this is a resource, it just doesn't make sense for everyone to tap in the face sparkle. big laser shimmer, and shine diamonds are rich, regal, short for our way to make you feel like a queen, or at least the princess from wrappers to robbers and romantics, diamonds inspire and to rouse our emotion. when i saw his diamond fierce, i mean what makes the mistake cause this most mythical lift gems? the i don't actually own the diamond myself, but i've always been fascinated by them both as

a feet of nature and for what they represent. the diamonds are ingrained in our collective psyche as the ultimate symbol of love, status, and power. as carriers of curses, fuels of conflict and metaphors of resilience, humans have always been drawn to diamonds. but why? we're literally, we're wired to look for shiny and look for sparkling all living things that can see had been programmed to look for something shiny or looks or something sparkly because it means water and water is months and done is just sparkled best and they have so many stories to tell diamonds are seductive, divisive and essential to our modern economies. but what does their journey look like? and are they really forever to find out,

had to the world's 5th largest producer of diamonds, south africa, to one of its oldest and richest mines? the colon and diamond mine dates back to 1902. today it's the flagship assets of the mining company, petra diamonds, and to see 1st hand where diamonds originate. they're allowing me into the mine. after countless safety and security checks, i'm sued up and ready to go hundreds of meters underground. my heart is pounding as we start our descent. it takes a full 7 minutes to reach the bottom of the mine shaft. by the time diamonds get to where we combine them, they've come a long way formed mainly between one and over 3000000000 years ago. more than a 150 kilometers below the surface. their intense heat and pressure caused carbon atoms to crystallize. powerful eruptions later brought those crystals closer to earth surface, creating what's known as kimberly pipes. but not all types of the same. kind of

them in mind is very special. on like a normal volcanic, an option which is, is generally a cat, a cheat, the deeper you go, the more matter with gets the cutting and diamond mine consists of 3 different options in the same spot. so as the result, the pipe is a lot the the reason it's still producing after a 120 years in operations we've ever lived under ground. and if i expected it to be sparkling with diamonds, my 1st impressions of the block case or wind, noise, dirt, and darkness. gargantuan machinery is on the go down here 247. it's hard to believe i'm actually 839 meters below the surface of the earth, down at the bottom of the color and diamond mine shaft, and surrounded by an entire network of sheer kimberly walls. and who would imagine that? a diamond with all of its brilliance can actually originate from something as prosaic as this our time is limited,

so my gods show me around the dark maze of collection points and there's not a sparkling design. i'm still looking for a diamond in here. are you sure fit to get us but under the sun? okay. in all the time you've been here, you've never seen infiniti as i've seen one. wow, that's how we list. they are 30 carrots of diamonds per 100 tons of camber light. and a 5th of a grand per care that's only about 6 grams. and who said diamonds were rare, after extraction, the oars hoisted above ground for further crushing, washing and separation. the final step is the sourcing house where the days haul about 4000 carrots is divided by hand according to quality its painstaking work and evident here that clear white diamonds are few and far between and found. this line has another surprising distinction kind of is the premier sauce off type 2 gluten

and one of the more acceptable stones really competent recent times was the 29 cataract type to a boot. it sold for, for over $14000000.00 us dollars. and, and is the highest honors academy we've received for the type of offering price tag . indeed. but this line is most famous as the birthplace of the largest gym quality diamond ever found. it weighed in, that's $3106.00 carrots, which could fetch a dizzy in $5000000000.00 us dollars today. this is a picture from the day it was found an absolute sensation. so this is what the colon and diamond looked like in its natural raw state when it was 1st discovered back in 19 o 5. now this is of course just a replica of it imagined finding a diamond, this literally the size of your fist. and then on top of that, it happens to be of the finest gem quality. in the end, it was cut into 9 fantastic gems, and,

and many other smaller stones. and they've never found another one, like the largest of the color in diamonds. now have pride of place in the bridges crown jewels, one in the royal sceptre, and one in the imperial state. crown, indeed, it was royalty whose 1st course of diamonds is coveted. symbols of wealth and power . frances king louis the 14th was mad about them. and during his reign a most the most sumptuous collection in the west, his passion was fed by zoned up t v. an intrepid gen merchant and traveller who brought many exceptional stones back to the french court, sparking craze among the european powers became a capital of high jewelry. while and princes queens. even kings are rarely, without their diamonds to this day, the already in the 1st century, a deep sign, the elder rows of diamonds as the hardest and most precious of all stones. but they

