smells, but it's still actually about milk. so it has to be traveling around your, facing the history of every day of that. and that's something right around the world. no need to talk to that. just to subscribe already. listen to podcasts and will take you along to the right to the so my days thoughts, thoughts? so for in the morning, we are in the cells of friends near my site, and we are to to bring this company home, 102 minutes to the site. the in a queue launch, the energy landscape is in flux worldwide. the reality is, demand for energy is growing. wagner, in a cubic st date, the issue of energy has become very urgent. and in order to address the problem of

this planet, we have to work for us that i think fusion for the, the game changer. we urgently need safe and clean sources of energy for our planet is nuclear fusion. the answer to the energy and climate crisis will scientists and engineers be able to unleashed the potential of fusion before it's too late. 100 years from now to energy, our grandchildren, to split solution. ultimately the discoveries of our research belong to the well nuclear fusion is a process that occurs naturally in the sun. scientists want to mimic that process on earth. thousands have been researching just that for over 30 years. in april 2020, the 1st magnetic coil was delivered for eaters. experimental reactor were seen today to best of the real big layers of to more pizza. easy sure is the biggest,

the most complex project for human beings has ever tackled. you have to to have to have the hottest place in the galaxy right here. and the coldest place on a, just a few minutes away down that the fuel that we need can exhaust fuel use and is the most natural thing. there is. the process of the sun is on the nuclear fusion is fundamentally different from nuclear station, which is generating power by splitting adams. ether is the biggest fusion research project in the world. here the united states, russia, china, europe, and other partners are working side by side. because all are convinced by the potential a fusion technology behind me, the, the construction side of the dates of project. this is we're talking like reactive

would be located. this is what we're trying to do. we need to get the physics or to do it in an environment which will be utilize a point in the future as a commercial source and not something where we do an experiment, somebody, it's a normal price, and then it's over. i think that's intentionally, that is to have a future beyond researchers that the sprawling ease or complex are approaching this man with the task using magnetic confinement fusion or in c. s. at the heart of the project as a token like once completed, this fusion machine will weigh $23000.00 tons made up of millions of parts from around the world. the donut shaped vacuum vessel alone will weigh 8000 tons. well actually we are now in the assembly hold of each other. this is where a lot of activity is happening right now. and this is where we put together the 9 sections of the veteran vessel before they are being actually lifted into the

target market. and fully assembled over there, the renal veto, his relay to demonstrate both the principal and the technology, and the safety aspects on the device which has the size of a react. after that, the industry will have the risk be if you wish to construct the reactor of the futures and to make that a series product. so these 18 blocks that just c surrounding the center here. now the supports for the turmoil or the shaped vertical mac, and that's, that was around the spectrum vessel. and in the end, when this is going to be removed, there will be a massive, powerful magnet on the inside. it's the central solar noise. this will be the strongest magnets ever built by mankind. is in here. i'm doing fine. horses back on behind us is a big vacuum bessie. this one, for example, comes from korea. we also have bathroom vessels from europe, from italy brought here,

then you have good bye. and once everything is put together, we will actually have then the fusion machine in you. and this is going to be where the fusion reaction takes place. where i've done that would be back on this. oh, okay. and i've talked to the fax number, so you would off folder and 14 ford who was the blanket pulled back up there. so i'm fixing the customer and roughly about $600.00 because square in there, you just didn't get it in the, in the, in 10 or 20 years, we won't be able to stand or any more because that will be far too hard. is the number of the times we're aiming to replicate the sun in here, right behind me is where the vacuum vessel will be signing these vacuum vessels are the essential component of the whole fusion process. then you can just use the we as being about the, you know, 20 binion block. so it's the order of magnitude. and it's likely to go a little bit north of that if i may see or so that depends on the way you see it.

