the procedures to handle that stuff calendar, feel uncomfortable to gain regulation, kind of be over with. it's important if regulation would not be right, we would have to design power plants for the wrong requirements. we would have to overcomplicate the system and make it even more complex than it already is. and

this is not anyone's advantage. it's certainly a challenge to develop an industry where regulation itself is being created. we have regulation related to power times of all different sorts. we have this threat infusion to be mixed up with fission. the other kind of nuclear, which is about speaking uranium fusion, has relatively easy to do with the other and nuclear, but in people's minds, which was seen quite similar. so there is a real threat to social acceptance of this new technology. if we don't regulate fusion in the right way, we could make more damage for the history of humanity than we may realize in practice. ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready so in this make you very soon, all right, even generate mccune and then plus loss and then keep them up. are you bring them off to a really high temperature, all 450000000 decreases,

which is 10 times more than the core temperature of the sun. so now we have got to things like human plasma, which means high temperature. all you need to con dean, this in a dense form. this we can do. we can do very high temperatures. we can do very high densities. we can confine these hot met. there is plasma for a long time. but can we do the things and the same time at a 100000000 degrees? some marvelous things happen. you start having particles colliding so often at such energy that you get this stuff to stickle conditions where enough fusion reactions are happening to over come the level of expenses that you haven't seen to the system in the 1st space. a plasma is the 4th state of musta from the basic ones where you start with a solid, a little bit of energy. you get a liquid out, a bit more energy, you've got a gas, and then you've got even more energy to that. you end up with a plasma, a fun one with plasma means that your whole gas becomes charged at me is you can

hold in place with magnetic fields, but there are a number of different other approaches. most of those still rely on what we call magnetic confinement, which is keeping the plasma can find by using magnetic field. yeah, so we don't migrate doesn't work. and the central thing about magnets and magnetic fields is that we have to get this plasma hot. and under the $50000000.00 degrees for something that waits a few grams, the process is called magnetic confinement because we want to basically make sure that the plasma is to say, it's detached from the water and compressed by a mechanic feed. so there must be a current in the plasma, and the must be a magnetic field. this magnetic field is generated by the magnet itself. and which basically allows the prospect will be separated from, from the water. it's a bit like, you know, when you see more kinetic living station and you'll see that that object is being

able to float on. i'm like many feet. a pioneer among large fusion reactors is located in britain, the joint european taurus, jet for short. since it came into operation in 1983 experiments using jet have resulted in a number of fusion breakthroughs, these insights have been woven into the development of the ether subject, which is the biggest operating talking back in the, in the world. currently, this is a jet investment, training facilitating the actual jet experiment is through a big, big rollover. that jet is, is been the largest operating physics firm in the world. we does the power and the grids. it's an experiment run full run by year a fusion. you can see it's kind of got a circular safe, it's quite hard to say from this angle, but it's, it's, it's a, it's a doe, not safe, at least on the inside. and that's key for fusion. so if we were in the rail jet, i'm talking about what the vacuum vessel would look much as you can see. so what this robot is here, you'd have about a 150000000 degrees,

which is what you need for the fusion reaction. and then just under my feet, and here you have special pumps that are at 4 degrees above absolute 0. so you have the horses placing the galaxy right here and the coldest place on a just a few minutes away down there. even though projects like jet has been around for decades and the principle of fusion was proven in the mid 20th century. the technology is still not ready for prime time, hence the old joke that fusion energy is always 30 years away. even still more and more private investors believe in the potential economic success of fusion. as you start obtaining the sales you applied, the stones, i've seen is really broad. i moving companies and being set out, we'll buying a gun desanto spice trucks. and the fusion is one special example for us, and because the found is the status of a young people from our institutions to since the us ones i'm in central, proxima fusion is a spin out of deluxe blankets,

tearful plasma physics. we are based in munich, and we work young quizes of dynamic stella rate. there's as a way to make fusion energy. the mission of proximate fusion is nothing but putting energy on the grid. there's, there's an incredibly large objective, of course, our public institutions and being doing research on the topic for decades. we've now built sectional how it's clearly time to transition the field to complemented with more and more engineering. so proxima is working to think about the main engineering systems that are needed to actually convert something from a scientific project. to an energy focused project. we must be handled by the, i'm really standing on the shoulders of giants. and we need to make the most of the opportunity of translating is research into, in your industry. so that the interaction that proximal fusion has with the knox blank is based on collaboration agreements. doctor sheet. and this is a transfer of knowledge taking place because ultimately the discoveries of our research belong to the well, i think that we funded by tax payers. and so as

