get a lot for news on our website, just go to unity, definitely dot com. and you can also visit our social media channels. like instagram is x, a handle you need is after the w need. all of us and berlin, thanks for the company. on the long voyage through the ocean and the well with the cost for a long time, they had to be a humans on that journey. now the trenches have become very protective of whales until the results of the ocean conservation stats of tend to sold. i'm dw the we are in the far north of mongolia. it's an i see and rugged region tucked away from the rest of the world. the climate

here is extreme. temperatures can plunge to minus 45 degrees celsius in winter. this is the home land of the duca known as santa and in mongolian, there among the last nomadic people in the world to travel on reindeer away and shut up, or on their way to see their brother who lives high up in the mountains to reach him. they must cross this vast, frozen lake the this way of shorter the ice beneath them is continuously expanding and contracting over the course of the day. that makes making strange sounds. don't worry, the ice won't break if it's at least 3 fingers that are the

reindeer board. accustomed to walking on snow, this crossing proves to be quite the challenge of the 2 men had been traversing the snow, covered mountains and passes for 2 days. now, their brother lives completely isolated in the heart of the tiger. he lives in this traditional plan, similar to a t p. luke is 30 years old. this is where he and his families spend winters. his wife is named who loved and they have 3 children. gone out is 6 years old. his sister in law is 3 and the youngest child is one luke and his family are no meds. and keeping with the traditional live style of the

duca, they live in a tent without modern amenities. they use a stove for heating and cooking. here's your hat. the family cook eats and sleeps and these 10 square meters long shows us how they keep everything sorted more. in the this is the shelf where we start, all our kitchen utensils is this is where we keep our flower. these are, there are the children, saddles and some blinking. if you missed here in the middle, we have more blankets. i'm still and that's where we came across those and the mattresses inside the keep ourselves organized tags at

the duca r reindeer herders for luke cares for 40 animals the duca cultivate a special relationship to their reindeer. who luke and his family are among the last of the duka in mongolia, there are just 200 people still living this way, largely removed from the modern world. their traditional way of life is being threatened. now more than ever. the duka live in the far north of the country right on the border of russia. this vast and remote region is notoriously difficult to access. this seclusion from the rest of the world has enabled us nomadic people to preserve their traditions. originally from the land of siberia, the duca followed the same customs their ancestors did centuries ago. in summer in winter, the venture across the tide go with their herds, searching for the like and that sustains their animals.

the . the are a small group. to avoid marrying a blood relatives, the young men are encouraged to look for a wife outside their own community. but in summer, duke, a man and woman will be when remarkable occasion and the 1st such wedding and many years prosper us with a launch had become the parents to many children. but all their traditions are at risk of disappearing. and technology is making its way into the 10. 8 0 6 it's difficult to shut out all the temptations of the modern world model. and what do you have a 12 charger for a cell phone? and there's the issue of schooling. for the past 15 years,

the mongolian state has require duka children to attend school from the age of 7. this law means families are separated for entire winters. at the opposite end of the step, a whole other world. this is the capital of mongolia. lawn bought toner with its bustling streets and modern buildings. the 19 year old, my loan is duca. she left her family home to study here the even though i'm from the tiger, i can be successful. over the course of a year, we gained an inside look into the day to day lives of many, to cut families rare insights into the centuries old traditions and customs of an indigenous people in a world that's on the precipice of being lost the

noon to reach the duka, we travel more than 1000 kilometers across the stem. we drove for 3 days on treacherous trails. we journeyed over rivers and bridges that our driver was not always so keen to cross the weight to me. on the other side. the for hours and hours we rode without encountering a single traveller. there were neither road signs nor telephone reception. the we cross one final bridge and then reach. so i got, nor the,

this is the northern most village in mongolia. the homes are sprawled across the shore of this vast lake. about 1200 people lived here. it's the gateway to the world of the duca. the beyond the village, the roads become even more difficult to navigate by car. we get out of our vehicle and venture forward on horseback. the mongolian riders help us scale the steep mountains and reach our destination. who this valley,

an altitude of 2000 meters is where the duca spend their summers. they live in tents and small groups. the camps are spread out across a few kilometers. the . each family has its own heard of reindeer, some 2000. the animals are in the valley every summer, the the duca spend 4 months here from june to september. this is a time to recuperate before the long winter at the front mark saw and all shay, well haven't anything but a quiet summer. their eldest daughter has told them she wants to get married