the cost of that loss will go up in the middle east to us. so between a 10200000000000. so i think of this, we have 2 things with things in context here on site that we have about 5000 people . we have 7 members and of course and you, you know, how many you, you will be on congress that but you to come this one, i think the tier we leave the passport the, the entrance. and indeed, the, that i've, some you could answer that actually came originally to the restaurant for the nation. it goes to clean, you know, it's, it's not, it's not per se contributes to either it's quite remarkable. i think that in either there is a still a consensus and focus so we'll just members to try to get this. uh this. yes, a project realized together. try to sort of the please contribute, let's say contribute to the solution or we're in the christ. that workshop, it shows on the web site and what's coming into site right now is actually the last

piece of the christ itself that we're putting together here. basically a giant, tim is the reason for that is that it will create an environment that protects the vacuum inside and the cold temperatures. what's happening right now here, it's the cover of the cries that it's being built to you, but just see up top of that. it's basically just the top lid. it's $3800.00 tons altogether, all 4 sections together. and as you can see by the size, it's 13 inches across. it will be 30 meters high. you just con, transport that easily. so all the pots have actually come from india, have been, will to 2 together into the full sections. usually system, the technology which is very, very complex and so how the speed to be deployed is a question mark. the principles fusion is that we want to take light particles and smashed them against each other as hard as we can. and when we do that's, they will fuse as the word and part of their mass was transformed into energy. and managing in masser, ultimately interchangeable,

you can transform mass into energy and the energy into mass. it works in both directions, either based on that as a famous formula, as equals times the squids, everyone knows that the energy we can harvest, we can pick it up to then power our houses, our industries, our, our systems in society. what we need to get this actual fusion reaction to happen is we need to initial reactance to get close enough that they will actually fuse into a final product. unfortunately, this is fairly difficult and the main reason for that is that off to initial reactance are both positively charged. and in the same way that 2 positive ends of a magnet will repel each other. so will the a solution for me. it's a bit complicated process like of when you try to bring to similar people together in society, it always gets complicated. and likewise, when you have a too small, positively charged particles, when you try to bring them together it's, it's always good. so for example, when you have to hydrogen, accept those when detailing and will increase your being positively charged. and

you tried to bring them together that event because of the electrostatic forces begin locked by if you images them enough that they can overcome this right here. and they come together and diffuse and diffuse a lot of fusion and it is being created. of course, during this process, a high energy neutrons being ejected and add football, which is commonly known as helium is being created. and this fusion image, it can then be converted to electricity, is still coughing, energy density, which is sort of future. then before you went, energy using happens in the sun's cool and extreme condition with the thing. it's extremely hot, it's very dense, which is x. that's one reason why the sun or some random stuff, home economy simply trunk ponds into those as of yet because it only works in space . so our approach has to be a bit different then. and then beacon to the sun is driving thanks like all the stars and gravity mix on the mass of the sun stick together. now we can't quite

make a start that bank in town and board tree. so we have to come up with something smart . so even when we say we use sort energy, we're actually going to use the energy coming out of the fusion reaction and to recreate this conditions or try to recreate simular conditions then those statistics are taking place into something just right to take a shortcut this year one way is plasma confinement and it took them back inside the reactor, the donut shaped vacuum bessolo surrounded by electromagnets. a tiny amount of hydrogen injected into the vacuum is plenty. and then you switch on the solenoid, which is in the middle of the, of the talk about this by the magic of physics. creates kinetic trick. feels in this store, not the hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium begin to swell around in the vacuum and initial heating

system. converts the gas into a plasma, the further heating processes using electromagnetic waves and neutral particle injection are required in order to heat the plasma temperatures of a 150000000 degrees celsius. and then the process of fusion starts. the particles can know each other sufficiently for us, so the cube and then to produce energy. then you have a sudden inside your cage neutrons interest charge. so they don't know over time said bile magnets and they fly off and hit the wall. and the reaction, so what you would do is you'd, you'd have to put a blanket on the wall. and as the neutral slows down in the blanket that hits the metal. so when you do that, it's possible to, through the whole that water tons of the steam and then the tech doesn't the intense uh, bites. bridge is out of just the dyslexia box doing part of the house stations. we

