tv Urban Rats Deutsche Welle August 23, 2024 3:15am-4:01am CEST
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a new world, a week's as the sunsets over big cities. the world of rach a world that a shadow humans for eod, rats of the stuff of horror stories and urban minutes offering, smoking our disgust and fears. they're seen as dirty, aggressive and devious carriers of deadly diseases. and they're everywhere. many feel like they already know more about this animal than they want to. but what do we really know about our unpopular neighbors? the
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of scale research projects around the world are looking at the behavior of rats in big cities. and one of the 1st was a model project launched in vancouver, the canadian red capital that allegedly boasts the highest rank population. chelsea hills where it's a pioneer of modern rank research, sit out in 2010 to answer some basic questions. what are the things that interest me when i started the vancouver wrap project is how little we know about rats. and i really wonder why that was the case. why these animals that live amongst us since the dawn of civilization, we understand so little. and i think the 1st is that they're a little distasteful or maybe not as glamorous as, as some of the other animals that scientists could choose to study. so if you have the option to choose between a rat or gorilla, you might not choose the rach, i think the 2nd is,
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is exactly this issue of co existence that we've lived with them for so long. we think, oh, we maybe we know everything there is to know about them. and i think the final thing is our, our attitude toward the science of rats and rap management that previously had been considered really a blue color occupation. something you just get rid of. and only now are we recognizing yes, rats or an animal, a wildlife population, just like polar bears just like sam. and so we really were wanting to understand the basics. where to wrap populations look like in modern cities, how many rats are there in each block? how do they behave, and more importantly, what diseases do they carry? the goal is a future where humans can co exist with rats, with this few health risks and fears as possible. that means,
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questioning previous believes and taking a complex approach to the question of living with the rodents. the scientists with the armageddon project have already begun to expose the secret lives of powers as rach what's on on, on such. and this is a very small young wrapped up in the seats. what's known as a brown wrap to fix it. scientific name is rach as nor vega course and it's the rat most commonly found in european cities and in paris. specifically, this one is perhaps 2 weeks old, and she's just starting to venture out of her bureau mazda. she'll feel this won't tell you so. so like your real ha, uh, don't group. i'm little true that this rat, one of the common rat, also known as a sewer rap, is quite typical in urban environments with me, you're not the was that causes conflict because it's usually considered dangerous.
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and dirty girl fits it on anybody. key questions that i commit on, and i don't show a lot of people, there is no denying that it can post health risk who didn't have room on. but it's also an animal that co exist is with us. and then the roof was, it is something you meant oh, there's increased interest in it and when use and even a growing goodwill towards this little animal not a while ago, the present to jump video is of the, to the ship to tell you about, keep you that'd be cool. it wants to push on like you drove off the phone or the keystone by the community. for me, the armageddon project is an attempted answering fundamental biological questions that have alluded us to push it. it's a 1st for paris or even for france in general. there's never been a research project that has some studies wraps in the city or paris in particular on film. another important topic is healthcare. how high is the risk of rach transmitting diseases in paris? here too, we have no information, no data, no, no idea,
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really the ill founded pleasantries, they keep almost sheets. and finally, the 3rd topic, which i also think is very important, is understanding why some people hate radcliffe, and others loved them. and how to better approach these differing rad opinions and images. it is the most difficult. uh, do you have the . ringback ringback the york in northern england was a key part of the roman empire. and sewell archaeologist david norton, is using 1000 year old bones to investigate what rats can tell us about human
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history. good speakers where there has been people, they have always been rach who have always liked the idea of using small and unlikely remains to tell kind of big picture stories about human history, tiny wrap things making. so we centimeters know that and kind of came into lots of different places and getting together a story of what they can tell us about connectivity between different human supplements connected to the supplements. and so basically it's tracing when, when they were understanding the presence is behind that using those processes to understand here the end of the roman empire and the development of medieval trade,
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the human side. and then trying to understand how much of the role they could just they didn't take. 2 researches in hills and key are also studying the complexity of human rac relations . scientists want to develop a good rep management system for the finish capital and to leave for use of the city use rach. wild threats are often seen as harmful and, and useful, but then again we have pet rents and laboratory rats. so racks are they have multitude of meanings in human cultures. the present, a relationship between you mentioned rats, is, is quite heated and, and it's always important to look at history and look at the past relationship in order to understand why we have present day conflicts. and discussions. often times
