and everything in between this is a video and audio production by d w. i hope that you will tune in the the, we are in the far north of mongolia. it's an icy and rugged region tucked away from the rest of the world. the climate here is extreme. temperatures can plunge to minus 45 degrees celsius in winter. this is the home land of the duca known as sandtown and mongolian there among the last nomadic people in the world to travel on reindeer away and shut up, or on their way to see their brother who lives high up in the mountains to reach him. they must cross this vast,

frozen lake. the this way is shorter the ice beneath them is continuously expanding and contracting over the course of the day. that makes making strange sounds. don't worry, the ice won't break if it's at least 3 fingers that are the reindeer board. accustomed to walking on snow, this crossing proves to be quite the challenge of the 2 men had been traversing the snow, covered mountains and passes for 2 days. now, their brother lives completely isolated in the heart of the tiger. he lives in this traditional 10 similar to a t p. luke is 30 years old. this is where he and his

families spend winters. his wife is named who loved and they have 3 children. gone out, it's 6 years old. his sister is lula, is 3. and the youngest child is one. luke and his family are no match in keeping with the traditional life style of a duca. they live in a tent without modern amenities. they use a stove for heating and cooking tears, or had the family cook eats and sleeps. and these 10 square meters, the lawn, shows us how they keep everything sorted more in the business,

the shelf where we store all our kitchen utensils is helpful. this is where we keep our flower. these are there are the children saddles and some blinking. if you missed here in the middle, we have more blanket time stuff and that's where we came across those and the mattresses. time slowing down and find out how we keep ourselves organized. saying that the duca r reindeer herders salute cares for 40 animals. the duka cultivate a special relationship to the reindeer. who luke and his family are among the last of the duka in mongolia, there are just 200 people still living this way largely removed from the modern world. their traditional way of life is being threatened is now more than ever. the paducah live in the far

north of the country right on the border of russia. this vast and remote region is notoriously difficult to access. the seclusion from the rest of the world has enabled us nomadic people to preserve their traditions. originally from the land of siberia, the duka follow the same customs their ancestors did centuries ago. in summer and winter, they venture across the tide, go with their herds, searching for the like and that sustains their animals. the duka are a small group to avoid marrying a blood relative. the young man are encouraged to look for a wife outside their own community. but in summer, duke and man and woman will be with remarkable occasion. and the 1st such wedding and many years prosper us with

a launch had become the parents to many children. but all their traditions are at risk of disappearing. and technology is making its way into the 10. 8 0 6 it's difficult to shut out all the temptations of the modern world. what do you have a 12 charger for a cell phone? and there's the issue of schooling. for the past 15 years, the mongolian state has required duka children to attend school from the age of 7. this law means families are separated for entire winters, almost at the opposite end of the step. a whole other great. this is the capital of mongolia. lun bottled with its bustling streets and modern buildings. the 19 year old my rhone is duca.

she left her family home to study here the even though i'm from the tiger, i can be successful. over the course of a year, we gained an inside look into the day to day lives of many, to cut families rare insights into the centuries old traditions and customs of an indigenous people in a world that's on the precipice of being lost the noon to reach the duka, we traveled more than 1000 kilometers across the stem. we drove for 3 days on treacherous trails. we journeyed over rivers and bridges that our driver was not always so keen to cross the weight to me. on the other side. the

for hours and hours we rode without encountering a single traveller. there were neither road signs nor telephone reception. the we cross one final bridge and then reach. so gotten, or the, this is the northern most village in mongolia. holmes are sprawled across the shore of this vast lake. about 1200 people lived here. it's the gateway to the world of the duca the

beyond. the village, the roads become even more difficult to navigate by car. we get out of our vehicle and venture forward on horseback. the mongolian riders help us scale the steep mountains and reach our destination. this valley at an altitude of 2000 meters is where the duca spend their summers. they live in tents and small groups. the camps are spread out across a few kilometers. the . each family has its own heard of reindeer. some 2000 animals are in the valley.