look at making any confinement as the only process that has really survived in darwin, in evolution of fusion sixpence over 60 years and more efficient research. there's also another type which is called a national confinement, which requires you to just get very, very high densities and temperatures for short period of time. most commonly, this is done with lasers, but there are other approaches and using more sort of pneumatic, just straight up physical methods to compress something. it's looking like an affinity to a single in that them both magnetic confinement, both those to come x has emerged as the most conventional way of trying to confine plasma. and they have reached marvelous results and comes in and of the talk is a stella rate, which actually wasn't invented before the talking about. but it was so complex and it's design and it's construction that it remains as a mutual causing something to say. the ones finished the each or took

a mag fusion reactor will be the largest of its kind worldwide. meanwhile, the world's biggest skyler rater fusion device is located in northern germany. the project is called vento stine, 7 ex vendors done is i've had back in by us vento styling is a mountain and hiking, trailing the very end of the palms, wind up the mountain in a way that's reminiscent of the shape of magnets that we have in this machine, yeah. like you need to do that. and so that's one reason us as, as i n g one. and secondly, because the oldest still. all right, so is this a 1st accelerated to actually get off and running within the mid 19 fifties of princeton as long the project direct to live? and some pizza was a famous astrophysicist and an avid mountain climate. i to diamond spits, so i'm going to, i still presented, he called the research web project manager on a bundle that we have some quick quick, my telephone cannot and zanna heisenberg, so word and said, then we'll name a project down through mountain to defense. so this project is called vento stine.

this is priscilla rice. a project in germany has the name of this bavarian mountain, but it's located in chrome or any other that's known as a mountain of clothes. but as a machine with a mental stine 7 x, still a right to a knob, the thing is a major fusion research facility. and located here at the max planck institute, using bright spot log onto this invitation. you, i'm not spending screwed, understand altering costs, but then my explain society decided to show its muscles when it had the 1st large scale plus stairs and had the knowledge and the know how to then going up to nice. these still rate the devices. yeah, i'm in central unit, we have 450 employees here on the funding institute. so roughly coughing, technical, and engineering status of the of the businesses of the same computer experts present given orange job compute, tax path. yeah, that's just a total of the taurus whole size values of interest on 7 x that you have it's yeah, yeah i'm, it is a lot the result. so i tell isn't it seems commodities building winds up in 2001 to

this whole was empty box and from nothing in and comprehensive, the 1st components arrived in 2005 machine and then assembly of the machine got underway. sized the total cost of everything put together was $1300000000.00 vendor b and the investment costs for the machine and standing here were around $400000000.00. and so just add for a few. and if i use stuff instead of actually the stellar rates are and what's known as the token of the other concept, which means this magnets, it almost assigns some 5 rings. shame you magnetic field box is a different issue in a token. mount and walk is a very strong electrical current. and these car rental, so it produces the costs of the required magnetic fields, afford anything look neat. say that's, that's not the case with this tell a range of new stuff. in other words, it has dental ratio and there's not a strong currency. and again, in the, in the plasma last month. and that makes the plasma line so costs my life to as a result, it's most i believe because intrude has not really doesn't want to carry any

electric current. it tries to would it off with everything in the hands with both hands and feet. so just stay in the tape, it doesn't have hands and feet, of course, but it's fine with an unstable reaction to this electrical currents. and that's why it's good to get rid of these current. it solves a whole lot of problems and then i'll talk because there's no electrical current flowing in the stellar ray. so if the magnetic field must be configured to the quote, that's a requirement of physics, it's up to the fall. so it changes on how it's shrink. 6 points, and that's where all the research is focused. of course, decades of physics research has been devoted to the shape of these magnetic fields would be found. the shape of the magnets can determine the shape, eliminating seem like you need to, but it's the most accurate shape of the magnetic field is what you can imagine that this for, even if it looks very old, we essentially asked nature how the magnetic field should look on these as the onset said, i was saying or does as the unfold, the vendor scientists can supply mental stine is far too small to produce