a result of the tools that we cover that belongs to humanity and admin startups, as well as all set ups, we are trying to build this relationship in a complimentary way. there are things that are not within the next blogs. missions commercialization is not one of those engineering, a large scale towards energy producing systems, not within the marketplace commission, but they're very much within what we need to do. i think it's very natural forward and obviously the next is transition to what we need to the next step of the story . we can develop district knowledge with working on and make this a source advantage of the last effective before ever for you monitor this power plants that we're thinking of that could be placed anywhere in the world. the dream would be to have a stella rate, the power plants in every big city in the world. we are not trying to build the electrical connection to the grid. we need to understand it in order to be able to address what are the needs of that system. we want this out, celebrate this rather than energy itself. so as we go in, develop these designs of power plants. the question of what is the cost per

kilowatt hour megawatts that you were able to deliver? that is a key question that'd be sitting next to our eyes. is this kind of device that shows the clearest and most robust way to fusion energy. the advantage though, of dealing with the complexity almost everything over the simplicity of a talking like is that a to come back has operational issues. so to say it's very difficult to actually run it. it's definitely an exciting time in terms of how much is happening in the private fusion industry. and i find particularly exciting the interface between the new private industry and the public institutions if that interaction. i think that can speed us up the may again team. i think the sol, thing of the issue of energy has become very urgent us for this because it's really starting to her in terms of energy supply and the impact from the environment and climate. the model and only that the so these initiatives are gaining momentum of

the goals is on order pages to naming diesel one goes to the european counting. um the companies that founded gals fusion had been working and fusion for decades. this yeah, of the ticket comments, these tools i'm into between 2022 and they have the idea to merge and set up gauss fusion in order to build a 1st of its kind fusion power plants and sealants cost extra boeing, you know, want to shine. we're different from other companies in this sector in them, but because they are largely spin offices from universities or research institute, keeping all the for sealants ministries on sunday enforcements and restaurants and goal is the new kid on the block when it comes to fusion broke. some of them are trying to utilize some existing technology, maybe with very ambitious goals. some of them are trying to introduce new ideas. some of them are trying to develop some specific technologies. for example, migrant technologies. but it's a very, very large,

but are you at the of ideas that are broiling in the same stuff tops around the world, both fusion each uh, each task grew step in my opinion, is this the peter is the biggest and most complex project mean beings haven't ever tackled yet to, to peter is doing truly via mirroring worksheets. we wouldn't be here talking about fusion if it weren't for either receipts and he's keeping the hot us before radio ons and we'll continue learning from later in the future when you turn it on. and it's essential that we implement what science has shown shaft be, see, attend, this implementation can only happen through industry and said some kind of what we see now is the time where industry steps it and to build on the everything we've learned from science at all. of thoughts meet island bus bus bus, the f one w some stuff getting on time by the humboldt to talk about and the stellar rate or have advantages and disadvantages to see. i think the geometry of the seller writer is very complicated compared to the token, not one,

but still the raiders are better than took a box and using adams to control plasma. so by so by having the pros and cons and both present their own challenges as for them and we're investigating which one we'd like to work with in the future and, and find vi and to confirm. most, you have the noise, every new technology, and need some kind of seed money to feed on, see it on think the solar and even energy began. so now, without initial support from the state on these renewable energy use, wouldn't have been able to make the important contribution by their making today. all right, they've been visiting and by packed into bringing missed miss mitch license if you're looking at the future and how we're going to power our society that keeps growing and sizing in consumption. we will need more and more energy that is based load that goes and complements the renewables that we love and know so, so much. and the, the, when the solar we need something that is not intermittent. there are

a number of technologies that are developing. we'll keep developing that great, which should keep pushing on those. now we shouldn't make ever one that would kind of have a single point of failure in the development of society. now i know about it, and again, it's and renewable energy is a truly a wonderful thing. and so that they have a problem is in stage games, amazing the size, meaning they don't always available and convinced like the wind is blowing, oldest son is in shining. there's no electricity window at the store at level expense during is very, very difficult. when you're talking about these huge amounts of energy wasn't making more, you feel the go to and compensate using another source, the always glossy, to which i under the kind of look i think i don't need to, to, to expand on the importance of reducing significantly our dependency of our forcing officer fluids. as of today, our mildred standing, the, the, the targets that they've been set by many governments collectively in the world. we keep increasing carbon dioxide production. and that it's still going as in