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people compare rats to humans and. 2 say that rats quite similar to us. 2 the, the, using the project is laid by tool most i below even though the cities rad problem is small, in comparison to other cities. either those team is ambitious and is taking an unconventional approach. when you look at the human evolution, kind of like the story is that that's what, whatever is the situation human able to add up to a mutual standpoint. and the rest i see very much of a similar situation. so the greatest thing with the rest is that how well they can take each situation and thrive. you and then the rest in laboratory roots, which have been studied for 150. yes,
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for different. good bye bye. a medical uses are all of the kind of like medical advances that we have because human lifespan has us, has become longer. we get to tons of a kind of like 1000000. so for us to kind of like sacrifice their lives for the, for the find the . 4 so we know that the rest on the scale of everything new but these look like the features new for me to schedule for everything year. but they quite quickly learn what is the truth and what is how does come like it makes it easier on somebody and keep an eye appointment for going like it's more difficult to say in another room so such and such. all right. but makes it very interesting from kind of like in order for the plan, which is quite a few the
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understanding is lots of different, unemotional running around, for example, and the truck place up the we had mice truck. so got a white van see me last direct trucks, but they ask about us more then then again on here you can see on these truck plays, we have red trucks. so we know the address, i'm moving around here and there is maybe one of the thursdays inside the stone wall here. so they're running from the here and then moving around the car, the car and in here. so then we're setting up to come over here to see where that can work to make sure that this is a rough and where they say individual russell several ranch are very social animals. they bring food to the nations of weak family members. and when forced to choose between rescue and your fellow right and a piece of chocolate experiments show that rats will usually choose to help
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the these cities aren't alone. a team in berlin is also interested in the parallel worlds of rach, they're working to assess the use of rec poison in the city sewers. for decades, berlin is boned ranch with ro dentist, sides with severe consequences for the environment. but no one knows if the pesticides are the right approach. and if it makes sense to guard the city with industrial amounts of rank boys and yeah, the fossils clear. please now started our research project rep control and sewers because we 1st had to catch at least 60 animals from different populations around berlin to create a basis for a genetic analysis to see if the animals are related. in the addition i use and switch huffman on that and so connected to them. and then we have very little of
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prior knowledge about wild wraps of mine, just kind of kind of the most s s last, if was of can you mean the last one has the most pressing? now for offline, we had to meet the strict requirements for approval as an animal experiment. and it took us a long time to find the right trap. it had to be animal c, which is a very small market, a recruiter today we're placing and beating the traps and so that the animals can get used to them often. once the traps have been accepted, we trigger them and then we'll catch some grabs for genetic testing. we met, we used thermal imaging, cameras and wildlife cameras to select the to best message for above ground and underground. would i see 5 as me told him, i was gonna be. 2 the, the vancouver researchers have already reached some surprising conclusions in the
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most problematic district where apartment blocks are built on a great rach, move within clearly defined territories that has some interesting consequences. 1 the 1st phase was sort of a fact finding mission about what the health risks are that routes. how was in um, think hoover's downtown east side. so really understanding where are the rats and what diseases they carry. 2 we caught 700 rats and identified something like 1200 related relationships. so parents off spring full siblings, have siblings of all of those relationships. there was only about one percent of them that were in different city blocks. and that was quite surprising to see how little they move between blocks and of rats don't move between those blocks. they don't spread their diseases with them. so what we found using left those for roses
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as an example with that disease is found in some blocks and not others because those blocks are really reflective of family groups. they are reflective of transmission being within families. and that in different blocks, you have different families that just don't come into contact with each other and roads. interestingly enough, also sort of mark the territory for these families. this is my block. you stay in your block. and there's very little contact between the raf families. if we know that rats don't move much among city blocks, you know that your neighborhood rat really is your neighborhood rat. and you can target your management approaches to the scale of the city block. the dr laws don't catch you. we often use this method with rodents in our research on
