the history of everything else that has something right around the world, but no need to talk to that. just a subscriber id, listen to pop, gosh, that will take you along to the right to the young women in japan, breathing new life into an old tradition. the, any rock we look at the impacts of climate change on health the and we ask, why are we so hope it's only been through the to understand why lithium make such

a good battery. we need to know how battery actually works. and if you hear battery, this is probably what comes to mind. this one is retractable, and made it lift them. we can make it super simple circuit with a battery 2 wires and an l. e. d. you seem pretty terms. it, but city. a say is more controllable and are nice. now, julio cosmo is a professor and researcher who has spent the past 12 years focusing on lithium. you both and both the energy. you have various more ways you want to get out all this energy very fast and you're going to away and not in an explosion. this works to the movement of electrons and ions. electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles that float around. adams. ions are items that have lost or gains and electron. this battery contains lithium graphite cobalt and a liquid. batteries have negatively and positively charged size. a lithium ions and

electrons on one side of the battery when connected to a circuit, electrons travel outside the battery along the circuit, generating electricity. the electricity goes from negative to positive flowing through the l. a. b, in the middle. meanwhile, what's left in the battery is lithium ion. that's where the lithium ion battery gets its name. the ions travel inside the battery from the graphite to the co, bulk. when it's recharging, they go in the other direction. but batteries basically destroy themselves in the process, either they lose their ability to create electricity or chemicals build up on the electrodes. as batteries age, the electrons travel less and less efficiently and the battery loses its capacity. the metals can also grow into spike's, which can short circuit the battery, in the worst case of battery failure, big night and explode. so a good battery can store a lot of energy without exploding and doesn't quickly lose its capacity. one of the many reasons why lithium makes a great battery is that unlike lead or acid,

lithium was only mildly talks and these new lithium batteries can store more energy per graham than any other battery ever invented. what makes with themes so great? weird lee is that it's super reactive. so i got my hands on some lithium which should be 99 percent pure. going to try and put it in some water and see what happens. but um, safety 1st. it's a really soft metal, so it, so it'd be completely breakable just with my fingers. wow, look at that. so that's the lithium inside. it's reacting with the oxygen in the air so fast that the metal is already darkening. we're going to try and put this little bit of lithium in some water and see what happens. okay? so, moment of truth, ooh. to understand why this happens, we need to look at electrons again, lithium loses electrons and creates ions really easily. that means that the ions

inside the battery move around really quickly and efficiently. that makes the batteries able to charge faster, have a longer live site goes and above all store more energy. aside from its ability to store energy, the theme is also winter when it comes to weight. all of these can be used in batteries, but they would make the batteries heavier. that's because the lithium is the least dense metal on the planet. the fact that it's so extremely light makes it the best option for electronics. one of the main reasons computers in this size instead of the mass of machines they were in the eighty's, is the invention of the lithium ion battery. it's also by far the best option for electric cars, buses, and plants. because the light of the vehicle, the less energy it takes to move it around, a match bar appetite for lithium is skyrocketing. according to the international energy agency, demand for lithium could increase between 13 and 51 time is by 2040 australia is

the top producer of lithium, followed by july. but other countries around the world are ramping up production to meet the massive global demand in 2022, global with and production was at a 130000 metric tons. that's quadrupled from 2010. when production was a little over 28000 metric tons. the good news is that we technically have enough of it in the ground, according to some estimates around $80000000.00 metric tons of it around 10 kilos per person on the planet. but just because those white gold is abundant doesn't mean it's easy to get, getting it out of the ground can be slow and costly. and the mining and refining processes are concentrated in a few countries. that means that demand for it is quickly pacing the current available supply. this bottleneck is also raising the price after 2020 prices of raw materials went up. for a while, others came down, lithium just continued to increase. and mining itself comes with its own host of problems extracting lithium from rock or requires

a lot of energy often powered by fossil fuels. what's better, it's extracting it from bright water that's mixed with minerals to day. the last just process is to put a these brang well that in ready shuttle bones which are extremely large, let's say the 1000 times a football stadium. brian mines used thousands of leaders of water for one ton of lithium into a lithium mining is already led to water shortages in the area and diverted water from local communities. the mines can also cause soil degradation and disrupt local eco system. and then there's the whole problem of what happens to the batteries after we're done with them. although the lithium itself can be reused, lithium, batteries, deteriorate, and most of them land in the trash. one obvious solution is to create infrastructure to recycle lithium batteries. that's what happened with lead batteries due to government regulation. 99 percent of lead batteries in the us are

recycled? recycling with families entirely new technology. but it's catching up. lithium ion battery recycling is expected to increase to $420.00 killer tons per year by 2030 up from the current 50 killer tons per year. better. lithium batteries are also on the wet cobalt which is mine and very problematic conditions could be replaced with nickel menu square iron, or the graphite in the battery could be swapped for graphed, seen. it's made by taking the layer of graphite just like this, and making it progressively spinner and thinner until it turns into a single layer of carbon atoms. graphing is the strongest material ever discovered and more conductive in graphite. you can also make the inside of the battery solid instead of liquid to make it less likely to explode. most of this is still in the lab, but these advances could make the battery safer, longer lasting, and store more energy, which could also make them more attractive for storing large amounts of renewable energy on