the this morning. the parents are expecting a visitor. the best man of their potential son in law is coming to extend a formal proposal. the father, microsoft does not seem altogether enthused. we're waiting for the people who are asking for my daughter's hand in marriage. most of it do you know what your answer will be? she's not yet. a groundsmen have arrived or shay the mother of the hopeful bride to be as inside the tent looking rather reserved to the best man is wearing a red deal, a traditional mongolian garment and he must present a blue scar symbolizing the

a tunnel sky. if the father takes the scarf, it signals the marriage proposal has been formerly accepted. the best man stands up to start his speech. but in the very same moment, the parents of the hopeful bride get up to leap. i know some good morning to all those gathered here. the best man launches into a speech. thank you for being here. we will now be getting the ceremony of asking for the bright hand in marriage and he's so nervous that he doesn't realize her parents have left. you choose not to, your tradition dictates that one's the best man has initiated the ceremony. he's not allowed to sit down again until it's concluded. where are they? the 15

minutes later, the parents are turn dressed in their finest garments. and they've been trying to send a message the most of the time you leave, just as i started to do, there's no hurry. let's say fast, do we still have to work or i didn't come from, you know, i seemed to give you the scar from exxon. it's a matter of pride and honor. i assure you that your daughter will be marrying a man from a good family. agatha is trying to stall as long as possible. the longer he deflects the more clear it becomes just how cherished his daughter is to but have left with his wife and through the father. except this car

was here by approve the marriage of my strong will daughter to be the best man can finally brita sigh of relief and enjoy a glass of vodka for the men in the valley. the real work has only just begun a few days later. tomorrow, do you have a pencil? here's, here's the everyone has gathered today to build furniture for the future newly weds. where'd you learn this yourself? yes. that sounds on our own. we do what seems right to us.

the groom is also helping build with at 20 years old. he will be moving out of his family's 10th for the 1st time of the on say is not taking part in the preparations she gave birth a month ago. it's common among do got to have a child before getting married. the child is living proof of their commitment and loving bought the the wedding will take place in 2 weeks in accordance with the lunar calendar. the until then, life in the valley continues a few kilometers from the 10th of the brides and grooms parents as the camp of bo g . she's 42 years old and was born in the tiger. o g has spent her whole life here.

her days are guided by her religious traditions. every morning she makes tea for her family. while her children are still asleep, she performs action monic ritual. she offers the 1st t of the day to the spirits of the natural world. why is the nature in all its goodness, protect us, but it's humans and animals. that's what we say when we also teach the size of of of animals the duca believes spirits and habit nature and all living beings. they live in harmony alongside their reindeer animals. they especially cherish and just like done on who bodies, husband, they consider it a great privilege to care for them. and then the tagging is we who are born and raised and the tiger are the guardians of

these mountains. and this beautiful nature reading here are we are in mongolia, raising them is the most beautiful thing in the world. have the job, the not on who and bog care for 100 range here. some reindeer are said to even possess some magical powers and are afford at certain privileges. this one wears color full ribbons around his neck and is the only reindeer allowed to enter the family tent. he is there reindeer showman. this rain, direst state prison, fast plus for its lips within him this he protects the hood and his can take from illness. these moons, many other thing was stanley spirit lives inside the

reindeer table wasn't time. yes. the square is at one of our intestines. well, she's 10 additional minutes help us choose the rainy day. during the summons guide us to t n t gives us the 12 o g is a close observer of duca traditions. she has also begun to incorporate some modern inventions into her life by decide their home. there's a curious yellow tent with a make shift antenna. it is the family's telephone tend. 8 their. 9 body can call her eldest daughter, who lives in the village. hello, did you sleep well, did you want to die? yes, fine. slow today, but she doesn't have much time to spare. she's taking part in the wedding

preparations. let's get into the account of this for attendance as well. before after the wedding, we say one for the top of all the women in the valley gathered to take part. they brought out their old mechanical sewing machines for the occasion. machines from generations ago, carefully maintained the visit working. yes, but it makes the noise. should i oil it? sure. go ahead. i mean about, i'm now a bit more but not too much. we bought 100 meters. i hope that's enough. the women need to work quickly because the wedding ceremony will take place on the very 10th they're selling. that is if the reindeer leaves them

enough material, the 6 days later the wedding day has finally arrived. the bride and groom and their wedding party ride over on the white horses. white is a lucky color that symbolizes the purity of their union. the couple is dressed all in purple. they're expecting $100.00 guests at their wedding. the can i forget them? before entering the tent, the bride and groom must circle it 3 times, distributing reindeer milk, all the while. this ensures their prosperity and abundance that, that that was 3 times the on the

