right now, so there's no actually about meals, join us as we travel around your, facing the history of every day of that. and that's something right around the world. and i need to talk to you about just a subscriber id, listen to podcasts and will take you along to the right to the young women in japan. breathing new like same to an old tradition, the any rock we looked at, the impacts of climate change on house, the and we ask, why are we so hooked on? let's see. i've been through the

to understand why lithium make such a good battery. we need to know how a battery actually works. and if you hear battery, this is probably what comes to mind. this one is were chargeable and made of lift them. we can make a super simple circuit with a battery. 2 wires and an l. e. d. is seen for the terms of it, but the deep is today's more controllable. and ernesto julio cosmo is a professor and researcher who has spent the past 12 years focusing on lithium. you bought a lot of energy. you need a very small, but as you want to get out all this energy very fast and you're going to go away and not in an explosion. this works to the movement of electrons and ions. electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles that float around. adams. ions are items that have lost or gains an electron. this battery contains lithium graphite co balls, and

a liquid. batteries have negatively and positively charged size. lithium ions and electrons on one side of the battery when connected to a circuit, electrons travel outside the battery along the circuit generating electricity. the electricity goes from negative to positive flowing through the l. a. b in the middle. meanwhile, what's left in the battery is lithium ion. that's where the lithium ion battery gets its name. the ions travel inside the battery from the graphite to the co bulk . when it's recharging, they go in the other direction. but batteries basically destroy themselves in the process, either they lose their ability to create electricity or chemicals build up on the electrodes. as batteries age, the electrons travel less and less efficiently and the battery loses its capacity. the metals can also grow into spike's, which can short circuit the battery, in the worst case of battery failure, big night and explode. so a good battery can store a lot of energy without exploding and doesn't quickly lose its capacity. one of the

many reasons why left them makes a great battery, is that unlike lead or acid, cliff humans only mildly talks and these new lithium batteries can store more energy per graham than any other battery ever invented. what makes with themes so great? weird lee is that it's super reactive. so i got my hands on some lithium which should be 99 percent pure. going to try and put it in some water and see what happens. but um, safety 1st. it's a really soft metal, so it, so it'd be completely breakable just with my fingers. wow, look at that. so that's the lithium inside. it's reacting with the oxygen in the air so fast that the metal is already darkening. we're going to try and put this little bit of lithium in some water and see what happens. okay, so i'm going to choose, woo,

i do understand why this happens. we need to look at electronics. again, lithium loses electrons and creates ions really easily. that means that the ions inside the battery move around really quickly and efficiently. that makes the battery is able to charge faster, have a longer live site, goes and above all store more energy. aside from its ability to store energy, the theme is also winter when it comes to weight. all of these can be used in batteries, but they would make the batteries heavier. that's because the lithium is the least dense metal on the planet. the fact that it's so extremely light makes it the best option for electronics. one of the main reasons computers in this size instead of the mass of machines they were in the eighty's, is the invention of the lithium ion battery. it's also by far the best option for electric cars, buses, and plains, because the light of the vehicle, the less energy it takes to move it around. and that's why our appetite for lithium is skyrocketing. according to the international energy agency,

demand for lithium could increase between 13 and 51 times by 2040 australia is the top producer of lithium, followed by july. but other countries around the world are ramping up production to meet the mass of global demand. in 2022, global with and production was at a 130000 metric tons. that's quadrupled from 2010. when production was a little over 20000 metric tons. the good news is that we technically have enough of it in the ground, according to some estimates around $80000000.00 metric tons of around 10 kilos per person on the planet. but just because this white gold is abundant, doesn't mean it's easy to get, getting it out of the ground can be slow and costly. and the mining and refining processes are concentrated in a few countries. that means that the demand for it is quickly pacing the current available supply. this bottleneck is also raising the price after 2020 prices of raw materials went up. for while others came down with the interest can, can you,