every summer. the duke of spend 4 months here. from june to september. this is a time to recuperate before the long winter at the foot mark saw an oil. shea well haven't anything but a quiet summer. their eldest daughter has told them she wants to get married the this morning. the parents are expecting a visitor. the best man of their potential son in law is coming to extend a formal proposal. the father, microsoft does not seem altogether enthused because you were waiting for the people who are asking for my daughter's hand in marriage. sevedino and your answer will be

shown to you at the groomsmen have arrived or shay the mother of the hopeful bride to be as inside the tent looking rather reserved to the best man as wearing a red deal, a traditional mongolian garment and he must present a blue scar symbolizing the a tunnel sky. if the father takes the scarf, it signals the marriage proposal has been formerly accepted. the best man stands up to start his speech. but in the very same moment, the parents of the hopeful bride get up to leap. i know how good morning to all those gathered here. the best man launches into a speech. thank you for being here. we will never be getting the ceremony of asking

for the right hand in marriage. he's so nervous that he doesn't realize her parents have left k is not here. tradition dictates that one's the best man has initiated the ceremony. he's not allowed to sit down again until it's concluded. where are they? the 15 minutes later, the parents are turn dressed in their finest garments, and they've been trying to send a message the most of the time you leave, just as i started out, i am going through. there's no hurry. let's say fast, do you think we stopped when i didn't come from you? i seem to give you the scar from exxon. it's a matter of pride and honor. i assure you that your daughter will be marrying

a man from a good family. agatha is trying to stall as long as possible. the longer he deflects the more clear it becomes just how cherished his daughter is to but have left with his wife through the father except the scar the nearby approved the marriage of my strong will. daughter to be the best man can finally breathe a sigh of relief and enjoy a glass of vodka. 8 for the men in the valley, the real work has only just begun a few days later. tomorrow. do you have

a pencil? here's, here's the everyone has gathered today to build furniture for the future newly weds. where'd you learn this yourself? yeah. sounds on our own. we do what seems right to us. the groom is also helping build. at 20 years old, he will be moving out of his family's 10th for the 1st time to say is not taking part of them preparations. she gave birth a month ago. it's common among do got to have a child before getting married. the child is living proof of their commitment and loving bought the

the wedding will take place in 2 weeks in accordance with the lunar calendar. the until then life in the valley continues a few kilometers from the 10s of the brides and grooms parents as the camp of bo g . she's 42 years old and was born in the tiger. o g has spend her whole life year. her days are guided by her religious traditions. every morning she makes tea for her family. while her children are still asleep, she performs a monic ritual. she offers the 1st t of the day to the spirits of the natural world. why is the nature in all its goodness, protect us, but humans and animals. that's what we say when we offer to you to the skies of,

of of animals. the duca believes spirits in habit nature and all living beings. they live in harmony alongside their reindeer animals. they especially cherish and just like done on who bodies, husband, they consider it a great privilege to care for them. the, the at the table is we who are born and raised and the tiger are the guardians of these mountains. and this beautiful nature reading here are we are in mongolia, raising them as the most beautiful thing in the world has the job. the not on who and bog care for 100 reindeer. some reindeer are said to even possess some magical powers and are forwarded certain privileges. this one,

whereas colorful ribbons around his neck and is the only reindeer allowed to enter the family 10th. he is there reindeer showman. this rain diary, se printing fast plus for it flips within him. the engine visibility protects the hood and who can take a from illness needs know and many other thing. well, stanley spirit lives inside the reindeer table wasn't tough. yes. this very said one of our intestines. well, she's 10 additional minutes help us choose. the rainy day, during the sherman's going to students to mt gives us the while. bo g is a close observer of duca traditions. she has also begun to incorporate some modern inventions into her life right decide their home. there's

