as you have you, as a one does not do leave is of course the boss and unexpected side to side the they were the last of their kind notion on 5 to 2 female northern white brightness. when they died, their species will die with something. but might modern reproductive medicines save them from extinction? international team of scientists believes it could all this and more on this edition dw science show. welcome to tomorrow, today, the way that this for a long time, all the work we put in now has a, has a real sense and can make a difference in for the species. so then the host is part of an international team

that's trying to risk you with the northern wide rhino. and for that they need you to take a detour of a close relative the southern wide, right? know, and that's know, raising high hopes we achieved the 1st successful emerald transfer in the rental for us ever. and that's quite the. yeah. and know the big steps for us to the right . no baby unfortunately won't be born, but we'll get to that. so this pair of northern white rhino cows are the only 2 left on the planet, and they are protected around the clock. i'm like the southern relatives, northern white drain. those ones roamed parts of central africa. but to poaching and say the war has had a devastating impact and now the species is extinct and the wild, and that's less than equal logic hook up. then other right ramos is the keystone species in central africa or as was until they've got eliminated from its natural habitat. it keeps open spaces of short grass,

but other spaces can feed on. they some species are struggled with longer growth. and also by creating these uh, short grass areas or zones, they contribute to having fire protections. ecosystems are extremely complex and i think only when animals for species disappear from them, we understand how interlinks everything was. only a handful of northern wide rhinos have ever survived a captivity for it and is in the czech republic to help these 2 vinyl couplets breed. they were brought to kenya and 2009, where they could grace on the native grasses in their native climate. but those hopes were dashed, no rhino babies, rebel, and both bulls died, leaving behind the 2 females as the last chance for the species. how could that work? part of the answer lies frozen in these containers at the lightning institute for zoo and wildlife research in berlin. together was sales for more than $300.00 other species. here we also start seeing samples of november trials and

ambrose of november trials. we split them between italy and germany to have a back up in case some catastrophic event happens. at least one bank safe, 30 northern wide rhino embryos, cardinal slandering, and the cold. scientists had harvested seamen from several rhino boots before they died. every few weeks, the scientists harvest excels from one of the 2 females, rhinos of the x. r. then sloane directly to the left, and it's really where this firm and the egg meet, end develop into an embryo that's frozen for the future. this entire process is also being carried out with one of the close relatives this southern wide, right. know very population is quite a bit larger, so they're good test case for the rhino embryo transfer. the entire process had to

be reconfigured for rhinos to the point of even inventing new tools. right? those are so large, there's going to so sick that the only way to reach the uterus it turns out is through the rectum. we have to go one into half me through inside of the animal and bring a needle next to the wall of the rectum, into the uterus, and then deposit our ambros inside of the uterus. as far as i know, no, no other amber transfer has ever been done. this way. it's a long journey until an embryo reaches original uterus. in the most recent transfer to southern wide right, new excels came from belgium, and the spring from austria, the virtualization took place in italy. the embryo was frozen and sent to kenya to be implemented into the surrogate mother correct. unfortunately, cora fell ill and died during the pregnancy, but for the 1st time ever, it transferred reino embryo had grown into

a fetus. so when, when we saw the fetus, it was really a perfect little creature. it looks already like a rhino. you can see the base of the hall and you can see the rips count the rips through the skin. you could clearly see it's a male subpoenas. at this stage, actually 99 percent of the pregnancy is continued to last breath. so it, all it had to do is pause to grow for the inside of the lump of this moment unless she died, which unfortunately happens. but the scientists had shown that the idea was viable to move out forward, especially to save the and all the right. right. no, this is the crucial prerequisites that we can really with the ambrose we created. we can go to the next step and create new life from them. there's another problem. so the semen and x elves come from only 3 northern wide right?