to increase. and mining itself comes with its own host of problems extracting lithium from rock or requires a lot of energy often powered by fossil fuels. what's better, it's extracting it from bright water that's mixed with minerals to day. the last just process is to evaporate these bright and well that in very shallow bones, which had extremely large, let's say the 1000 times a football stadium. brian mines used thousands of leaders of water for one kind of lift them into a lithium mining, has already led to water shortages in the area and diverted water from local communities. the mines can also cause soil degradation and disrupt local eco system . and then there's the whole problem of what happens to the batteries after we're done with them. although the lithium itself can be reused, lithium, batteries, deteriorate, and most of them land in the trash. one obvious solution is to create infrastructure to recycle lithium batteries. that's what happened with lead

batteries due to government regulation. 99 percent of lead batteries in the us are recycled? recycling with families entirely new technology. but it's catching up. lithium ion battery recycling is expected to increase to $420.00 killer tons per year by 2030 up from the current 50 killer tons per year. better. lithium batteries are also on the wet cobalt which is mine and very problematic conditions could be replaced with nickel, manganese or iron, or the graphite in the battery could be swapped for graphed, feet. it's made by taking a layer of graphite just like this and making it progressively spinner and thinner until it turns into a single layer of carbon atoms. graphene is the strongest material ever discovered, and more conductive than graphite. you can also make the inside of the battery solid instead of liquid to make it less likely to explode. most of this is still in the lab, but these advances could make the battery safer, longer lasting and store more energy,

which could also make them more attractive for storing large amounts of renewable energy on a grid scale. so it certainly doesn't look like our addiction to lithium is going away any time soon because lithium dominates the battery worlds and for good reason, [000:00:00;00] the ones that thailand is notice that the rock is one of the country's most affected by climate change worldwide temperatures of over 50 degrees celsius are becoming more common, making people sick or the who's seen is on his way to the local well, around him. signs of climate change are everywhere. okay. there's no water. the well is dry. he tells his son. this used to be

a racks most fertile region, but the country has suffered a severe drought for years in a row of the 60 families in the village, 40 of left ivy. hussein's family is one of the few still here at the bottom of just 4 years ago. we find the land here, but trout has turned our land into the desert. we had to give up, tied up without farming. there was no income. his 5 children face an uncertain future. the ground water here is salty. iraq is less and less fresh water in the countryside and in this cities, climate change is to blame. and those are the water policies of neighboring iran and turkey. the 2 countries of built a numerous dams leaving too little water for rock down stream because of the salty ground water. the children have source and open wounds on their skin. towns they

don't know and on this it's very painful. sometimes they're close to stick to the wings, which makes it even worse. the rising temperatures are also contributing to the spread of disease, like least my diocese transmitted by sam slot is tight. i thought i need something high and being 2nd to transmit to the infection, which causes fever. it's happened a lot here in the region. ali who's seen and his daughter is newer and saundra r lucky be a rocky red crescent has come to their village, nor is hands are terribly h e. sandra often finds it hard to walk because of the pain. she has to teach my nicest and insidious disease. it affects the skin, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. the edge i ever see tested today was a high, high dollar. how came here on the left job and his team are seeing more and more cases like this. they want to raise awareness. medical help is expensive, and the newest hospital is 50 kilometers away. the rocky red crescent regularly

travels across the country, visiting villages, q and a boo boo. i shed the people are as little better off the village community has dug a well. she needs to though the ground water contains too much salt. and so for a question, this facility has changed their lives. it supplies the village and neighboring villages with clean water. 2000 meters per hour are the sale unaided intimate fit to drink height or how to him and his team have distributed over 60 water tanks and the region. a helpful on the facility is a lifetime for people here to read. christian, 10 to partners are working to build a series of facilities to alleviate the water shortage, which if off of that one. so every week they check the salt content every week. they have to change the filters. there's no alternative the village needs more than one facility like this. many surrounding village is separate from

a lack of drinking water and water for dish washing and showering care on the oldest to him, i last saw living with climate change. awareness is important for children to, to hide on how to him and his team talk about infectious diseases and show them how to wash their hands properly. that can save lives on it. well, so far they're open no debts, but we're seeing that the lack of drinking water, drought, and distorted if occasion are causing a rise and skin diseases and poisoning. what does i'm about? i did them some of the co now how do you know i'm about to deal to unlock the someone that you just as an adult for them outside of head to show according to the un here. rock is the 5th most vulnerable country to climate break down. it also has a rapidly growing population. in that case, upper for the sample that we need to reinforce our health systems to cope. we've been devastating consequences of climate change on our health so that they feel assistance that already over to well and not with the climate change. that would be