a grid scale. so it certainly doesn't look like our addiction to lithium is going away any time soon because lithium dominates the battery worlds and for good reason, [000:00:00;00] the ones that thailand is notice that the rock is one of the country's most affected by climate change worldwide temperatures of either 50 degrees celsius are becoming more common, making people sick or the who's seen is on his way to the local well, around him. signs of climate change are everywhere. okay. there's no water. the well is dry. he tells his son. so this used to be a racks most fertile region, but the country has suffered

a severe drought for years in a row of the 60 families in the village, 40 of left ali hussein's family is one of the few sto here. that's it because in the bottom of just 4 years ago, we funded the land here. but trout has turned our land into the desert. we had to give up, tied up without farming. there was no income. his 5 children face an uncertain future. the ground water here is salty. iraq is less and less fresh water in the countryside and in the cities. climate change is to blame, as are the water policies of neighboring iran and turkey. the 2 countries have built a numerous dams leaving too little water for a rock down stream, and that's on their skin. a 2000. no, it's very painful. sometimes they're close to stick to the wings, which makes it even worse. so rising temperatures are also contributing to the spread of disease,

like least when i assess transmitted by sam slot is tight. i thought i need something high and being 2nd to transmit to the infection, which causes fever. it's happened a lot here in the region. ali who's seen and his daughter is newer and sondra our lucky be a rocky red crescent has come to their village, nor is hands are terribly h e sandra often finds it hard to walk because of the pain. she has to be sure by nice as an insidious disease. it affects the skin, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. the edge i ever see tested today was a high, high dollar. how came here on the left, john and his team are seeing more and more cases like this. they want to raise awareness. medical help is expensive and the newest hospital is 50 kilometers away . the rocky red crescent, regularly travels across the country, visiting villages, q and a boo boo. i shed the people are a little better off. the village community has dug

a well. she needs to though the ground water contains too much salt. and so for a question that this facility has changed their lives, it supplies the village and neighboring villages with clean water. 2000 meters per hour are the sale unaided and to meet fit to drink tighter how to him and his team have distributed over 60 water tanks and the region. a helpful on the facility is a lifetime for people here to read. christian technical partners are working to build a series of facilities to alleviate the water shortage, which if off of then what? so every week they check the salt content every week. they have to change the filters. there's no alternative the village needs more than one facility like this. many surrounding village is separate from a lack of drinking water and water for dish washing and showering care on the oldest to him, i last saw living with climate change. awareness is important for children to,

to hide on how to him and his team talk about infectious diseases and show them how to wash their hands properly. that can save lives on it. well, so far they're open no debts, but we're seeing that the lack of drinking water, drought, and dessert if occasion are causing a rise and skin diseases and to poisoning you're done with all of i did them some other code. now how do you know i'm about to do you have to unlock the some of the to just add them to for them outside of head show, according to the un here. rock is the 5th most vulnerable country, the climate breakdown. it also has a rapidly growing population. in that case, a perfect example that we need to reinforce our systems to cope. we've been devastating consequences of climate change on our health. so the show system settled with the over to well and with the climate change. that would be totally co ops if we don't know the preferred been better in the if we don't send finance of resources. ali who's saying would like to stay here with his family,

but the conditions are getting increasingly difficult. private and my husband, the school for michael, how the water you can see he was brought to us by car 1000 leaders every week for us in our animals. that's not enough because mike ali hussein's family could soon become climate refugees in their own country, like one and a half 1000000 people in iraq the the pollution resulting from blending oil, gas and cold kills 5000000 people. yeah, that's more than a visa to malaria or alcohol binding fossil fuels produces toxic particles, tiny enough to enter the lungs. this particular message is among the main causes of strokes,

cancer and diabetes. it's time for james for pedro amount to a rebate. daily activities like climbing stairs pose a big challenge. i have a lung disease i'm suffering, i struggle to breathe properly, to wherever the 74 year old retiree is one of hundreds of thousands of people in lima suffering from respiratory diseases ranging from acute infections to long and heart complaints. city authorities say hundreds of people die every year as a result of respiratory disease. the peruvian capital has a big health problem. pedro met a rebate, has a weekly check up at a hospital,

the care and medication he receives here as an approved his quality of life. move in the very good. what are you doing perfect by protestant and now please remove your mask. i think one more of them been, we have many patients like pedro mazda and rebates, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which c o p d, those here you and other hospitals in lima, there's something in the castle east. and what's interesting is that many of them have never smoked. we'll see they're only very little. yes, i mean the disease is similar. does that sound in other countries among heavy smokers and that is what it goes. we believe it is linked to environmental pollution. so, so that conclusion borne out in many studies, i mean, let me think, i'm still just pulling up the serial number here that lima has more than 10000000 residents. air pollution levels are high mainly from traffic in industry, the in 2022,