knows. that's why scientists and germany and japan, i experimenting with themselves to bring more variety into the gene pool. the methods we develop are extremely important for the future of many species. i think, for example, also there's too much room right now that we have been calls now to work with. and we are already starting to apply our technologies to this species as well. the plan codes for transferring the 1st northern wide dry new embryo in summer 2024. if all goes well about 16 months later, a baby will take its place alongside the 2 northern wide reino cows. because to grow up as a prep, a north and white dry know the baby needs to be part of a ride new class. as these days, most rhinos live in fenced in nature reserves where they are protected from

poachers who are mainly interested in the rhinos. horns and traditional chinese medicine, powdered rhino horn, is a sought after ingredient. in reality though, the horns are made of carrots on the very same substance that makes up human hair. but what about the horns of other animals? that's the topic of this week's view were questioning, which comes from sophia are in columbia. the why do the horns of large herbivores come in so many shapes and sizes? first of all, not every animal with fancy head gear has horns. dear and their relatives have antlers, which are made entirely of dead bone. they're shut up in here and then re drove cohens by contrast, throughout an animal's life. the rhino family has one kind of or made own the super

hard keratin. ringback devoted family has a different kind of horn, dove, it's includes goats sheets, and antelope and their horns share a common features. the core is made of living bone interlaced with blood vessels, all covered with a tough coating of keratin. it's the same substance that makes up our own hair and fingernails. the shape of the horn is believed to play a role in the regulation of body temperature, especially as a heat sensitive brain. as scientists have documented on and for read thermal images. the top of the head on callas, with horns stays cooler than in cattle whose horns were removed. in more temperate regions, capital horns tend to be shorter and lightly curved and covered with a thick layer of carrots and of the in the traffic. so kettle tend to have big, sweeping horns there,

large surface area can dissipate excess bodies without water loss. the same holds for the upright horns, commented gazelles, and many other antelope. their horns are covered by a fin, carrot and cheese, and have a cooling network of blood vessels that extend to the very chips. it's not a patient that isn't well suited to the cold weather captain. susan, cooler climates, antelope from africa can even get frostbite on the tips of their horns. why do you have a science question? send it to us in a video text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. so come on. just ask these ibex may be needed to the helps, but surprisingly enough,

they enjoyed basking and warmer temperatures. during a mild winter, more young i back survive. and alpine ibex. don't need all that much surface water either. so from their point of view, the impact of climate change and this without isn't necessarily a bad thing. it's 4 30 in the morning here and this without gain keeper was do stuff is hiking to the rock face of the stone mountain. the t most, it's always a special encounter. it's like a glimpse of another world. when you get close to these animals, the fisher stovall, that's also what makes the alpine ibex so fascinating. the who is this now has been

observing the wild ibex a species of milestone here for nearly 30 years. that's now those are all mature bucks. they live in separate grooves outside of the meeting season. of course we do something to prove that they all alpine ibex are adapted to the extreme conditions here and can go long periods without water type ibex, don't really need to drink. otherwise, the die of thirst and the outstanding region where there's hardly any surface water that's off because of the water they get from plants and from the morning do as all they need from the last that it was. i'll take a short time later hand calendars, a group of about 30 in juvenile and but your box the previous winter here was mild . that's good for the ibex, which live above the tree line side of the of the deal for they me, they all find ibex benefit from that. so just really stuck winters are one of the most crucial, mostly difficult times of the year for them stay on a half

a year all winter, even in january, february, and march. when it's minus 20 or 30 degrees celsius of ice and be in the wind blast over the mountain tops with a 100 kilometers an hour. so conditions are harsh, is sending the milder the winter at the lower their death rate. so the animals benefit today that they are all good the only bags are especially interested in the dog luna, to get a better estimate of the size of the population. the gamekeeper also looks for the dough with their kids. they're harder to find because they tend to seek the safety of rugged and accessible terrain. there's a show down there, a middle aged, go to look. there's some more. you haven't gone, but it'll be where they know who you're going to small. they are not. they're not all that old yet. there's a 3rd one and a force field. that's

great. that's really lovely. the presence of young ibex is also a good sign. a. lindsey may only have this when a herd has a lot of yearly subs assigned that last year's kids survived the winter and no one after the mild winter. many of the kids survive level a thing and it's always great when you see the go with their younger you see machine especially up close like this yet on the of the nice the style that doesn't happen every day. there's all the big la. on his way back down there is a surprise in store. this funk is 15 years old, which makes i'm the oldest ibex and the time region. we think they called in the holly as part of our heard management. we also hunt the animals to maintain a certain colony size based on the city when the winter death rate, as low more young animals survive. so we raise our kill quote, a bad that lets us maintain the population that the size that we want need will

