on the north of ocean consultation on the day or the last of their kind lodging and 5 to 2 female northern white fry knows when they die, their species will die with something. but might modern reproductive medicines save them from extinction? international team of scientists believes it could all this and more on this edition dw science show. welcome to tomorrow. today we awaited this for a long time. all the work we put in now has a, has a real sense and can make a difference in for the species. so then the host is part of an international team

that's trying to rescue with the northern wide rhino. and for that, they needed to take a detour of a close relative the southern wide. right. know and that's know, raising high hopes we achieve the 1st successful emerald transfer in the rental for us ever. and that's quite the. yeah. in all the big steps for us. the right no baby unfortunately won't be born, but we'll get to that. so this pair of northern wide right? no cows are the only 2 left on the planet, and they're protected around the clock. unlike the southern relatives, northern wide rhinos ones roamed parts of central africa, but to poaching and civil war have had a devastating impact. and now the species is extinct and the wild, and that's less than the ecological got. then other right ramos is a keystone species in central africa or was until they've got illuminated from its natural habitats. it keeps open spaces of short grass that other species can feed

on. they some species are struggled with longer growth. and also by creating these uh, short grass areas or zones, they contribute to having fire protections equal systems are extremely complex. and i think only when animals cross species disappear from them, we understand how into links everything was only a handful of northern way dry knows have ever survived kept to the fort and is in the czech republic to help these 2 vinyl couplets breed, they brought it to kenya in 2009, where they could grace on the native grasses in their native climate. but those hopes were dashed. no, right? no babies were born and both bulls died, leaving behind the 2 females as the last chimes for the species. how could they book, part of the answer lies frozen. these containers at the license institute for zoo and wildlife research in berlin together was sales for more than $300.00 other species. here we also start seeing samples of november trials

and ambrose of november trials. we split them between italy and germany to have a back up in case some catastrophic event happens. at least one bank saved. 30 northern wide, reino embryos cardinal, slumbering and cold. scientists had harvested seamen from several ride, no boots before they died. every few weeks, the scientists harvest excels from one of the 2 females, rhinos the, the x, r, then sloane directly to the left. and it's really where this firm and the egg meet, end develop into an embryo that's frozen for the future. this entire process is also being carried out with one of the close relatives, the southern wide, right. know that population is quite a bit larger. so they're a good test case for the rhino embryo transfer, the entire process had to be reconfigured for rhinos to the point of even inventing

new tools. right, and those are so large, there's going to sole fix that. the only way to reach the uterus it turns out is through the rectum. we have to go one into half me through inside of the animal, and bring a needle. next puncture the wall of the rectum into the uterus, and then deposit our ambros inside of the uterus. as far as i know, no, no other number of transfer has ever been done. this way. it's a long journey until an embryo reaches original uterus. in the most recent transfer, the southern wide, ryan new exiles came from belgium and the spring from austria, the virtualization took place in italy. the embryo was frozen and sent to kenya to be implemented into the surrogate mother correct. unfortunately, cora fell ill and died during the pregnancy, but for the 1st time ever, it transferred reino embryo had grown into

a fetus. so when, when we saw the fetus, it was really a perfect little creature. it looks already like a rhino. you can see the base of the hall and you can see the rips count the rips through the skin. you could clearly see it's a male. that subpoena is at this stage actually 99 percent of the pregnancy is continued to last breath. so it, all it had to do is pause to grow for the inside of the lump of this moment unless she died, which unfortunately happens. but the scientists had shown that the idea was viable to move out forward, especially to save the and all the right. right. no, this is the crucial prerequisites that we can really with the ambrose we created. we can go to the next step and create new life from them. there's another problem. so the semen and x elves come from only 3 northern wide right?