inside the guests sit on the floor to eat and drink. the parents are seated at a special table arranged for the occasion in the back of the most sacred part of the tent. the young couple hardly utter a word. they are feeling shy and emotional. the father of the groom gifts, the couple a leather lasso which should bring good luck to use this last so to casual mount. then at on your 10th with it drove prosper. us with a launch had become the parents to many children. the no man spend all summer in this high valley where there's plenty of food for the reindeer, but when winter rolls around,

everything changes for the duca the as soon as the 1st snow falls, the duke and bring their reindeer further north into the mountains. there they can find the lichen to nourish their hurts. we meet luke and his family again. they are living here fully isolated in the middle of the woods. with their small children, far from emergency medical services, they'll spend 6 months in this remote wilderness, which they share with wolves and bears. or the at the age of $6.00

and $3.00 donna and sula are already pitching in with the housework costa. hi, just when the snow melts, it becomes water. yeah. that's why i'm connecting it. could you tell me? do you want to try 5. yeah, that's great. i wouldn't be able to carry that. the children have divided up a choice. gonna does the heavy lifting and zulu starts to prepare the t

yeah. the snow is melting for luke and long slaughter, only one or 2 reindeer every year to week. they don't breed them to eat them, but they do drink their milk in large quantities of the food. the reindeer milk is more nourishing and then a small meal. please use the tub. tens of di lawn has named each one of the reindeer. yes to hold on to us to use. they're all the same as you have, but to us each one is different. we should have ordered just like humans. they all have their own distinct characteristics. yes, i mean this is literally reindeer. this one is mind

in winter temperatures range between minus 10 and minus 45 degrees celsius. despite the extreme conditions for children spend most of their time outdoors and they love caring for the reindeer. yes ma'am, i'm tying them up in the middle of the tiger. there's a small, what it's home to one of the most formidable members of the community. since 66 is 61 years old. as a showman, she's able to communicate with spirits. the name of this tree is always green. that's why it's a sacred place. it's a sign that

a powerful spirit lives in. it only is sherman may hang ribbons of honor on its branches. the duke of people believe spirits exist in every being. since 66 facilitates a link between humans and the invisible world. she's one of the communities, 3 shannon's, the people a lot. i became a showman when i was 37 years old. would you tell him what's the spirit in the sky moved inside me? sometimes my feet, i heard the weekend. i sense thing. i make it in to far in summer she lives in attend, and in winter she lives in this hot with her daughter, who manages the household the

duca come to this hot to seek counsel from the shop and how he says people come to me with questions about how they, how they tell me when things are bad. how, what came in bold colors to that once a month, she must contact the spirit so they can relay their messages. if she fails to do so, the spirits may seek retribution by attacking her or her family. tom drawing my drum, this drum symbolizes a horse one that allows her to gallop through the spirit world. since exec needs to dawn, special garments the spirits will possess her body and see the world through her eyes. the

best long coat is worn as protective armour. evil spirits could try to attack or even killed her on her journey. before every ceremony, her daughter burns juniper, the lucelle, and provide strength and cleanses everything. the showman summons the spirits falling deeper and deeper into a trance. she no longer feels pain. now it's happened.

the spirits have taken over her body. they convey their messages through 766. in an unknown language the . she remains in the trance for 2 hours, the defense suddenly, everything steals. the showman is completely exhausted. the spirit has spoken to you and you have

a blessed day and bye and that's all she says. the spirits have given her other messages, but she must deliver them personally to the recipients. the traditions define what it means to be duca. he wants everything to remain as it is . he wants his son to live in freedom, but the duka are no longer living in isolation. the outside world is encroaching more and more around the past decade. the mongolian government has mandated that nomadic children attend school from the age of 7. next winter governor will move with his mother to

the saga north. the only village in the region that has a school, so the family will be forced to separate. the law knows that her family's nomadic life will never be the same from now on. she will spend every winter in the village with her 3 children. far away from the tiger, her husband and their reindeer. this is the dilemma facing the duka. in order to give their children the state mandated education, they must sacrifice their traditional way of life. the located on the sweeping plains, at the foot of the mountains. there is a wooden cabin built from tree trunks, outfitted with satellite dishes and solar panels and a marker of luxury in this region and off road vehicle. this is the winter home,

the full jeep, the woman who introduced us to her reindeer showman. her family's lifestyle in the winter months is quite different than what we saw in the summer. imagine in me. she lives here with her children. her husband spends the whole winter in the tiger looking after their reindeer. some gay is nearly 13. she's been going to school for 6 years. my pencil case. my compass. this is my english notebook. and this is the old mongolian alphabet. overnight the temperature plummets the family wakes up to find the diesel has frozen in the van. some days, brothers try to warm it up with a blow torch. several hours of effort later,