help out. the the 100 insures, if the population doesn't grow too large, the herds have enough food and don't need to compete with shelby for resources here on the remote and rugged mountain top. the alpine ibex or thriving mad about fines bounced technology. that's like dw signs is now on take talk. what do fun? why do gravitational the way that that is when did people begin getting high and laughing gas out? the drums boogie to the beads. and what's the perfect kid football find? find the on says, gets most dw science own new tick tock channel. the bulls were ones, the most widely spread predator in the world. the skilful hunters ranged over much

of the northern hemisphere. then humans hunted them nearly to extinction. in the 1990 suppose were granted protected status across europe, and their numbers have been rising steadily ever since. researchers have been documenting their return today about 180 wolf packs, broom across germany. much to the dismay of many farmers and shepherds. last year was killed molten, $4000.00 farm animals and gemini, to be as tins flocks of being attacked. twice already, wolves killed 70 of his sheep and a few goats and several more sheep packed to be snorted afterwards, due to injuries. tim likes wolves, but he says enough is enough enough inside for him generally in favor of the cooling problem, manama is meaning moves that have managed to get past are safety sensor several time, much involving these electric fences were no match for the woods. for the shepherd,

the presence of wolf packs near his home is no longer an option to this one. let's say where you write a kid from this region. a 150 years ago. volumes because of exactly this problem. beautiful. it didn't work your car work. the way they imagined it would and in a heavily populated region like growth, ryan was failure on the and here to re introducing goals, it's a very, very difficult. i'll even say it's impossible in many areas. so gone is going okay here in gemini, several different states agencies and hundreds of x, but some monitoring the rules forest isn't volunteer experts and samples of will firing down to the sink and back institute may of frank fence. every sample is analyzed. kathleen, the goal is to establish a genetic data base of every will fin gemini maintained here at the institute. i'm going to have this up. i know here in germany we have almost 3700 separate wolf profiles. it with the boys. they're all stored in our electronic database and we send in the information also includes which folds are related to each other. what

it would pack they belong to dr. when so when the sample was taken and so forth, i, then you can either just, every time we get a new genetic profile in our database law that both gets its own. i d, 's i believe i g w, your genetic, the whole number, you know, math. so we maintain a consecutive list of, of those numbers for this and then combine the 4th law from the new model. when a foam animal is mold a song, police taken from the wound and compared to the data base when the genetic match, and it's clear that the livestock was killed by a wolf, the farmer can receive compensation from the states. and if the same wolf is determined to have carried out several different attacks, the former can apply to half the wolf cold, even though it says strictly protected species. this kind of upset can take a long time, sometimes even years. and by then we'll pack might already have up to new comes so it doesn't really work. and yet so nice. the regulations for protecting hubs of

sheep and goats. a very strict and complex to complex. some critics say, a biologist, and also a hunch, the tip fun and steal, says the bad on kidding rules shouldn't be absolute rules, so no longer at risk of extinction. he says that even if the rules and loosened the species went beyond districts with adults are boys, are hoops here in germany, are part of a wolf population that spans much of europe for probably northern your asia, as well as it's informed. they've never been at risk of extinction gets in the past or now. so there's no sensible reason to band hunting wolves in coordinated voice. mail regularly have to be all, but frank fuss believes will still need to be strictly protected. and they posed little danger to humans in order. if you rep, i mean 9 people have died. since wolves returned most of them from rabies, then ruins about when you're looking at the past 70 years in this very large geographical area, meaning all of europe. it's safe to say that the statistical probability of

a wolf attacking the human and for any reason on all is very low. so there are a number of series, why that is the case or the c. and one is that what was might regard us humans as a kind of credit target as for, to solve something best left alone, some of these in willis. so when it comes to rules, conservationists and farmers them to a way, see i to i here in germany and elsewhere in the wild dogs are closely related to wolves for more than 15000 years now. they've been our faithful friends and they have a very special skills, an amazing sense of smell. that's why, especially trained dogs health search for survivors when disaster. yes. but those missions are dangerous for the dogs too. so good high tech, a i robot one day replace our k 9 friends when it comes to search and rescue operations, which knows those best. my low says no. he's being