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that to. yeah, we attach an ear tag with a number i'm, i'm sure the only i'll say don't mention, it's like an id card. you'll see because we can then find them again. i'll screw up the real hucks, we release them, and thanks to this tag, we know exactly who is moving for where when and how with the help of all the traps, we put up, gone. they killed all summer the objects put on there isn't technique to say is it's a very precise technique for finding out how many animals are in a particular place. yeah. the anymore on, on the order to researchers in your god, trying to discover how long rats have been adapted to humans. black rats commonly known as house rats on the focus human trade, urban, ization, and large and tires helped spread them around the world. but they are now
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considered extinct in many parts of europe. we know that the black track spread across the run and so by around the 1st century, dc, 1st century 80. there's good reason to think it was present in the mediterranean for quite a long time before that. but right now, we really don't know when the search is kind of concentration of evidence that that threats turning up in archaeological human settlements comes from the end as probably civilization, and from that they may have strep beyond the reach. and so around the same time, we start to see black threats arriving in mesopotamia. it's another arrangement around the same time. we're starting to see cities develop and those quite a bit of tre, documented between those regions. and i find this quite fascinating because rats spread around the world by human great connections. and they're also dependent on
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the kind of settlements we have playing the what was a big city in the roman period. it became less important, the smaller, less well connected. and then it became the biggest city again into the viking age . and you can see wraps mirror and what i think is happening here with this kind of rise in full and then rise again. front populations. is it that tracking nature of the human to them exist in the brown room is generally thoughts is spread across here in the 18th century. although there are some suggestions that might have been present perhaps in the 15th or 16th century. but the majority view based must be on documentary records is that it's bad in the 18th century. one of the main things that people will think about if you say wraps in history or perhaps in, okay, elegy is the idea that wraps were the main need to blame. so the spread of plague in the past, particularly in the black death, this often comes across as a very polarized to date. you'll see news headlines saying it wasn't wraps up through the wraps. and there are also many historians who follow the traditional
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line. many epidemiologists are interested in history for that matter who is a push back against that and a very keen on the traditional views. so it's often seemed to be this kind of heated debate. either it was all about rach, everywhere or alternative the. it shouldn't really be about right, so it was something different. but i think the real question of away from the headlines, the real question is, how much of a fact was the presence of wraps in the way that historically, kinetics developed. if you took the rats away, which we still have had upon demick on the scale, if the black death, i suspect to wouldn't destiny. but that's something which is still very much bye to when it comes to human risks associated with rats. there were a couple of really interesting things that we found. one is not all rats,
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terry disease. and actually, the number of rats isn't proportional to the disease risk. so we found some huge colonies of rats that were totally clean. didn't have any of these bacteria and viruses and other smaller colonies that were just loaded. so that was really important because our public health principles are based on the assumption that then if there is more rats, there must be more disease. but that's not true at all. the association between rats and disease is much more complex than that. and then if you do come into contact with a rat, yes, i think the answer is they absolutely have the potential to pass at different bacteria and viruses that make people sick. but the risk for different people is not equal. in some parts of the world,
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people are more exposed to rats and more exposed to disease carrying rats. we know that these diseases are more common in countries that are less developed, but then even with in a city. and this was really interesting, different populations for neighborhoods are more at risk. so we were really focused on the downtown east side, which is called vancouver's porous postal code. and that's because it has this confluence of factors. it has dilapidated buildings in adequate infrastructure and sanitation, all of which can attract rats. and then you've got people that are adequately house . they're on the street. they might be using drugs, they might be doing sex work. and so they have lots of opportunity to come into contact with wraps and layer on top of that that a lot of these individuals have other infections, like h, i, v, aids, hepatitis that decrease their immune system and make them more vulnerable. so when
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you take all these factors together, you do certainly have certain populations in a city that will be more vulnerable to rats than others. the most, you know maggie, do as part of the army get in and thanks to our partner, the pastor institute, the but we do have a kind of inventory of the pathogens that paris rats can transmit. and then we know, for example, that was done preparation wraps and carried up those derosa associate. but we don't really know whether it imposes any danger to humans or how high the risk of infection is to. it's the are radically possible that rats transmit disease. although in paris, we don't yet know if that's the case, and there is no risk for the average parisian going about their everyday life. the only problem is the most of us