a curious yellow tent with a make shift antenna. it is the family's telephone tent. 8 their. 9 body can call her eldest daughter, who lives in the village. hello, did you sleep well, did you want good? yes, fine. slow today, but she doesn't have much time to spare. she's taking part in the wedding preparations. let's get into the account of this for attendance as well. before after the wedding, we say one for the couple all the women in the valley gathered to take part. they brought out their old mechanical sewing machines for the occasion. machines from generations ago carefully maintained the visit working yes, but it makes

a noise. well, it probably sure go ahead running about i'm now a bit more but not too much. we bought 100 meters to do for you. i hope that's enough. the women need to work quickly because the wedding ceremony will take place in the very tent they're selling. that is if the reindeer leaves them enough material. the 6 days later, the wedding day has finally arrived. the bride and groom and their wedding party ride over on the white horses. white is a lucky color that symbolizes the purity of their union. the couple is dressed all in purple. they're expecting $100.00 guests at their wedding.

the can i forget them? before entering the tent, the bride and groom must circle it 3 times, distributing reindeer milk, all the while. and this ensures their prosperity and abundance that, that that was 3 times. that's enough. inside the guests sit on the floor to eat and drink. the parents are seated at a special table arranged for the occasion in the back, the most sacred part of the 10th the young couple hardly utter a word. they are feeling shy and emotional. the father of the groom gifts, the couple a leather lasso which should bring good luck to

use this last so to capture mount then antonio, 10 to event grove prosper us with a launch had become the parents to many children the the, the no man spend all summer in this high valley, where there's plenty of food for the reindeer. but when winter rolls around, everything changes for the do cap the . as soon as the 1st snow falls, the duca bring the reindeer further north into the mountains. there they can find the like in to nourish their hurts. we meet luke and his family again. they are

living here fully isolated in the middle of the woods. with their small children, far from emergency medical services, they'll spend 6 months in this remote wilderness, which they share with wolves and bears the, at the age of 6. and 3 donna and sula are already pitching in with the housework costa. hi, just when the snow melts becomes water. so you get a 2nd while i'm connecting it. can you hear me? do you want to try

5. yeah, that's great. i wouldn't be able to carry that. the children have divided up a choice. gonna does the heavy lifting and zoo last starts to prepare the t. yeah. the snow is no there. for luke and long slaughter, only one or 2 reindeer every year to week. they don't breed them to eat them, but they do drink their milk and large quantities of food. the 20 or milk is more nourishing, and then

a small meal for you. use the tub. tens of di lawn has named each one of the range here. hold on to us to use their all the same as you have, but to us each one is different. we should have ordered just like humans. they all have their own distinct characteristics. yes, i need 3 and i man this is literally reindeer. this one is mind in winter temperatures range between minus 10 and minus 45 degrees celsius. despite the extreme conditions for children spend the most of their time outdoors and they loved caring for the reindeer. yes. a man. i'm tying them up in the middle

of the tiger. there's a small wood. it's home to one of the most formidable members of the community. since 66 is 61 years old. as a showman, she's able to communicate with spirits. the name of the street is always green. that's why it's a sacred place. it's a sign that a powerful spirit lives in it. only as sherman may hang ribbons of honor on its branches. the duka people believe spirits exist in every being. since 66 facilitates a link between humans and the invisible world. she's one of the communities, 3 shannon's, the

people. i became a showman when i was 37 years old. would you tell him cause a spirit and this guy moved inside me. sometimes my feet high and i sense thing i every kid in chicago in summer she lives in attend and in winter she lives in this hot with her daughter who manages the household the duca. come to this hot to seek counsel from the shop and how he seems that people come to me with questions about how they, how they tell me when things are bad. how, what kind of all the colors to that? and once a month she must contact the spirits so they can relay their messages. if she fails to do so,

the spirits may seek retribution by attacking her for her family. tom, drawing my drum. this drum symbolizes a horse one that allows her to gallop through the spirit world. since exec needs to dawn, special garments the spirits will possess her body and see the world through her eyes. the best long coat is worn as protective armour. evil spirits could try to attack or even kill her on her journey. before every ceremony, her daughter burns juniper, the health and provide strength and cleanses everything.