the van finally moves about shim gay will be very, very late to school. the, the van races over the step, bumping along the pass, the drive to the village where the school is located. takes over 3 hours. it's 11 o'clock by the time sham. gay finally arrives. the school director is waiting for her you and you just got to you? yes. or you in but um has been

the director of the school for 8 years. she is do cap and was born and raised in the tiger. there are $550.00 students at the school in total 70 of whom are duca. the there was instruction from elementary through high school, a stuffed reindeer was positioned in the schools for ya. when i sort of worked out the school as well, especially mongolian who was to it is some of the students don't do that sort of way to get them on that. that's why we have this other brain day. i think i teach people. so if we want you to teach a few thoughts about the culture, and like i said, i'm rainy day ahead of time. full day. but that's where the non to tradition stops. the school has embrace the modern technology.

from the 1st grade, teachers are already integrating screens into their instruction. we've been using this tv for less than since last year. was supposed to. it's effect of words to the children, learn better behind the school is a brand new dormitory. the children live here during the week and everything is free for the families. the mongolian state covers the cost in the interest that goes slow. the to the students sleep 6 to a room summer here 5 days a week. others whose parents are away in the tiger. stay for months at a time. is good. so do you prefer it here or at home?

i prefer the thing at home. i like to hear more. why? because the school is here. while the children attend school and their mother stay nearby, the village to come in are alone in the tank up. the winter migration is a critical time for the duca. every year in late autumn, the nomads bring their reindeer to the far north in the mountains. they traverse deep into the tiger to find areas that are dense with like in the

they need to ride over fast winter landscapes and across treacherous rivers. they're constantly fearful that they're reindeer will be injured or even die on the journey. this is an alter, their goal is to concentrate here, to thank the spirits for helping us across this river. what the white board detection in spring time developing. so high that it's impossible to cross your to win the favor of the spirits. it's customary to throw 3 stones on the altar, the combination of the fast current and the rocky floor make the crossing dangerous . but the spirits watch over the travelers and the hurts came across safely and continue on. the

nomads ride their reindeers for 8 hours a day. they rarely take breaks. the water here, good. good. it's hewing. i'll show rate spring water. after 2 days of traveling, they reached their destination. a fully remote m, like in dense valley, that herders only recently discovered in one month 800 reindeer from 15 families have gathered here the

on this mountain slope at the edge of the forest. the duka built this log cabin and why she has a nice little house, but there's enough space for all of us. the man will spend winter in this 20 square meter cabin a good house, i'm young. duca, are turning away from the traditional nomadic lifestyle and instead or trying to build a life in the city, the lombard, towards the capital in the middle of the steps is home to one point. 5000000 residents, half of mongolia as population lives. here,

the poor districts made up of small houses in europe or on the outskirts no mans live here to look for work. the city center is growing a landscape shaped by modern buildings, glass towers, and traffic jams, the model. and the 19 year old duca student is discovering this new world. she moved here from the taiga 2 months ago to study of the the other stuff started last time as soon as i got here, but i wanted to go straight home just so i could hardly stand the noise and traffic jams. i'll have to have to look at the air is so dirty when i started getting pimples on my face from the air, the water. i don't know, i'm doing better. and what i'm doing and what i thought that the

model and doesn't want to be a reindeer herders. she's come here to pursue her goal of becoming a sports teacher. all sort of, i thought it was, i feel i need to study to get on the same level as other mongolian when she came to learn. but i told her she discovered consumerism. she had never seen such huge shopping centers before. inside there are displays of cosmetics, watches and luxury imports from the west, the and on bottled model and lives in accommodation for low income students. it's located in this building in the city center. she shares a dormitory with 5 other students, stating that this is my bed. this accommodation costs are the equivalent

of $20.00 euros a month to support the duca. the mongolian state pay the stipend to all adults regardless of whether they remain in the taiga or live in the city. as the mongolian state gives every adult about 70 years, every month, i use that money to buy food. the gosh to show us with the a steel, but it isn't enough for everything. i need your muscles like clothing and school supplies, despite the challenges model and doesn't regret her decision to move to the city. in fact, she hopes others will follow in her footsteps done a day or 2 and good. the children and young adults and the tiger should come here

to receive the same education as the people and bachelor to stay with needs, which i don't think you forget your home or native language when you study here and source that it can be so much without school and university, i can be the people of the taiga into children will be an educated and cut off from the world and good team and dished the model. and we'll wrap up her studies in the next 4 years. she told us she doesn't want to return to life and attend and the tiger. but she is the exception to. despite the encroaching modern world, most young duco want to continue living the way their ancestors did. as the guardians of the last reindeer in mongolia, the

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