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what else we found were that rats also carried a lot of human bacteria and viruses. so they act almost like little sponge in the when we think about the rich, the only easy switch leaving the sewage system. and if you kind of like, if there's a place where you're going to expose this even public sense, sewage system is pretty good. so i think when we think about sort of like publishing spread, the probably medium all pets and spread from rad sticky humans. properly a huge amount of purpose and bread for a few minutes to read. i like these to these come but turn around the idea of human steve, the one who gets solved. but this is these from of the animals. it's very most of the way wrong because it's the, it's a humans word. and we spreads about the tense around the rest of this book because
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i believe you off the cycle of overhead skeptical disease from human side better humans continue from breath. so that's a bit of a price that the roads have to pay when they are so close to us. i am especially looking at bird feeding in helsinki city because nowadays, in present day has thinking good feeding is really up the heart of the wrecked conflict. food feeding is really, really important in finland. it's something that has been done from the 19th century on which people it has engaged. many people want to feed that, but city officials have forbidden it in many places. this can cause a debates and heated discussions between neighbors because both feeding is seen or something that can benefit. the rent. birds being fed is
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a problem everywhere. it attracts rats. and once they show up, counter measures are never far behind. but scientific research into the long term effects of rec, control has been lacking. it's unclear if it actually reduces any health risk. the no one's actually done the studies to see if trapping and killing rats reduces disease risk. so we actually, we did that experiment. so we looked again taking this bacteria left to spiral, which we already knew kind of how it worked. and we measured how many rats had left to spiral before our study. and then we went in there and we simulated a pest control intervention. we then trapped and said ok to these rats that are, are remaining, do they still have disease us and they did. but what was more amazing is they had
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more disease then the rats before we did the trapping. so the pest control intervention, which was supposed to reduce our disease risk counter intuitively increased the amount of disease in this right population. so why might we see an increase that's the opposite of what we would hope to see, right? we would hope that you might remove rats and the risk would go down. but what we came to understand is that when you remove these individuals, you might change how they interact with each other. so social dynamics, if you remove some wraps, maybe that changes how they fight and bite and try to get food resources. and when you spread a bacteria among routes through fighting and fighting, well, if you change those dynamics, you change how that spread that really taught us that the, the, the current war on rats to get rid of as many routes as possible may be
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causing the problem that it's trying to prevent, i think the answer is changing the way we see the problem. the . i love way too much. is it the of all i'll make you don't. i admit that before working on the armageddon project, which i was one of those people who had a lot of prejudice against rad z, i would even say that i basically had a phobia who's a deep fear and dissipated for rats. but as i've learned more about their nature, i've learned whatever remarkable animal they are, who it's been a journey of self discovery through my encounters with rags to a novelty because they couldn't. huh. what was it about say no. see what i will
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assist you in to do this, this hello, this is perfect. it's a great specimen of wrapped us nerve. huge because it's also called brown right. and lives in the city for to have a round is the typical color. although there are individuals with very dark or very light for you, but this one is really a classic example. this is the wrap. we all know the street rat in the city 60, this individual is an adult. at the body is another easily recognizable feature, the length of the body, longer than the tail. quote, what we have here is a beautiful adult female rad as nerve each because skill sets in best cement dude a to snow region. and then we don't use these to know the motion, the whole thing, even as a biologist am, i have to admit that i knew very little about this animal. and that i had many, subconscious, unfounded, least about the rad. the rumors police were maybe even childhood memories, that's my mother has eroded phobia. and then i was one of those people who were afraid of raps because like, without really knowing why, so usual,
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to build you hear me so, okay. and most of the, of the, this old views, surprisingly wide spread in the collective consciousness of western societies. even seems to be a common denominator of western culture. regularly stirred up by the media and pass down from one generation to the next. rats are seen at harbingers, of doom and a universal symbol of danger and just toby at the job due to the 1st and the day. so if it was to jeopardy ha, the media always plays a role in shaping ideas, and it's no different with wraps on the table. it's interesting that they function both as witnesses and producers of social ideas. the mutual during the siege of parents of early 1870 parents wisdom, circled by the prussian army and completely cut off from the supply of could send