lima record. the 2nd highest levels of particulate matter pollution in latin america . after santiago did chilly, but experts say air quality measurements in lima are inadequate. now the situation is likely far worse than previously thoughts. peruvian company kyra is looking for solutions. it is developed low cost measuring devices and a digital tool aimed at making information on air pollution and lima accessible to all the success. i'm also wondering if we zoom in on lima. we look at the information that's publicly available in the surveillance network. the green is good, yellow, montrose, and orange, and red badge. a whole lot. the most critical value is $2.00, which means particulate matter of $2.00 micro i'm it has nothing on. those are the finest particles, the very small ones, the end to the rest spirits retracts from it and then penetrate the human body some

into the blood stream. on both of those, again, using this data. so the authorities have taken steps, reduce emissions, and heavily affected areas. some parts of the storage center are now close to vehicles but more needs to be done because this environmental activists have spent years re forcing the hills around lima to the pacific ocean on one side and the mountains on the other are the capitals only natural borders vegetation here traps, dust particles and suspended matter helping to improve air quality. they have also installed a network of fod catchers. these collect water from the regions dense winter fog. oh, this is crystal clear water? yes,

i was not even more than we diverted into collection points like this one here. hold on and use it for drip irrigation. lima is green, long has been subject to deforestation for more than 400 years. new settlements in industries continue to be constructed on the outskirts of the city. the long term systematic deforestation has had a negative impact on the cities health. local reforestation work as held kirby erosion. but it's not enough for an experts. a far wider scale effort is required since they do need to prove produce is less than 0.08 percent of globalization sold enough. and so if one day lima were to no longer made many gas or pollutants, the plan would still be polluted. democrats here on the we alone, no non stop pollution or climate change for a 2nd, we will be the ones who suffer your from give you much. i a bit of his homework and

most of it with him with his doctors help pedro mont rebate as managed to reduce them of his pain. the to now enjoy a short walk around his neighborhood and some independence. now more than ever, there was an urgent need to reduce emissions and improve air quality in lima. and across the world, the stain balanced, positioning the arrow, and drawing the boat at full gallop, i suppose to relinquish his control to her horse. spade. she knows exactly what he's doing and that let's or concentrate on her stance and taking the most indeed,

i only take my hands off the horse to buy trust and completely. that's the most important thing. this trust has had time to evolve. how he 1st met spade when he was to and she was 7 since then the to have been inseparable. growing up in the country side of northern japan and i am william prefecture to share a passion for you. i will send me japanese mounted archery centuries ago. yeah. booth. and it was thought to be good practice for the battle field. but her gelding spade is far too peace. loving for that one. okay, so you'd probably run away from the enemy. picking the smith, the foot, archery is no longer an art of war. and the ritual and ceremonial aspects of your boost to me aren't taken all that seriously anymore either was normal day. that's

a really huge starts. you have it's been ages since i've seen any that size of 50 percent. ok. here in rude japan. it was to me is experiencing a revival as a leisure support. women like all you would say in their early twenties are reinterpreting a centuries old tradition. the nation, not that high, high points you might look at me in this direction. so all that's right, just like that. so you have to stay flexible when trainer, are you coming more? a started out. 15 years ago, mounted archery was still a male domain. on the saturday, i'm assuming that i had to put up with a lot back. then they told me women had no business being here. just say a guy off with the obvious. i'm in the sort of the even side and i don't want to even hear the word jefferson

a coming out of your mouth. got you all the time. it difficult about just stuck with nice. you can, you, i to the mountain archery might have died out in japan if it weren't for these young women's, a to z. as in japan has an aging dwindling population. young people are drawn to the cities, always lose his passion for your boots, and that is what keeps her in the countryside of the the bus. suppose the other, some of those great that more people are becoming interested in. yep. losing it again. the more was the something about them, but it seems like it has less appeal for boys. when you for the party equal to the optimal, it will probably soon be an all female support. uh, other than one level cutting that's up. i don't know if it comes with a lot of it's given. the family has always

supported her passion. she's been winning competition since 10th grade. does her mother is selling the garment for her next event from chemo know fabric. i always to say wants to dazzle at the tournament the which one do you want? when are the most guess coming? will give you a sunday. so then this one's for sunday, they're able to get used to that. i'm gonna have a seat on the main looks aren't my style. pink is out of the question. so many of our small town of toyota has boldly proclaimed the tournament to be the world championship. somewhat wishful thinking on the part of the organizers gets from abroad. rarely make their way here. but for iris, who say such computations are crucial for the sports future. if you have wisdom is to survive,

it has to look good. so looking at the hicks and you could come up today, the archers used to pick themselves read before they went into battle, the created and men with the next. why do the same now in this cause we had the, the competition is almost exclusively female. the rules requires 3 shots at full gallop. the archers have just fractions of the 2nd, the aim, the show that's exhausting. the move them. it's not over for you yet. there's still

another round. it sounds or this one of the terms of your boost to me is that it's a sports that's open to everyone to take on your medical women and men of all ages . you come on assuming they're brave enough to attend the wild rise and ready to compete against the very best. the is an honor that once again goes to ice listing the would you like move insights and solutions from around the world? if you want to meet the people fight, takes climate change, visit us on facebook. if you want the story behind the headlines, follow us on instagram. and if you want green life text checkouts or take token

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