electricity sign the scale down as much as cost above us. so we can still learn from it to determine what was the so since we have researching so that we can achieve this tonight to match the theme is magnetic seals and switched on. so as far as so that if we would have put fusion fuel into it, then we wouldn't get the fusion line for the road. that's what we finding out. that's the mission of spinning that all the stuff system. as soon as you have a cut, all had to run character, you then setting up an access points to climb into the machine and it's picking work is daunting again on the siri or the vessel we have now, technicians and engineers will climb in there. the piece of things to offer and they'll be working inside the machine when it's done in the machine all. but i may said we made it so difficult as a good machine it's worked is working really fine. it's time to work with this machine. it's so tame. it so right, of course, each machine, the machine has a so i must say the machine has a good so sometimes ever, there was a hard day or

a frustrating day. incentives always cheering, to go here and just to ask for nothing. and then you know what, your, what, why you're doing it and severe jane and sonya. so people, people say that, so this is a kind of pinnacle or at least a very nice example of german engineering look. so german, because everything is shiny and tidy. it's science, cost and steel. be asking for us, you'll need to name. and so there's fusion companies emerged in the us and britain in shawn, but germany has really caught up in recent years on c, r o. and it really has a terrific foundation. ha, how for the monitor, i'll hunt institute for plasma physics and unit operates and 2 of the biggest fusion devices in the world. for students, i log in to mainly and aspects upgrade and vendor stein, 7, x sensitive and x. germany has long had the scientific know how basin shop you should know how to compare. for example, from suite your money. the amount of carbon dioxide for this broke out in front is

half of the one producing germany. nope, it's sending. if i did enjoy money, that has been a tremendous amount of investment for renewable energy, steel. it's about tough. i think doing money is a prime candidate for nuclear power. i'm sorry that, that doesn't make sense. we leaving there for quite some time. there is a good quality, good technology, and i think in general, nuclear power is a would be well placed in germany. and the fusion is as a, is one of the possible sources, of course for the long term is a vice indulgence. jeremiah. when you just mentioned the word nuclear, people immediately react as though they're a bit allergic to it. and that's why a great deal of educational work is needed advice so that people understand the differences the investigate wants to see this. in one case, 9 a large out of a split closest to that's sufficient have dish or adam splitting fee. so you'll know that can 5 occasions and lighter items you have fuse together to make comments

was i'm in the office. one is under the nuclear technology as well. so you have to address the topic of protection from radiation mobile unit rules. you need regulations, you need the procedures to handle that stuff. holland up for the interview regulation, kind of be on over to me. it's important if regulation would not be right, we would have to design power plants for the wrong requirements. we would have to overcomplicate the system and make it even more complex than it already is. and this is not anyone's advantage. or it's a very, a challenge to develop an industry where regulation itself is being created. we have regulation related to power times of all different sorts. we have the threats in fusion to be mixed up with fission. the other kind of new care which is about speaking uranium fusion has been, it's been taught to do with the other and nuclear, but in people's minds, which was seen quite similar. so there is a real threat to social acceptance of this new technology. if we don't regulate

fusion in the right way, we could make more damage from the history. if you mind, if you don't, we may realize in practice. ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready ready so in this mac you very soon, right, you would generate like you and then plus boss, and then keep them up. are you bring them off when really high temperature off 450000000 decreases, which is 10 times more than the core temperature off the sun. so now we have got to things like human plasma, which means high temperature. all you need to con dean. this in a dense phone, this, we can do, we can do very high temperatures. we can do very high densities. we can come find these hot met there is plasma for a long time. but can we do the things and the same time at a $100000000.00 degrees? somebody would have things happen. you start having particles colliding so often