the wrong direction. and when you look even at congress in the western world, whichever implement major as a steps to reduce still, it's not going down fast enough. so we have to find a solution that's complex. so in the, when it comes to financing into the timeframe makes things tricky. at that site that i mean we're talking about projects that spend 15 to 20 years fancy on the funding. them become somewhat complicated. you don't, so as you put the return on investment and won't come tomorrow, complete, see $4.00 and $3.00 or 5 years time company, which is what kind of mentioned or private equity companies aren't coming to the fee. i'm in give own st infusion as a commercial that as an investment, but it's a difficult one objective. it's very difficult for an investor to understand the entire landscape and identifying those companies for an investor distinguishing between the different physics and engineering concepts can be extremely challenging

that size of the market that we're investing with fusion power plants is enormous. so we're seeing today the birth of the real big layers of to more. yeah. for the one split test, the fusion process is already a 1000000. the time is more efficient than the process of combustion and goes for a large coal fired power plant calls. you need tens of thousands of tons of coal a day that's to ship loads. got since my goal is actually for me and for a fusion power plants, the similar capacity for those can you just need a key load? i think that's about a bucket service at hand. good money. that means in the morning a stockman that can bring the fuel in a small pockets and so an exciting kind of death and just astounding another form filled with tears and use this as a fuel in the way we look at it and heavy forms of hydrogen this forms of hydrogen can be created, pardon me, widely available in see working and pardon me. we can create them in a self sufficient way, you know,

and produce them within our own power plants. as we neutron um, slows down if you put them in the blanket neutron hips the lithium and breeds trixie and it creates its own fuel. and so we take the fuel that we've made in the blanket and recycle out and put it back into the reactor. this means that the fuel that we need can be in exhaustible by an exhaust i'm, i do mean that it's easy. i mean, that we can develop this technology with working on and make this a source advantage of the left effectively forever. this is our find for loops, it's just an amazingly efficient use, okay? and it's readily available. it's not like you have to be on good terms with someone who has these fuels and then pay them loads of money to go to in principal, everyone has ended up a deep feeling hot. how to feed a head. i was for the fusion homes with many challenges i was for the one the one hurdle it needs to overcome is a public acceptance e. c. d, or felicia to puts a new technology, puts you on these time. you know,

people don't know what fusion is least about, so there has to be a lot of educational work. died among other things, life event on the, on that. and then for the, one of the things being an nuclear technology issue. fusions doesn't have the major problems typically associated with it. i do in particular, hoping this one is the loss of control when a power plant breaks down, which we've done, the fortunately experienced a few times already come back. so say that's a that's brought on by either external, internal factors or so in principle, that's not possible with the fusion up and see. and that's because these hot seen gas, which has to be built and the gas collapses, as soon as something goes wrong, it goes out by itself. that's why to the 2nd point is the permanent storage, it's highly radioactive material and that's a fusion doesn't produce material that remains radioactive for a very, very long time, the long uh 50002800000 years. so we don't need final storage units. ones on each end in the 1980s, everybody realized that the time that to get fusion,

that within the day and the complexity associated with size. and this was the time when the gorbachev and reagan, they found this as a potential area of corporation. the global cooperation of ether continues. many are hopeful that unlike fission nuclear fusion could be the answer to our most appetite for energy worldwide. but critics question if the process of fusion is really as efficient and clean as it towed in to be. well, the principle of fusion may be relatively simple. the technical challenges are so great that researchers are constantly need to solve new problems. the material is one of the biggest challenge because of high temperature because of low temperature because of highly making it a clean because of high neutrons flux and policy together with

a couple of meters. so we have created new materials for fusion to set 3 suzan technician. aside from the technical hurdles, there are other challenges we need to address in the labor, for example, by speed of ice crest. we need a lot of people with special is knowledge in the future. need to build hundreds of fusion power plant software. i can so boeing this funeral, there are just a few steps missing and then we should be able to get it off the ground despite the major technical challenges. that goal isn't because ultimately all of the limitations and technically nature is nothing in physics to speak against it. in principle, nuclear fusion is a source of energy that c o 2 emission free. but is it really achievable on a large scale? and will it be ready in time to avert the worst effects of climate change? the size of this was you're using look,