were 1st discovered in india, where early descriptions date back to the 4th century b. c. prised for their brilliance and hardness. people thought they were created when lightning struck rock. and that they had magical properties. diamonds are distinctive as the only gemstone to consist of one single element, carbon, the same material as cold or press 9 to put a diamond, strongly bonded crystal structure and makes it the heart is natural material on earth. the word itself comes from the greek adam us, which means indestructible indian royalty for diamonds in their uncut form in jewelry or as protective talismans in battle. by the early 14th century diamonds were making their way to the major cities of europe, sparking the 1st coughing industries in venice and bruce. but it was in this port that dime, it's really to cold,

becoming an integral part of the city's dna. so i'm here and beautiful, and where of which is the world capital for diamonds, elizabeth places and learn about diamonds. here is it. the diva diamond museum. following this museum explores the colorful history of the world's most precious materials, gold, silver, and diamonds, showcasing centuries of diamond craftsmanship. and the dizzying fascination it has inspired from the science of diamond. cutting 2 are cultures of adornment. visitors can marvel at gemstones galore to rate her catherine who guides me through the highlights of antwerp, nearly 600 year heritage as the world's diamond capitol. the result of a complex convergence of trade in cultures that brought diamond experts and lasting wealth to antwerp. when trade routes from india were compromised by conflict, portuguese explorer advice go to gamma pioneer the 1st, the route around africa,

escape of good hope. giving antwerp a direct line to the world's only diamond source. he found a new route to india overseas and there was much safer and quicker. they went up once a year to go to the india run, the big ships mick fleet took with them amongst many other things, spices, textiles, also diamonds. went of course the 1st of these went to home, but then immediately to and to work because it was a big harbor and center of, of europe. and it was a safe space in the 15th century, a major innovation seals and trips reputation as the place to be for diamonds, the scale a polishing wheel, that revolutionize diamond, coughing, and vastly increased their popularity and troops local hero load of exxon back and is credited with his invention, and while historic evidence to this effect has been his legend present sales fun

back in was also allegedly jewish, and part of a community that was key to antwerp stymied success at a time when many countries restricted where jews could work their diamond expertise flourished in antwerp, jews were not allowed to enter gifts, but one of the professions that they could do was diamond cutting diamonds, trading. so that's what they did. and then the other thing is time is, are small. and you can take them with you very easily and put it in your pocket. you're gonna have a few millions in your pocket. and you can go somewhere else and use where, what haunted for many, for centuries. and so that was of this is they could take with them very well easily and then start over somewhere else. the historic connection between diamonds and the jewish people is still visible in antwerp. diamond districts were over 1700 companies for diamond exchanges. and diamond professionals from all over the world co exist in a tiny area, the square mile. more than 80 percent of the roles,

rough time, and still pass through here, making it one of the most tightly guarded places in the world. come to 1000 security cameras, make sure millions worth of precious cargo can change hands quickly and safely seen solar and secretive for decades. these microcosm in the center of antwerp has fascinated the film industry. diamonds and not just about money isn't now not as the perfect backdrop for crime thrillers. some even based on true events like the famous antwerp diamond ties, that's all feeds make off with over $100000000.00 worth of delivering loot. that to this day has never been found. the win supply in india. i began to dry up our cheese. no miners discovered diamonds in

brazil. then an oddly shiny pebble on a farm in south africa, a spark, the world's 1st diamond rush. so i had to africa's very 1st time in mind now in the city of kimberly, from 1871 to 1914, some 50000 miners toiled here under brutal conditions, digging 240 meters into the earth in search of the elusive stones. later, the defunct mind became known as the big hole. today, kimberly's big hole is a major tourist attraction. it's the deepest man made hole on the planet and a gray reminder of how the global diamond industry began. and it began largely, thanks to the beers, a company that controlled the production of most of the world's diamonds for over a century with a monopolist strategy that increased their value by making them artificially scarce . as one former term and observed psychology could do the rest

the screen. indeed, no one did more to anchor diamonds in public consciousness than to beers. after world wide diamond sail slumped during the depression of the 1930s, the company decided to whip up demand. we're better to do it than the united states were post for consumers and took off. the result was the most successful marketing slogan in history. a diamond is forever not only the queen to diamonds with romance, and determined love. it even told the young man how much they should spend 2 months the last forever and to be yours used popular culture to create a need for dime, a diamond this forever. the engagement ring was the anchor of what we were taught to believe and aspire to about diamonds. but they also did it by putting in movies they paid the studios for that. they paid them to put that