edit such energy. then you get this stuff to stick with conditions where enough fusion reactions are happening. to over come the level of expenses that you haven't seen to the system in the 1st place. a plasma is the 4th state of messed up from the basic ones where you start with a solid out a little bit of energy. you get a liquid out, a bit more energy, you've got a gas, and then you've got even more energy to that. you end up with a plasma. a fun one with plasma means that your whole gas becomes charged at me is you can hold in place with magnetic fields, but there are a number of different other approaches. most of those still rely on what we call magnetic confinement, which is keeping the plasma can find by using magnetic field. yeah, so we know magnet doesn't work and the central thing about magnets and magnetic fields is that we have to get this plasma hot. and under the $50000000.00 degrees for something that waits a few times, the process goes month,

very confinement because we want to basically make sure that the plasma is to say, it's a detached from the wall and compressed by a mechanic feed. so there must be a current in the plasma and the must be, i'm not going to decrease this magnetic field is generated by the magnet, it says, and which basically allows the prospect to be separated from, from the water. it's a bit like, you know, when you'll see my kinetic libby station and you'll see that that object is being able to float on like many feet. a pioneer among large fusion reactors is located in britain, the joint european taurus, jet for short. since it came into operation in 1983 experiments using jet have resulted in a number of fusion breakthroughs, these insights have been woven into the development of ether. it says jet, which is the biggest operating talking back in the, in the world. currently. this is a jet investment training facility, and the actual j experiment is through a big, big old over that. and get is,

is the, the largest operating physics firm in the world. we does the power and the grids. it's an experiment, run full run by year a fusion. you can see it's kind of got a circular safe. it's quite hard to say from this angle, but it's, it's, it's a, it's a doe not safe, at least on the inside. and that's key for fusion. so if we were in the rail chat and talking about what the vacuum vessel would look much as you can see. so with this robo is here, you have about a 150000000 degrees, which is what you need for the season reaction. and then just under my feet, and here you have special pumps that are at 4 degrees above absolute 0. so you have the hottest place in the galaxy right here. and the coldest place on the just do you me to the way down that even though projects like jet has been around for decades and the principle of fusion was proven in the mid 20th century. the technology is still not ready for prime time, hence the old joke that fusion energy is always 30 years away. even still more and

more private investors believe in the potential economic success of fusion. and i'll just stop saying that the sales you applied, the stones, i've seen is really broad. i, more than cd companies have been set up world line of gotten desanto spice trucks. and the fusion is one special example for us. and because the found is at least the young people from our institutions to since the us ones i'm in central, proxima fusion is a spin out of deluxe lancaster for plasma 6. we are based in munich, and we're working on quizes of dynamic stella rate. there's as a way to make a fusion energy. emission approximate fusion is nothing but putting energy on the grid. there's, there's an incredibly large objective, of course our public institutions have been doing research on the topic for decades . we've now built sectional how it's going to be time to transition the field to complemented with more and more engineering. so proxima is working to think about the main engineering systems that needed to actually convert something from

a scientific project. to an energy focused project, we must be handled by the i'm really standing on the shoulders of giants. and we need to make the most of the opportunity of translating these research into in your industry. so that the interaction to approximate fusion has with the knox blank is based on collaboration agreements. doctor sheet. and this is a transfer of knowledge taking place because ultimately the discoveries of our research belong to the well, i'm glad that we funded by tax payers. and so as a result, we are cut my belongings to humanity and admin startups, as well as all startups. we are trying to build this relationship in a complimentary way. there are things that are not within the months. blanks, mission commercialization is not one of those engineering a large scale towards energy producing systems, not within the marketplace commission, but the very much within what we need to do. i think it's very natural for and obviously the next is transition to what we need to the next step of the story. we