totally co ops if we don't know to prefer them better. and if we don't send finance of resources, ali who's saying would like to stay here with his family. but the conditions are getting increasingly difficult. positive way has the new school from the water you can see here is brought to us by car 1000 leaders every week for us and our animals. that's not enough to mike our lead. hussein's family could soon become climate refugees in their own country, like one and a half 1000000 people in iraq. the the pollution resulting from blending oil, gas and cold kills 5000000 people. yeah,

that's mold and obesity. malaria or alcohol binding fossil fuels produces toxic particles, tiny enough to enter the lungs. this particular message is among the main causes of stroke, cancer, and diabetes. it's time to fix shape for pedro amount to a rebate. daily activities like climbing stairs pose a big challenge. i have a lung disease i'm suffering my struggle to breathe properly, to wherever the 74 year old retiree is one of hundreds of thousands of people in lima suffering from respiratory diseases ranging from acute infections to long and heart complaints. city authorities say hundreds of people die every year as a result of respiratory disease. the peruvian capital has

a big health problem. pedro met a rebate, has a weekly check up at a hospital, the care and medication he receives here as an approved his quality of life. move in beneficiary. good. what are you doing? perfect by the front of say that now please remove your mask. i think one more on been we have many patients like pedro month rebate, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, what seal pd, and they have those here you and in other hospitals, in lima. and it's something that the castle is. what's interesting is that many of them have never smoked, will see what they're only very little. yes, even if it be, the disease is similar that sound in other countries, among heavy smokers and lots and lots of those, we believe it is linked to environmental pollution. so so the conclusion borne out in many studies, i mean only think that one cuz there's 2 of us pulling up the fuel number that we met. it has more than 10000000 residents. air pollution levels are high mainly from traffic in industry.

the in 2022 lima record the 2nd highest levels of particulate matter pollution in latin america. after santiago did chilly, but experts say air quality measurements in lima are inadequate. now the situation is likely far worse than previously thoughts. peruvian company kyra is looking for solutions. it is developed low cost measuring devices and a digital tool aimed at making information on air pollution and lima accessible to all the success. i'm also wondering if we zoom in on lima. we look at the information that's publicly available in the surveillance network. the green is good, yellow, montrose, and orange and red bad a whole lot. the most critical value is $2.00, which means particulate matter of $2.00 micro i'm it has nothing on. those are the

finest particles, the very small ones, the end to the rest spirit tree tracks, and then penetrate the human body some into the blood stream. on both of those again, using this data. so the authorities have taken steps, reduce emissions, and heavily affected areas. some parts of the storage center are now close to vehicles but more needs to be done is this. environmental activists have spent years reinforcing the hills around lima, the pacific ocean on one side, and the mountains on the other. are the capitals only natural borders. vegetation here traps, dust particles and suspended matter helping to improve air quality. they have also installed

a network of fog catchers. these collect water from the regions dense winter fog. this is crystal clear water. yes, i was not even more time to be diverted into a collection point like this one here. how long it even use it for drip irrigation? lima is green, long has been subject to deforestation for more than 400 years. new settlements in industries continue to be constructed on the outskirts of the city. the long term systematic deforestation has had a negative impact on the cities, health, local reforestation work, as held curvy roads and, but it's not enough for an experts. a far wider scale effort is required since they do need to prove produce is less than 0.08 percent of globalization. so they live in. so if one day, lee malware to no longer made many gas or pollutants plan would still be polluted.