jewelry in and to use the word diamonds. the movie titles in the book, titles in song died, ad worked like a charm. if only 10 percent of american brides had diamond engagement rings in 1940 by 1990, that number skyrocketed to 80 percent the. but what about those blue stones? diamonds come in, full colors of the rainbow, often do to trace impurities. the element door on makes the diamond blue, while nitrogen makes it yellow, only one in 10000 diamonds has what's known as a fancy color, making them extremely rare. otherwise, the ideal diamond is colorless. the value of diamond is largely decided by the 4 seas apparent weight. how big it is, the color, the clarity, the cost of the diamond created in the 1940s. the force,

these are universal method for assessing the quality of a diamond. in addition to color clarity, carrot weight, and caught a g i. a grading report certifies for the diamond is genuine. certification came into focus in the ninety's when the term blood diamonds emerged to describe diamonds used to finance, brutal, civil wars emblematic of the crisis for countries like sierra leone and angola. an international outcry led to the establishment of a global certification scheme to regulate the rough diamond trade. but when hollywood brought the crisis to the big screen in blood diamond stirring jim on her own, so emily and under dicaprio, with the idea of diamonds as perpetuates of violence and suffering struck a numerous today. only 5 percent of rough diamonds come from ortiz, a little sources, but an industry built on the spoils of colonial exploitation, had to do more or to restore credibility for diamond heavy weights like to be yours

right down to smaller to re brands. ethical sourcing and providence became a new directive, but no system is water tight. today russia is the world's largest diamond exposure, and it's war in ukraine means. russian stones are, despite sanctions, the new conflict, diamonds, back to our 4 seas. and it's the cuts that brings out the magic, allowing a diamond to flaunt its fire. diamond cutting evolved over the centuries from simple polishing to cutting of facets to better reflect the night. today naser technology makes cutting easier and more precise. but the fine polishing is still done by highly skilled artisans. pulling over them is it is a master cutter in polish, or at royal cost or diamonds in amsterdam. we're diamond cutting has a long tradition. she's been in the business for 36 years and you can compare and diagnose, let's say, reese was worked, has grades so as to study the great,

so federal simons and you only see one of his rules. then i know how to get assessments on this. i really have to study these roof diamonds and then you put this on this. and the, such as will be there. only a diamond can cause a diamond. so putting a code source case in a mixture of oil and diamond dust, you can pull this yourself, you're getting really know, put your hands on the home there with it there. and then you will feel, so what a great found this case doing that you exactly how lena is doing her part to keep the sparkle on a dying profession? she's the creator of the tiniest polished brilliance in the world of faith that earned her a spots in the guinness book of world records. just a fraction of a carrot, i need a microscope to see it. it's yet another landmark for a company that made its mark by revamping a signature crowns. who will

a queen victoria, on the silent 1852, she had discovery nor diamonds, but it was very big, but not shiny and not sparkling enough. we sent to publisher from world coastal diamonds to book them about us. and within 2 and a half months we published as diamonds and also that she was really happy. she lost around $77.00 carrots. so that's a lot, and i can tell you, this is the most important diamond and work the in the world of diamonds go for a newer xerox top. it has seen the rise and fall of many empires. so it has passed to the hands of a local empress bushing show us, and we use of f gattis tens, hodges of been shop and then find it. and so in the british crown to, at this point, the british felt that if they could have the june up and did the quote he moved, they could have india. rena aaliyah is an award winning canadian artist and jewelry

designer. for years she's been captivated by a stone. she says is ingrained in the indian psychic queen or means mountain of light. originally from india, iran of ganesh, done, and pakistan has only planned to it ever since a 10 year old maharajah was forced to hand it over to queen victoria. i always wanted to bring the cooking doors because i felt there was no diamond in all for history. that m g actually it's so much it carry so much of a motion. so much of baggage, so much a beauty of the is of power and conquests. the fact that legendary diamonds liked the call he knew or were objects of such enduring desire, made things usually mysterious other exceptional stones like the french blue, which later became the famous hope diamond, were even said to be cursed, financial ruin soon, side, and even the headings plate, the hopes various owners,

before it was safely deposited in washington, slipped sodium for all to admire. the roll of diamonds, if a visual language shines through in the world of hip hop, where jewelry became its own kind of subculture diamonds needs a change as hip hop started to step into his power like closer to the ninety's. the diamonds, of course, being a more expensive commodity to use became known as a status symbol. so you know hip hop, joy has always been rooted in having something that no one else had in her book, ice cold, hip hop to re history. victory explores how jewelry much of it, diamond encrusted, became a proclamation of identity with diamond studded name place, pendants, rings, and drills. hip hop artist took austin patients to a new level even enriching our vocabulary. like new orleans, robert