knows. that's why scientists in germany and japan, i experimenting with stem cells to bring more variety into the gene pool of the methods we develop are extremely important for the future of many species. i think, for example, also this too much, and i know that we have been calls now to work with. and we are already starting to apply our technologies to this species as well. the plan codes for transferring the 1st northern wide dry new embryo in summer 2024. if all goes well about 16 months later, a baby will take its place alongside the 2 northern wide reino cows. because to grow up as a prep, a north and white dry know the baby needs to be part of a rhino class. these days, most rhinos live in fenced in nature reserves where they're protected from poachers

who are mainly interested in the rhinos, horns and traditional chinese medicine, powdered rhino, or, and is a sought after ingredient. in reality though, the horns are made of carrots and the very same substance that mix up cuban hair. but what about the horns of other animals? that's the topic of this week's viewer questionnaire, which comes from sophia are in columbia. the why do the horns of large herbivores come in so many shapes and sizes? first of all, not every animal with fancy head gear has horns. dear and their relatives have antlers, which are made entirely of dead bone. there shut every year and then re drove coins by contrast throughout an animal's life. the rhino family has one kind of or made own the super hard carrots. ringback to go, big family has

a different kind of horn, which includes goats sheets, and antelope and their horn share a common features. the color is made of living bone interlaced with blood vessels, all covered with a tough coating of keratin. it's the same substance that makes up our own hair and fingernails. the shape of the horn is believe to play a role in the regulation of body temperature, especially in the heat sensitive brain. as scientists have documented on in for read thermal images. the top of the head on cows with horns stays cooler than in cattle whose horns were removed. in more temperate regions, capital horns tend to be shorter and lightly curved and covered with a thick layer of carrots and in the tropics. no kettle tend to have big, sweeping horns. their large surface area can dissipate excess bodies without water

loss. the same holds for the upright horns, commented gazelles, and many other antelopes. their horns are covered by a fin, carrots and cheese, and have a cooling network of blood vessels to extend to the very tips. it's not a patient that isn't well suited to the cold weather captain susan, cooler climates, antelope from africa can even get frostbite on the tips of their horns. let us read. why do you have a science question? send it to us in a video text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as it. thank you. so come on. just ask these ibex may be native to the helps,

but surprisingly enough they enjoyed basking and warmer temperatures. during a mild winter, more young i back survive and alpine ibex. don't need all that much surface water either. so from their point of view, the impact of climate change and this without, it isn't necessarily a bad thing. it's 4 30 in the morning here in the swiss out. game keeper was the dish now is hiking to the rock face of the stone mountain. the team of it's always a special encounter and it's like a glimpse of another world when you get close to these animals, the vicious thoughts also what makes the alpine ibex so fascinating. who is boucher has been observing the wild ibex. a species of wild

coat here for nearly 30 years. now those are all mature bucks. they live in separate grooves outside of their meeting season of course force me to sound and approve that they all. alpine ibex are adapted to the extreme conditions here and can go long periods without water type ibex, don't really need to drink. otherwise, the die of thirst and the outside region where there's hardly any surface water that's off because of the water they get from plants and from the morning do as all they need from. that also is i'll take a short time later he encounters a group of about 30 in juvenile and but your box the previous winter here was mild . that's good for the ibex, which live above the tree line side of the of the deal for they me, they all fine ibex benefit from the reading. star winters are one of the most crucial, mostly difficult times of the year for them. see, i'm

a half here all winter, even in january, february, and march, when it's minus 20 or 30 degrees celsius of ice and be in the wind blast over the mountain tops with a 100 kilometers an hour. so conditions are harsh, milder the winter at the lower their death rate. so the animals benefit today that they are all good. the only bags are especially interested in the dog luna, to get a better estimate of the size of the population. the gain keeper also looks for the dough with their kids. they're harder to find because they tend to seek the safety of rugged and accessible terrain. there's a whole down there, a middle aged, go to look, there's some more and if you haven't gone, but it'll be worthy enough for looking no small, they are not. they're not all that old yet. there's a 3rd one and a force field. that's

great. that's really lovely. the presence of young ibex is also a good sign, a lindsey mailing investment. a herd has a lot of yearly subs assigned that last year's kid survived the winter on the home after the mild winter, many of the kids survive level a for them. it's always great when you see the go with their younger you see machine especially up close like this yet on the interesting style. that doesn't happen every day. there's all the big la. on his way back down. there is a surprise in store this funk is 15 years old, which makes i'm the oldest ibex and the time region. we think they called in the holly as part of our herds management. we also hunt the animals to maintain a certain colony size based on the city when the winter death rate, as low more young animals survive. so we raise our kill quote, a bad that lets us maintain the population at the size that we want need will help