democrats here hold up and then we allow non stop pollution or climate change afford effect and we will be the ones who suffer you from give you much. i the bills, he's one of the most of the woods here with his doctors help pedro much rebate is managed to reduce some of his pain the, to now enjoy a short walk around his neighborhood and some independence. now more than ever, there was an urgent need to reduce emissions and improve air quality in lima. and across the world, the stain balanced, positioning the arrow, and drawing the boat at full gallop, i suppose to relinquish his control to her horse. spade. she knows exactly what he's doing and that let's or concentrate on her stance and taking aim

the most. indeed, i only take my hands off the horse with my trust and completely that's the most important thing. this trust has had time to evolve. our 1st met spade when he was 2 and she was 7 since then the 2 had been inseparable growing up in the country side of northern japan and i am worry prefecture to share a passion for you. i will send me japanese mounted archery centuries ago. yup. who said it was thought to be good practice for the battle field, but her gelding spade is far too peace loving for that one . okay, so he'd probably run away from the enemy,

picking the smith. but archery is no longer an art of war. and the ritual and ceremonial aspects of your boost to me aren't taken all that seriously anymore either was normal day. that's a really huge starts. you have. it's been ages since i've seen any that. so i look at a 50 percent. ok here and root japan. it was to me is experiencing a revival as a leisure support. women like all you would say in their early twenties are reinterpreting the century's old tradition. the nation of the day. how i look at me in this direction. so all that's right, just like that. so you have to stay flexible when trainer, are you coming more? a started out. 15 years ago, mounted archery was still

a male domain. on the saturday i'm assuming is i had to put up with a lot back then they told the women had no business being here. and just see if i ask you all this, i'm in the sort of the even side, and i don't want to even hear the words. yep. with somebody coming out of your mouth. but uh, you always have to put the boxes stuck on, excuse me, right? at the mountain archery might have died out in japan if it weren't for these young women's a to z. as in japan has an aging dwindling population. young people are drawn to the cities, always lose his passion for your boots, and it is what keeps her in the countryside of the the spoke the other, some of those things great that more people are becoming interested in. yep. losing it again, the more was, are you talking about them? but it seems like it has less appeal for boys. when you've heard another party, equal to the family will probably soon be an all female support to the one level

cutting that's up. i don't know if it comes with a lot of it's given, the family has always supported her pass and she's been winning competition fit since 10th grade. does. her mother is selling the garment for her next event from chemo know fabric. i always to say wants to dazzle the tournament the which one do you want? one of the most guess coming will give you a sunday. so then this once for sunday, they're able to get used to that. i'm gonna have to see on the main looks aren't my style pink is out of the question. so many of our small town of toyota has boldly proclaimed the tournament to be the world championship. somewhat wishful

thinking on the part of the organizer gets from abroad. rarely make their way here . but for iris who say such competitions are crucial for the sports future. if you have wisdom, it is to survive. it has to look good. so looking at the hicks and you could come up today, the archers, these to pick themselves, read the before they went into battle, the created and whom a man with. and that's why i do the same now the unless it has, it has done. this is the, the competition is almost exclusively female. rules requires. 3 shots at full gallop. the archers have just fractions of the 2nd, the aim,

the shoot. that's exhausting. the move them. it's not over for you yet. the still another round. it sounds are the one of the chimes of you happens to me is that it's a sport that's open to everyone to take on your medical women and men of all ages. musical monica, i'm assuming they're brave enough to attempt the wild. right. and we're ready to compete against the very best the an honor that once again goes to ice listing the would you like move insights and solutions from around the world? if you want to meet the people fight takes the climate change to visit us on

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d. w. they're breaking out the big guns to fight these tiny creatures in paris and beyond. the bed bugs part taken over our bedroom. researchers are volunteering to be nibbled on the spending bugs in the mail, and welcome to port tire timelines, campus so full thanks, tourism. but just what you didn't see. you can't see it anywhere else in the world . you have any, if you go to a prostitute twice or 3 times as much and the other half the service in 2023, a documentary, uncovered corruption on child abuse. the youngest one, for example, let me show you this was her. now the film team investigates the was executive has changed the red light, dark shadow,

6 tourism the . this is dw news lives from violin. us presidential hopeful cumberland harris picks her running mates. the democratic nominee says she's chosen to move to be her vice president. if she wins the white house in november, folds is currently governor of the sites in minnesota or in the midwest region, but seen as crucial to democrats. the election also coming outside with dash a student protests lead to say they weren't to accept an army led government off to

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