can develop this technology with working on and make this a source of energy the last effective before ever for your money to this power plants that we're thinking of that could be placed anywhere in the world. the dream would be to have a stellar rate of power plants in every big city in the world. we are not trying to build the electrical connection to the grid. we need to understand it in order to be able to address, what are the needs of that system we want to sell, celebrate this rather than energy itself. so as we go in, develop these designs of power plants. the question of what is the cost per kilowatt hour megawatts that you were able to deliver? that is a key question. and obviously the next 2 hour ice is the kind of device that shows the clearest and most robust way to fusion energy. the advantage though, of dealing with the complexity almost every to over the simplicity of a talking like is that a to come back? has corp no issues. so to say it's very difficult to actually run it. it's definitely an exciting time in terms of how much is happening in the private fusion

industry. and i find particularly exciting the interface between the new private industry and the public institutions if that interaction. i think that can speed us up the may again team i think the so the, the issue of energy has become very urgent us for this. and again, it's really starting to her in terms of energy supply and the impact from the environment and climate. the model and only that the so these initiatives that gaining the mentions of the goals is on auto pages. on to naming diesel one goes to the european company. um the companies that founded gals fusion had been working and fusion for decades. this, yeah, of the ticket comments, these tools i'm into twin 2022 and they have the idea to merge and set up gauss fusion in order to build a 1st of its kind fusion power plants as you own scave to back to building you own to shine, we're different from other companies in this sector in them,

but because they are largely spin offices from universities or research institute this evening or the for sealants. and it was due on sunday enforcements. and red students in golf is the new kid on the block when it comes to fusion broke. some of them are trying to utilize some existing technology, maybe with very ambitious goals. some of them are trying to introduce new ideas. some of them are trying to develop some specific technologies, for example, migrant technologies. but it's a very, very large, but are you at the of ideas that are broiling in the same stuff tops around the world, both fusion each uh, each task grew. stay in my opinion. sister peter is the biggest and most complex project. many things haven't ever tackled yet, so to have heater is doing truly via mirroring worksheets. we wouldn't be here talking about fusion if it weren't for either see penny's cuba. yeah. hot us before radio ons and we'll continue learning from either in the future when you turn it on

. and it's essential that we implement what science has shown shaft pc. its and this implementation can only happen through industry insights from kind of what we see now is the time where industry steps it and builds on the everything we've learned from science at all of thoughts meet island bus bus bus, the f one, w, some childcare, downtown by that hum both the token ok and the stellar writer has advantages and disadvantages to see. i think the geometry of the seller writer is very complicated compared to the token, not one, but still the raiders are better than took them acts and using adams to control plasma. so by so by having pros and cons and both present their own challenges as for them and we're investigating which one we'd like to work with in the future and, and find vi and so cool. all right, most you have a noise, every new technology needs some kind of seed money, troop fi, nancy, you don't think the solar and even energy began. so now, without initial support from the state on these renewable energy use,

wouldn't have been able to make the important contribution by their making today, or they think we should invite that into bringing missed miss mitch license. if you look at the future and how we're going to power our society that keeps growing in size and in consumption, we will need more and more energy that is based load that goes and comprehensive renewables that we love and know so, so much and the, the when the solar we need something that is not intermittent. there are a number of technologies that are developing. we'll keep developing that great, we should keep pushing on those. now we shouldn't make ever one that would kind of have a single point of failure in the development of society. yeah, no worry about it. and again, it's and renewable energy is a truly a wonderful thing. and so that they have a problem, isn't they do some recent sizes, meaning they don't always available and convinced like the wind is blowing, oldest son is in shining. there's no electricity window at the store at level expense during is very, very difficult when you're talking about these huge amounts of energy and they do

more, you feel to get out and compensate using another source. the always glossy to wish i'm under the kind of i think i don't need to to, to expand the importance of reducing that significantly our dependency of our forcing officer fluids. as of today, our mildred standing, the, the, the targets that they've been set by many governments collectively in the world. we keep increasing carbon dioxide production. and it's still going as in the wrong direction. and when you look even at congress in the western world, which heavy employment major as a steps to reduce still, it's not going down fast enough. so we have to find a solution that's complex. so in the, when it comes to financing ends, the timeframe makes things tricky. that, that, that site that i mean we're talking about projects that spend 15 to 20 years fancy