isn't that there's no down to balance that. there's no need to further proof that it works and people know that stuff. fuel knows it is at the end of the complications, but now we come so it's fun that we can just about smell and switch off. we're getting really close isn't for me. if i'm not on. one cannot overestimate the importance of some form of that, you know, up to me. so you know that the hope what we're trying to do, we saw and vicious. and that will be so many challenges ahead of us. but the objective, the mission that we after is so great for those for future research is so challenging that we have to keep costs and you from one generation to the next. we're in the 3rd generation. now, you can get solution that with, you know, to eat. there is really the core is the scientific experiment. i think it's before the prototype. yeah. prototype is already something in general reading engineering . it's something that you know, you want to test whether, if you've just work for the intent of purpose. so a prototype for a fusion, what actually active shoot for the of spa,

this is north with either will do. it is a scientific setting that which has been sized and they mentioned in such a way that it would be successful if you're not allowed to proceed. and the idea in diffusion program is c meter type of react. that would be based on the knowledge database. and it never looked later and that maybe we let you read truly in the, to a prototype. so we are little bit far from a prototype. there are a number of things that need to be part of this cocktail of, of ways of addressing climate change fusion as being a big beast in there because of so much. if we get fears, i'm going to manage it would be different. we enter a new era, a few minutes of efficient that's, that's an upset. we have to work more. is a no more expedite way. in order to address the problem of this planet. we have to work for us that i think as i've seen very often that people think ok, let's wait for the fusion, the fusion we so loved the problem. i think this is not responsible for my some

point. this is another message i'd like to convey to you. so we are in the process of really finding a new baseline and the new schedule. we have to get the right. yeah. how we're planning to finish a 1st fusion power plant by the early 20 forty's, practice or standing. we do not currently have any single technology or even mix of technology is that we can say, we'll definitely provide sufficient energy for a growing population and a growing standard of living at infinity to. and if we were to be able to make fusion of realities, that may well be true that we could have that security there's and will be in a job the future, whether it would be right for it. and it just transitioned that's for us to answer the objective of all the fish and companies as of now must be to develop fusion energy to connect our all those our prototypes to the grades within 20 years. first,

you want to ease, fusion is a reliable you can exhaustible and clean source of energy that harms neither the environmental nor the climate p. d. p. and fusion offers benefits beyond that, don't beat about it, gives us energy independence. we want to keep the ones in the that means it makes us the kind of global international supply chains. bill biling, intern not tonight. lindsey focus now is the time when we're entering the field, translating research into an industry that can then scale to meet our climate change as the speed is the key aspect. a lot of this, it's not the question is not whether we will get fusion. the question is just when at this point the s as often bit nicky. first of all we need energy sizes per 2nd. we need more energy for the developing world into this 3rd. we need energy that doesn't to move any c o 2 into the atmosphere. kind of see what's, why in the up and therefore we need energy, but it's a safe environment under 5. hold to every one on us and see the amount of devices

in the own comfort zone. this week, our 1st interview with a survey is randy. minnesota says to god the wolf again raising key questions on his government practice. human rights and his person as us expectations of the country coming in discriminatory. i'm excited to please. i ask for a 5 minute stuff that he wants to do to join antigua conflict in 30 minutes, on the w to the point. strong opinions. international

perspective. nato is celebrating its 75th anniversary and the shadow of unprecedented challenges with 32 members. it is the biggest, it's ever been budgeted. also stronger. find out on to the course the to the pulling in 90 minutes on d. w. the crises. every single connection mapped out shows the geopolitical reality. the on the board is what makes things the way they are mapped out, navigating a changing world. now on youtube, the,

you're watching data we can use live from building you as president joined by the end makes a series of gas at the nice or summit in washington. he's facing growing pressure to a band and his re election campaign body and c. c is the best qualified person to bait donald trump. also coming up around 60 bodies off bound onto the arrival of a neighborhood in the east of kansas city. after israel's military, to close the end of an operation de las finland. parliament decides whether to ground forwarded gods, the power to turn back asylum sake is crossing from russia and move that critics. i would preach their human rights and for football have fans here in germany. the.