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you to a party. janelle would you. the parisians began to eat and meek from animals. they had never eaten before. yeah, most of including route because any law say to, to mostly by just get out a little pull from village on that is a rep. market was even set up near lake on it. so parisians could continue to eat, need to put, could advise up, is going to the level this really left its mark on the french getting started. this moment was on the right was transformed the interns to meet and on people's plate been build a can only the house it. 6 the information newspapers of there are mentions on that force that dates back to the late 19th century, oftentimes made by c t. officials. and there were many wrapped force of the sofa in order to get rid of wraps from here. the sink and people were encouraged to
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do have a war on rats or to try to get rid of threats, for instance, even magazines, for their seas. so there were lots of these kind of almost per book on the image cheese that people could see the know see is develop the needs. and these are, some of the spectacle was imported from great britain in the 18 seventy's rap. beating up were dogs and rats were placed in an arena. the rattle drove the shuffle to his st. paul, i think you know how the dogs were trained to attack and massacre the train breakfast will get a slice a wraps have suffered a historic tradition of cruelty to the new stuff the. 2 the
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media with you, let's do one of the pre act is this via either the original motivation for our project was to learn more about the environmental risk using rodents, toys and stuff. i'm anti coagulant and have generally been used. you have to kill rafa speaking, but since these are blood clotting inhibitors, which have the advantage that they have a slightly delayed effect. so they ride some just enough poison, you are 5 at the same time. these substances are persist in that one value a cumulative and toxic, and which means that they accumulate in the environment on end are toxic to other living organisms in industry. and in recent years, we've been shocked to learn that the active substances from wrapped poisons with can already be found in many other wild animals. literally fish for kansas. our. and what's really shocking is that 100 percent of the fish caught in rivers and the
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predators that eat these fish, one more also contaminated. for example, for aquatic life, the main source of pollution is to sewage system. i find the optic waste water is not clean to remove anticoagulants from the water. but these tre, substances are so small that they can still be found. and the treating wastewater offers of kansas city, south carolina, spanish board stuff. or there's a study where a car placed in tom's where purified waste water from sewage treatment plants was discharged. and 80 percent of the liver samples contained at least one act of substance from wrapped points. and then the by pool meant to you, munitions. i am book stuff, i asked him how gift stuff was. i've shockey and, and i'm just shocking of them. but 5, we have to ask ourselves, how can we reduce this environmental impact to convince him the how can we prevent these toxins from accumulating further in the human some of our tests. so alarming results to other animals reacts to the poison in the same way as rats do and they
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die from internal bleeding. yeah, something has to be done. but as in vancouver and in b. c as a whole, there's very much a move, a cultural move to go away from chemical means of controlling rats because of the negative impacts on other wildlife. so we certainly don't want to have, you know, beautiful albums falling from the sky, dying of rat poison. of course, i'll make you go, in fact you need keep goods cause i choose to choose one team from the armageddon project is looking into the use over dentist sides like the rep points. and they found that certain wrap population have developed a tolerance to which means that the use of police ends of might have lethal effects on others. be caesar while having no effect on some rags on the footprint of these thoughts. and if you don't leave message, you are ultimately of no use in trying to stop me the threat of rats who need me to
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the police of the all this culture. and i call it this sort of interest b, c's genocide. really it's, it's one species trying to wipe out another species and i think that's it's, it's not good science and i think it's not good culturally the bunk. it is not only the war against rach that runs through the history of mankind. the, the rack has also been used by people and countries as a symbol of their enemies in wars. just ok, trade and energy. whoever is, is the country producing public and rats often come to represent the enemy,
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something that people want to get rid of. for instance, in, in soviet cartoons reps where used to represent a germany and nazi germany or nazi party. also in inductive germany to square represented sometimes with the images of rats. so it seems that it's, it's all over the, in the me, off of the nation or what is perceived to be the enemy of the nation. but the wretched image is slowly improving. rats are being stuffed as part of the power as project for the permanent exhibition at the natural history museum, to return them to their place in the animal kingdom. and to bring them closer to the general public as regular animals in a few free environment. say
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like c daniels on a. yeah. you know, very nice. i'm keep to told you how in with them all there's actually been a new image emerging of the rad, in recent years for joe and you with the well known animated film rattle. julie was very helpful. it was the 1st time a rach surfaced from the sewers. it's moving away from the image of darkness, an evil dom. instead, we got a rat that's intelligent, funny, likable. curious right, and hard working. if you call that, you know, looking at the placing read to, to a, if a rat who becomes an excellent called in the kitchen, really made a difference. but you've been ultimately helps to shift public opinion more is especially among the young didn't she didn't was in the i think we do need a perspective change on rats. i think if we thought of them differently as sort of