on the funding. them become somewhat complicated. you don't. so as you put the return on investment won't come tomorrow, complete, see $4.00 and $3.00 or 5 years time from now, which is what kind of mentioned or private equity companies aren't coming to the fee. i'm in, give, on seeing if there's an, as a commercial net as an investment, but it's a difficult one objective. it's very difficult for an investor to understand the entire landscape and identifying those companies for an investor distinguishing between the different physics and engineering. concepts can be extremely challenging that size of the markets that we are investing with fusion power plants is enormous. so we're seeing today the birth of the real big layers of to more. yeah. for the one split test, the fusion process is already a 1000000 in assignments more efficient than the process of combustion and goes for a large coal fired power plants calls you need tens of thousands of tons of coal a day. that's to ship loads. dr. since my goal is actually for me and for a fusion power plants, the similar capacity was it was kind of just need

a key load. i think that's about a bucket. so since i hang per month, that means that in the morning, astonishment that can bring the fuel in a small pockets into an exciting kind of death. and just astounding another from phillips teams and use this as a fuel in the way we look at it. and heavy forms of hydrogen. this forms of hydrogen can be created. uh, pardon me, widely available in see working and pardon me. we can create them in a self sufficient way, you know, produce them within our own power plants as we need from slows down. if you put them in the blanket neutron, hit submit them and breeds for it to you. it creates its own fuel and so we take the fuel that we've made in the blanket or recycle on put it back into the reactor . this means that the fuel that we need can be exhaustible by an exhaust. i'm. i do mean that it's easy. i mean that we can develop this technology with working on and make this a source advantage of the left effectively forever. this is our find for loops.

it's just an amazingly efficient use, okay? and it's readily available. it's not like you have to be on good terms with someone who has these fuels and then pay them loads of money to go to in principal. everyone has a need up, a deep feeling hot. how to feed a head. i was for the fusion homes with many challenges i was for the with the one hurdle it needs to overcome is public acceptance, e, c, d, or felicia to puts a new technology policy on these time. you know, people don't know what fusion is least about. so there has to be a lot of educational work guides among other things, life event on the under. and then for the one of the as being a nuclear technology issue and fusions doesn't have the major problems typically associated with it. i do, in particular, hopefully means one is the loss of control when a power plant breaks down, which we've done, fortunately, experienced a few times already complex. so i say that's a that's brought on by either external, internal factors or so in principle,

that's not possible with the fusion up and see. and that's because these hot seen gas, which has to be built top of the gas collapses, as soon as something goes wrong, it goes out by itself. that's why to the 2nd point is the permanent storage. it's highly radioactive material like a fusion doesn't for juice material. that remains radioactive for a very, very long time, the long 850002800000 years. so we don't need final storage. this ones on each end plug in the 1980s. everybody realize that the time that to get fusion, that within the day and the complexity associated with size. and this was the time when the gorbachev and reagan, they found this as a potential area of cooperation. the global cooperation of ether continues. many are hopeful that, unlike fission nuclear fusion could be the answer to our unless appetite for energy

worldwide. but critics question, if the process, the fusion is really as efficient and clean as it's towed in to be. well, the principle of fusion may be relatively simple. the technical challenges are so great that researchers are constantly need to solve new problems. the material is one of the biggest challenge because of high temperature because of low temperature because of highly making it big fee because of highly withdrawing flux and all of it together within a couple of meters. so we have created new materials for fusion to set the susan technician. aside from the technical hurdles, there are other challenges we need to address and does that mean this labor, for example, by speed of lights? correct? we need a lot of people with specialist knowledge in the future. me to build hundreds of fusion power plants last week. and so boeing at this funeral, there were just a few steps missing and then we should be able to get it off the ground despite the