trained as a rescue dog to identify since follow their treat l and report to find the sense samples include human blood and burial shrouds. the team hides the samples. now it's my lowest turn. he still has plenty to learn about how to carry out search and rescue operations for the man said, i typed in the r valley, the flood water rushed through and left mountains of rebel and its weight bag. and the chance of finding survivors wasn't all that high unfortunately. oh, so that's when our dogs would come in. that's come. but dogs have to be highly skilled to work in a crisis. own milo isn't quite there yet. rough terrain, steep hills and distracting odors. all make searching for traces of evidence near the water, especially challenging under water searches are also difficult. dining robots and underwater drones take

a long time to completely search an area. trained dogs can narrow down where to search. team leader yano. so josh is preparing a lower. the pipe is filled with burial shrouds and heavy rocks. the training session will take place that the link and the black forest. now the lower will be submerged. we're planting a note or for the dogs to find later on. it's nice and deep below us here owns a trained dog can detect a sent up to 20 meters under water. even some are jones doesn't know exactly where the lower is is has to be the handle or shouldn't know where the lower is. because if they show even the slightest sign or expectation, the dog notices right away for often. when do i take sugar? now it's time to hop on board. milo is only allowed to bar when the boat is directly above the odor particles. but this isn't the right

spot, there is nothing here. my lowest anxious and over eager, the villains, we haven't been out on a boat often so he doesn't have to signal down yet. random barking won't pass muster. my load needs to be more precise. he failed this training exercise, but he'll be given another chance. robots, on the other hand, don't get stressed or anxious. once they've been programmed, they do is they've been told. the european japanese cursor project has designed robots to search for certain libraries in a disaster zone. they are older sensors can locate people trapped under the rubble of the collapse building. for example, could robots like this replace search and rescue dogs? yeah, and those young, she doesn't think so. he and his dog venga were also called to the r valley in

western germany. after the catastrophic flood there a few years ago and then the whole but a robot is like you have to pick it up and bring it to the right place. it needs a technical equipment, batteries, and things like that. the oro valley flood is a good example. a search there would have taken much, much longer with a robotic than a dog one driving lockwitzer. the dog can detect his son from quite a distance ultimatum and then go to the right place and pinpoint where it's coming from quite quick lane, the highest. also fighting the onset until santas a fast, because highly trained dogs, nose is still superior to a mechanical one. dogs have up to 300000000 all factory receptors and can smell human sweat, hormones, blood, and even people's breath, an incredibly tiny amount. my low isn't quite there yet. right now. he's learning how to beat, hoisted up with a rope and keep his cool. he also has to get used to noisy helicopters and

flying to a disaster science. the lesson plan includes every possible scenario he might encounter on the job. now it's time for his 2nd try at the lake. a search mission underwater is one of the toughest jobs of rescue can face. it's essentially now i have to keep a sharp eye on any changes in his behavior. some are a jones, his job is to interpret my low signals. she's convinced he has what it takes up. so now he's signaling straight ahead of it and we're right over the spot with the older. with the older lawyer, he's indicating the correct spot. vega or that type of dispute about bingo. milo barks to report the center. the searching was good, right? you stick your nose all the way down close to the water. good job. the milo has shown you have what it takes to have the my daughter for. it's my low did a great job today. i believe was

a lot calmer before he got on the boat and on the boat to boat off and we are going to be. he's made some real progress and fort hood. so let's infinity, a patient's training and a strong bond between dog and handler. make all the difference h my comes in and i really like his loyalty is very focused on me. that's nice because it makes the job easier and it helps them and our bond. that'd be 2nd stand . i love his lively personality and kind of 2nd story. so when it comes to search and rescue missions, a dog and a human handler are still an unbeatable team. dogs are fast, precise resorts full and tenacious, and don't need electricity for internet access. robots are also getting more and more sophisticated, but there's still a long way to go before a robot knows consult smith, a canine line. that's all for now. thanks for watching tomorrow today. and to join us again next week for another

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