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our urban neighbors and that we need to manage those relationships, i think that i think that those approaches would go along way. and so i think that sort of perspective shift as routes as part of makes a big difference in how we manage them and improve the health of our cities altogether. wrap, steve, tell us quite a bit about people and they also say something about how we treat our cities, how we manage our ways. i mean, they are reflective of, in a lot of ways, our own actions or inaction, the oven, and the move in, even as the needs to control rats remains. and especially in the cities, it has to eventually be done differently than by using active substances that stay in the environment from life. and if it turns out that using the dentist side and sewer is, is not effective. so then the next step should be to band poisoning minutes,
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but i took the little bit to what else to use this only be do we always release the animals where we caught them or very close to the trap in which they were caught. the sounds of to oh, but this is very important. it helps to limit the behavioral stress caused by releasing the animal somewhere else. i strongly hope of tomorrow is because of the, of all the shape of son of to, of the tools just accepted. you just have to accept that they are, they're supposed to prevent them from causing problems and limit the risk to view them and otherwise try to co exist with them. if we, for example, reduce the amount of food that is constantly thrown away in our modern cities, we would have far fewer rats along with one of the yano cupid fee. there is a direct link between the presence of rabble styles and for waste management and
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poor city administration. who loves you politics are never far away. right, sir, ultimately a political issue. expanding cities, waste wells and ignorance help them spread. and since they can pose a health risk, especially to the weakest members of society or responsible approach to a healthy or co existence with threats is needed. after all, rad poison contaminates the environment, forming humans as much as anything else. but what's the solution? focused so much on the wrapped itself that we don't see all the complex interconnections it has with our daily lives. for example, the relationship between rats and garbage or do we look at the impact of rats on the urban poor? so there's no point in going in and getting rid of the rats when the whole building
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is falling down and filled with garbage. instead, having by laws that hold landlords accountable for environmental sanitation is going to increase the overall living conditions in those facilities. and also as a secondary consequence, get rid of the rats. so that's a solution to a wrap problem. that is a policy solution. it should be different than what the big picture of how society also works. i know that in vancouver project, but that fall the best, the homeless people who are the contact with drugs and, and then kind of like it would be probably the wrong to say that the, that's the restful halt that the homeless people have contact with the rest but probably kind of like social problem if the homeless people. so there's not that much homeless people in, hey listen to you. which means that bestbuy example of that kind of like group which would be, would be called the rats and properly get to kind of like make it the basic formats
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doesn't really exist. pretty much the only reason why rights come a control in housing. if you stick on the bikes, demonstrate infrastructure, the humans need to abandon the illusion of those emanating rats completely. it hasn't worked so far, and there's no reason it will in the future. rats are part of the urban eco system . modern rac management needs a scientific contemporary approach. it's probably time to end the war on rach and overcome our age old fears. i wouldn't say that routes are dangerous. i think that our actions towards managing them make them more or less dangerous about, but we have no choice but to co exist with rapid school and to help us to accept them and make it as easy as possible. we need to better understand their behavior. i'm optimistic that it's getting better
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the . 2 the time of a sudden i fly up with pleasure. without alcohol, the spanish mediterranean i linda of my york house has issued as an alcohol is no longer allowed in attendance for years. parties power tourist reacting and the local focus on fuzzy minutes. on d. w. a gym and research team wants to save lives worldwide by making m
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already technology more flexible. up to now, the equipment has been too heavy and expensive. move and half of the world's population had no access to it. no 3 researches have developed a new system. an opportunity for millions of people made in germany and 19 minutes on d w. the living in a society is full of contrasts and inequality is a big challenge. many problems can only be solved by working together. yes, i think i pretend isn't misleading. what is home? how do we tackle the major issue about to talk about the system or if there is
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a significant risk of human extinction from advancing our system? our series continues. johnson henderson on the w the . this is dw news, and these are our top stories. ukrainian president, modem is zalinski, has made his 1st visit to ukraine's border area as since his troops launched their offensive into russia's course region. so lensky met with army commanders. he has said ukraine has no plans to occupy the area in the long term, but he wants to create a buffer zone to limit russian attacks india as prime minister in the range remote, he has called for negotiations to end the war in ukraine. but he was speaking after meeting.
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