major technical challenges. the goal is that because ultimately all of the limitations that technically nature has nothing in physics to speak against it. in principle, nuclear fusion is a source of energy that c o 2 emission free. but is it really achievable on a large scale? and will it be ready in time to avert the worst effects of climate change? of the size of the for the only using word cuz there's no down to balance that there's no need to further proof that it works and people know that stuff fuel knows it because it be a little complicated celia, but now we come. so it's fun that we can just about smell and switch off. we're getting really close isn't for me. if i'm not on one cannot overestimate the importance of some form of that. you've optimism. you know that the hope what we're trying to do is so and vicious and there will be so many challenges ahead of us. but the objective, the mission that we after is so great for those for future research is so

challenging that we have to keep costs from one generation to the next. we're in the 3rd generation. now. you can get solution that with you and have a tool that is really the core is the scientific experiment. i think it's before the prototype. yeah. prototype is already something in general in engineering. it's something that you know, you want to test whether, if we've just work for the intent of purpose. so a prototype for a fusion act act for them spa, this is north with either will do. it is a scientific setting that which has been sized and they mentioned in such a way that it would be successful if you're not allowed to pro proceed. and the idea in diffusion program is c meter type of react. that would be based on the knowledge database that in a little later. and that maybe we let you read truly in the, to a prototype. so we are little bit far from a prototype. there are a number of things that need to be part of this cocktail. us of ways of addressing

climate change fusion as being a big beast in there because of so much. if we get fears, i'm going to manage it would be different. we enter a new era, a few minutes of efficient that's. that's enough said we have to work more is a more expedite way in order to address the problem of this planet. we have to work for us that i think as i have seen very often the people think ok, let's wait for the fusion, the fusion. we so loved the problem. i think this is not responsible for me. my some point to this is another message i'd like to convey to you. so we are in the process of really finding a new baseline and the new schedule, we have to get the right. yeah. how we're planning to finish a 1st fusion power plant by the early 20 forty's, practice or standing. we do not currently have any single technology or even mix of technology is that we can say, we'll definitely provide sufficient energy for a growing population and

a growing standard of living at infinity. so, and if we were to be able to make fusion of reality, that may well be true that we could have that security. there's will be an edge of the future, whether it would be right. for the end, it just transition. that's for us to answer. the objective of all the fish and companies as of now must be to develop fusion energy to connect our all those our prototypes to the grades within 20 years for you on ease of use and is a reliable as you can exhaustible and clean source of energy that harms neither the environmental nor the climate d d. p. and fusion offers benefits beyond that, don't beat about it, gives us energy independence. we want to keep the ones in the main screen, and it makes us the kind of global international supply chains. bill biling, intern not to not lindsey focus. now is the time when we're entering the field, translating research into an industry that can then scale to meet our climate

challenges. the speed is the key aspect. a lot of this, it's not. the question is not whether we will get fusion. the question is just when at this point the s as paul from getting a get 1st of all we need energy. so i think 2nd, we need more energy for the developing world into this 3rd, we need energy that sell something new. a new c o 2 into the atmosphere times see what's why in the appendix holes we need energy. that's a safe environment under 5 bolton every one on us and see the amount of devices in the

leasing walls, such as in the human names, almost have to find irritate. using discount remains of mel just places to construct suspicion most are reservoir while also testing in the water saving cultivation message india in 30 minutes on the w 9. but we'll tell here we are happy, the boxing was the story. we have a getting a visa is more difficult than finding gold hosted to use the dream force and for the future in the stories industries that are being discussed across the country. news africa. in 90 minutes on d. w. the

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carry on and some last day, a nice the nice get there housing for america. in baby shuttle stops august 3rd on d w the . this is dw news, and these are our top stories. the u. n says ongoing finding of the breakdown of low in order in gaza have made distribution to dangerous power. vacuum is left tons of supplies held up on the guards inside if is really controlled. border crossing. israel blames the bottom deck on what he calls you in logistical failing. you as president joe biden is standing firm in the face of rising cost with banded his bid for re election. the 81 year olds, mental fitness has been under scrutiny since he appeared confused.