b. g in 1999. about the term for flashy diamond studded jewels quickly went mainstream getting into the oxford english dictionary in 2003 today, the more the $90000000000.00 diamond industry is in constant flux. 90 percent of polishing now happens in india and lab growing diamonds are gaining in popularity as a vastly more affordable alternative. a welcome development for the fashion industry, but usually energy intensive, and with over 60 percent produced in india and china, their sustainability claims are still debatable. patrice for natural diamonds is still a solid one, with the cost of newer players reclaiming diamonds as a necessary part of african heritage. for design is like sierra leone born such on my tuesday and nigerian born cell in the west, diamonds can tell a different african story. i keep talking about books,

one of them because they are shining lights in the industry. i hope that they would be a wonderful template, you know, in terms of an african story where people actually empower from the natural resources that come from the brown. influence is like tracy allison, a k, a, the diamonds girl agree, actively sharing her extensive diamond knowledge and ethical sourcing advice. with over 1200000 followers on instagram as the world's 2nd largest producer, what's one it is africa's poster child for the positive societal impact. but diamonds can have diamonds account for 80 percent of exports and unique partnerships this time. and producers have made it a middle income country that provides free health care and education to all its citizens. back in johannesburg, more proof that diamonds are part of real change on the ground in africa is more leafy late seeking a 2nd generation master diamond culture. and the 1st black on site holder at the

beers piece, part of a select group that can purchase the beers, rough diamonds in bulk. i remember i mean stories of black people who saw that vehicle. they not even not allowed to to know how to cut in police diamonds, you know, and today to have somebody who's black and who's become insightful. there it goes to show how much change has happened over time. you know, and i think that's what makes me proud about it, it, it via the gives it a sense that trends formation is really happy with the notion of beneficiary ation or more industry volume for diamond. producing countries themselves is fundamental to empowering a growing community of african diamond professionals. back in antwerp, other players are countering the industries legacy with technology and new business models like h b and for which aims to revolutionize the diamond supply chain. using just one mine and bus one are they deal only in stone? they're 10 carrots or more so called industry specialists. by cutting out all the

middle men in the supply chain, we managed to create a upside of 40 percent on the diamonds that they're selling to the world through the government of atlanta. compared to the previous, often using block chain technology and its own closed loop system, h. b, antwerp can trace and log every step of the diamonds journey from mine to finger streamlining diamond processing means higher returns for the value chain and transparency for consumers in south africa, natural diamond support jobs and entire communities. and as petro diamonds, ecologist shows me also bio diversity and extensive restoration efforts from mining. we also have to work sustainably. so what i'm doing is to look at the natural capital, look at your ika system functions and look at ways to actually preserve

those functions. diamond's needs to show that it's not just taking but giving back as well. the hardest, most resistant material owners has incredible staying power. and as a finite resource, a diamonds, rarity is also being put into perspective. the contribution from in the diamonds is gonna, you know, impact the supply side of the equation. but i don't think that the ultimately going to be um, you know, a situation that puts the natural time industry out of business humans. since the beginning of time has have one or, you know, rare and processing diable, you know, natural gemstones and precious metal. so, i don't think that's going to change any time soon as a driver of change and culture through the ages. perhaps the diamonds mystique lies in the many contradictions that represents a stone that's clear tour, devoid of meaning, get invested with countless stories and emotional connections. as natural wonders enhanced,

a human scale. diamonds are like mirrors objects to which we attach our dreams and aspirations. prisons of possibility, with a view to forever the

20 years i suffered on bearable pain. my period long ways men's pain careless miss kim priscilla has in demetrius an affliction that affects many women. doctors often don't cheat the disease seriously. that needs to change. but how? breaking the silence over in demetrius in 30 minutes on the w. respect is own about a walk in waves and texting nature. and that's why sandra,

respecting they just studying aids, i think it's about being up to date with karen and tardy is technologies training for the e co way of life, the environment magazine, the co advocate in 19 minutes on d. w, the living independent, arise to society is full of contrasts and inequality is a big challenge. many problems can only be solved by working together. yes, i think i pretend as a new slaves and what is home. then they will not cause the roof over your head. you must have a place to restless in the refuge from the world. keys are the most important thing you can have him for. he has seen how do we tackle the major issues of all

time? let's talk about the, there is a significant risk of human extinction from advancing our systems and changes the new frontier of so from our series continues on since september 1st on the w the

. this is the, the, the news coming to line from berlin. us present. joe biden, gibson emotional farewell as he passes the torch of a democratic party to come to let her do really to tom please give him a standing ovation ahead of his speech sounding his and services achievements. you know, it's also coming up. israel says it supports a new 6 fire proposal ahead of for new talks in cairo. us as del, calling on him us to do the same, but it's.