alter the 100 insures of the population doesn't grow too large. the herds have enough food and don't need to compete with shami for resources. here on the remote and rugged mountain top, the alpine ibex or thriving mad about fines bounced technology. that's like dw signs is now on take talk. what do be funny? why do gravitational ways that that is when did people begin getting high and laughing gas out? the drums boogie to the beads. and what's the perfect kid football find? find the on says, gets most c w science. oh, new tick, tock, channel. the rules were once the most widely spread predator in the world, the skilful hunters ranged over much of the northern hemisphere. then humans hunted

them nearly to extinction. in the 1990s walls were granted protected status across europe, and their numbers have been rising steadily. ever since, researchers have been documenting their return today about 180 wolf packs, broom across germany. much to the dismay of many farmers and shepherds. last year was killed, more than $4000.00 farm animals and gemini, to be, as tim flocks has been attacked. twice already, wolves killed 70 of his sheep and a few goats and several more sheet pot to be snorted afterwards, due to injuries. tim likes wolves, but he says enough is enough. it's been of inside for me definitely. and favorite cooling problem. animal meaning moves that have managed to get past or safety fence several times to move in. these electric fences were no match for the woods for the

shepherds, the presence of wolf packs, and that his home is no longer an option. this one will stay where you ride a kid from this region, a 150 years ago, volumes because of exactly this problem. beautiful. it didn't work or work the way they'd imagined it would. and in a heavily populated region like north ryan was fairly young. the and here to reintroducing goals. it's a very, very difficult to help and even say it's impossible in many areas of garnishment. ok here in gemini, several different states agencies and hundreds of x, but some monitoring the rules, foresters and volunteer experts. and the samples of will firing down to the sinking back institute and frank fence. every sample is analyzed. kathleen, the goal is to establish a genetic data base of every will fit gemini maintained here at the institute. and those hundreds of i know here in germany we have almost 3700 separate wolf profiles where the boys, they're all stored in our electronic database and we send it. and the information also includes which wolves are related to each other. what it would pack,

they belong to doc, a one. so when the sample was taken and so forth. and i'm going to use this just every time i get a new genetic profile in our database law that both gets its own. i d, the boys i g, w, were genetic knowles number, you know, math. so we maintain a consecutive list of, of those numbers for this and then combine a 4th law for the new model. when a foam animal is mold, assault police taken from the wound and compared to the data base when there's a genetic match, and it's clear that the livestock was killed by a wolf, the farmer can receive compensation from the states. and if the same wolf is determines to have carried out several different attacks, the former can apply to have to move cold, even though it says strictly protected species. this kind of upset can take a long time, sometimes even years and it's been by then we'll pack might already have that. so new comes so it doesn't really work. and yet so nice. the regulations for

protecting hubs of sheep and goats. a very strict and complex, too complex. some critics say, a file a just into also, hence the tip fun and steal the says the band on kidding moves shouldn't be absolute, rolled, so no longer at risk of extinction. and he says that even if the rules and loosened the species went beyond districts with a daughter, was pressed on her hoops here in germany are part of a wolf population that spans much of europe for probably northern your asia, as well as it's informed they've never been at risk of extinction gets in the past or now not to defend. so there's no sensible reason to ban hunting wolves in coordinated voice. mail regularly have to be are, but frank fuss believes will still need to be strictly protected. and they post little danger to humans in order. if you rep, i mean 9 people have died, since wolves returned most of them from rabies. then we'll talk about when you're looking at the past 70 years, in this very large geographical area, meaning all of europe. it's safe to say that the statistical probability of

a wolf attacking the human and for any reason on all is very low. it says there are a number of series. why that is the case or the c. and one is that what was might regard us humans as a kind of credit target as far as, as a whole, something best left alone. some of these in willis. so when it comes to rules, conservationists and foam is them to away see i to i here in germany and elsewhere in the wild dogs are closely related to wolves for more than 15000 years now. they've been our faithful friends and they have a very special skills, an amazing sense of smell. that's why, especially train dogs health search for survivors when disaster. yes. but those missions are dangerous for the dogs too. so good high tech, a i robot one day replace our k 9 friends. when it comes to search and rescue operations, which knows those best. milo says no,