the the showman summons the spirits falling deeper and deeper into a trance. she no longer feels pain. of the now has happened. the spirits have taken over her body. they convey their messages through send success. in an unknown language, she remains in the trance for 2 hours the

then suddenly everything steals. the showman is completely exhausted. the spirit has spoken to the info. that's all she says, the spirits have given her other messages, but she must deliver them personally to the recipients. the traditions define what it means to be duca. he wants everything to remain as it is

. he wants his son to live in freedom, but the duca are no longer living in isolation. the outside world is encroaching more and more the for around the past decade, the mongolian government has mandated that no matter the children attend school from the age of 7. next winter gone, i will move with his mother to got newer. the only village in the region that has a school so the family will be forced to separate. the law knows that her family's nomadic life will never be the same from now on. she will spend every winter in the village with her 3 children, far away from the tank of her husband and their reindeer. this is the dilemma facing the duka. in order to give their children the state mandated education,

they must sacrifice their traditional way of life. the located on the sweeping plains at the foot of the mountains as a wooden cabin built from tree trunks. outfitted with satellite dishes and solar panels, and a marker of luxury in this region and off road vehicle. this is the winter home, the full jeep, the woman who introduced us to her reindeer showman. her family's lifestyle in the winter months is quite different than what we saw in the summer. a magic in me. she lives here with her children. her husband spends the whole winter in the tiger looking after their reindeer. jim gay is nearly 13. she's been going to

school for 6 years. my pencil case. my compass. this is my english notebook. this is the old mongolian alphabet. overnight the temperature plummet. the family wakes up to find the diesel has frozen in the van shim gaze, brothers. try to warm it up with a blow torch. several hours of effort later, the van finally moves. but shim, gay will be very, very late to school. the, the van races over the step, bumping along the pass, the drive to the village where the school is located. takes over 3 hours.

it's 11 o'clock by the time sham. gay finally arrives. the school director is waiting for her you and you just got to you? yes. or you in but um has been the director of the school for 8 years. she is duka and was born and raised in the tiger. there are $550.00 students at the school in total 70 of home are duca. the there was instruction from elementary through high school. a stuffed reindeer was positioned in the schools for ya. when i filled out

the school as well, especially mongolian who was to because some of the students aren't do pass that sort of way to get them on the 4th of that. that's why we have this the glendale texting talk to the people. so if we want you to teach a few thoughts about the culture, and like i said, we're going to get her to the hosting. but that's where the non to tradition stops. the school hasn't braced modern technology. from the 1st grade, teachers are already integrating screens into their instruction. we've been using this tv for less than since last year. was supposed to. it's effect of words to the children, learn better behind the school as a brand new dormitory. the children lived here during the week and everything is

free for the families. the mongolian state covers the cost in the interim go slow. they live here in to the students sleep 6 to a room, summer here, 5 days a week. others whose parents are away in the tiger. stay for months at a time. is good. so do you prefer it here or at home? i prefer the thing at home. i like to hear more. why? because the school is here. while the children attend school and their mother stay nearby, the village to come in are alone in the tank up. the winter migration is a critical time for the duca. every year in late autumn,

the nomads bring their reindeer to the far north in the mountains. they traverse deep into the ty got to find areas that are dense with like in the they need to ride over fast winter landscapes and across treacherous rivers. they're constantly fearful that they're reindeer will be injured or even die on the journey. this is an alter, the goal is to thank the spirits for helping us across this river. what the white board detection while in spring time developed real. so i

that it's impossible to cross jordan to win the favor of the spirits. it's customary to throw 3 stones on the altar, the combination of the fast current and the rocky floor make the crossing dangerous . but the spirits watch over the travelers and the hurts came across safely and continue on. the . the nomads ride their reindeers for 8 hours a day. they rarely take breaks. the water here, good. good. it's healing. i'll show rate spring water in the

after 2 days of traveling, they reached their destination. a fully remote m, like in dense valley, that herders only recently discovered in one month 800 reindeer from 15 families have gathered here the on this mountain slope at the edge of the forest. the duka built this log cabin or why she has a nice little house, but there's enough space for all of us. the men will spend winter in this 20 square meter cabin.

as the young duca are turning away from the traditional nomadic lifestyle and instead or trying to build a life in the city, the milan bar towards the capital in the middle of the steps is home to 1500000 residents, passive mongolia as population lives. here the poor districts made up of small houses in europe or on the outskirts. no man to live here to look for work. the city center is growing a landscape shaped by modern buildings, glass towers, and traffic jams. the motto on the 19 year old duke student is discovering this new world. she moved here

from the tiger 2 months ago to study the the, the other stuff started last time as soon as i got here, but i wanted to go straight home just so i could hardly stand the noise and traffic jams. i'll have to have to look at the air is so dirty when i started getting pimples on my face from the air and the water. i don't know i'm doing better. and what i'm doing and what at the best buy model and doesn't want to be a reindeer herders. she's come here to pursue her goal of becoming a sports teacher. all sort of, i thought that i feel i need to study to get on the same level as other mongolian when she came to learn about taught, she discovered consumerism. she had never seen such huge shopping centers before. inside there are displays of cosmetics, watches and luxury imports from the west,

the and all on bottled model and lives in accommodation for low income students. it's located in this building in the city center. she shares a dormitory with 5 other students, which is my bed. this accommodation costs are the equivalent of $20.00 euros a month to support the duka. the mongolian state pay the stipend to all adults regardless of whether they remain in the taiga or live in the city. as the mongolian state gives every adult about 70 years, every month i use that money to buy food. d gosh to

show us with p. c. s, but it isn't enough for everything i need there. but so light, clothing in school supplies it to despite the challenges my own doesn't regret her decision to move to the city. in fact, she hopes others will found that when her footsteps are the day of goodness and good, the children and young adults and the tiger should come here to receive the same education as the people. and bachelor to stay with me just, i don't think you forget your home or native language when you study here and source that it can be 16 months without school and university can be the people of the taiga instead of children, will be an educated and cut off from the world and good post team and dished the model and we'll wrap up her studies in the next 4 years. she told us she doesn't want to return to life

and attend and the tiger. but she is the exception. despite the encroaching modern world, most young duka wants to continue living the way their ancestors did. as the guardians of the last reindeer in mongolia, the ice cold at the present got an e. an expedition ventures on 2 places that no one has to explore

the page. while he is the ice melting more rapidly than in the ice fields and pass the 30 minute d w. i just want to pursue what that's nice saw on fire. how are you going to buy your house? your job, your decision? or your parent the single money when generations clash? you would? i don't remember because i wanted him to become a doctor. and in 19 minutes on d w, the

really oh you update green innovations, super green and green chimes, the holy grail of electron mobility and green revolution global. so listen to all loud climate problems to fix your thoughts on the topics subscribe to those channels. we've got new videos every friday, tried to plan it's a on the long voyage through the ocean. and mother, i'm back with account for a long time. they had to be humans on the journey. but now the printer says, have to come to protect the

of the the this is dw news, and these are our top stories. ukrainian president brought him is zalinski, has made his 1st visit to ukraine's border areas. since his troops launched their offensive inter rushes course, the region so lensky met with army commanders. he has said, ukraine has no plans to occupy the area in the long term. but he wants to create a buffer zone to limit russian attacks. india is prime minister in the range for moody has called for negotiations to end the war in ukraine, but he was speaking after meeting with homeland premier and donald to us in more so moody's next stop is.