he's being trained as a rescue dog to identify since follow their treat l and report to find the sense samples include human blood and burial shrouds. the team hides the samples. now it's my lowest turn. he still has plenty to learn about how to carry out search and rescue operations for the man said, i tried it in the r valley, the flood water rushed through and left the mountains of rebel and its way back. and the chance of finding survivors wasn't all that high unfortunately. oh, so that's when our dogs would come in. that's comes. but dogs have to be highly skilled to work in a crisis. own milo isn't quite there yet. rough terrain, steep hills and distracting odors. all make searching for traces of evidence near the water, especially challenging under water searches are also difficult. dining robots and underwater drones take

a long time to completely search an area. trained dogs can narrow down where to search. team leader yano. so josh is preparing a lower. the pipe is filled with burial shrouds, and heavy rocks. the training session will take place at the lake and the black forest. now the lawyer will be submerged. we're planting a note or for the dogs to find later on. it's nice and deep below us here who owns a trained dog can detect a sense of to 20 meters under water. even some are jones doesn't know exactly where the lower is. is has to be the handle or shouldn't know where the lower is. because if they show even the slightest sign or expectation, the dog notices right away for often when do but take sugar. now it's time to hop on board. milo is only allowed to bar when the boat is directly above the odor

particles. but this isn't the right spot, there is nothing here. my lowest anxious and over eager, the villains, we haven't been out on a boat often so he doesn't have to signal down yet, but random barking won't pass muster. my load needs to be more precise. he failed this training exercise, but he'll be given another chance. robots, on the other hand, don't get stressed or anxious. once they've been programmed, they do as they've been told. the european japanese cursor project has designed robots to search for certain libraries and a disaster zone. their odor sensors can locate people trapped under the rubble of a collapse building. for example, could robots like this replace search and rescue dogs? yellows? yes, she doesn't think so. he and his dog venga were also called to the r valley in western

germany after the catastrophic flood there a few years ago. little but a robot isn't as look, you have to pick it up and bring it to the right place. it needs technical equipment, batteries, and things like that. the oro valley flood is a good example. a search there would have taken much, much longer with a robotic than a dog wound talking about the dog can detect his son from quite a distance ultimatum and then go to the right place and pinpoint where it's coming from quite quick lane, the highest also fighting the onset into the scientists. that's because highly trained dogs, nose is still superior to a mechanical one. dogs have up to 300000000 all factory receptors and can smell human sweat, hormones, blood, and even people's breath, an incredibly tiny amount. milo isn't quite there yet. right now he's learning how to be wasted up with a rope and keep his cool. he also has to get used to noisy helicopters and

flying to a disaster science. the lesson plan includes every possible scenario he might encounter on the job. now it's time for his 2nd try at the link. a search commission on the water is one of the toughest jobs. the rest of the dog can face. it's essentially now i have to keep a sharp eye on any changes in his behavior. some are a jones, his job is to interpret my low signals. she's convinced he has what it takes up. so now he's signaling straight ahead of us and then we're right over the spot with the older. with the older lawyer, he's indicating the correct spot. vega, that's why fitness for thought. bingo milo barks to report the center. the searching was good, right? you stuck your nose all the way down close to the water. good job, definitely pointing out like milo has shown you have what it takes. yeah, the my, the other thoughts, my little did a great job today, i believe was

a lot calmer before he got on the boat and on the boat to boat off and we're going to be, he's made some real progress and fort hood. so let's infinity, the patient's training at a strong bond between dog and handler, make all the difference h my comes in and i really like his loyalty is very focused on me. that's nice because it makes the job easier and it helps them and our bond. that'd be 2nd stand . i love his lively personality connect. second story. so when it comes to search and rescue missions, a dog and a human handler are still an unbeatable team. dogs are fast, precise resorts full and tenacious, and don't need electricity or internet access. robots are also getting more and more sophisticated, but there's still a long way to go before a robot knows consult smith, a canine line. that's all for now. thanks for watching tomorrow today and to join us again next week for another

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