the, the, the, we are in the far north of mongolia. it's an icy and rugged region tucked away from

the rest of the world. the climate here is extreme. temperatures can plunge to minus 45 degrees celsius in winter. this is the home land of the duca known as sandtown and mongolian there among the last nomadic people in the world to travel on reindeer away and shut up, or on their way to see their brother who lives high up in the mountains to reach him. they must cross this vast, frozen lake. the this way is shorter the ice beneath them is continuously expanding and contracting over the course of the day. that makes making strange sounds. don't worry, the ice won't break if it's at least 3 fingers that are the

reindeer board accustom to walking on snow. this crossing proves to be quite the challenge of the 2 men had been traversing the snow, covered mountains and passes for 2 days. now their brother lives completely isolated in the heart of the tiger. he lives in this traditional 10 similar to a t p. luke is 30 years old. this is where he and his family spend winters. his wife is named who loves and they have 3 children. gone out, it's 6 years old. his sister and sula is 3. and the youngest is one. luke and his family are no meds. and keeping with the traditional live style of the

duca, they live in a tent without modern amenities. they use a stove for heating and cooking. here's your hat. the family cook eats and sleeps in these 10 square meters. the lawn shows us how they keep everything sorted, all needing to this is the shelf where we start. all our kitchen utensils is this is where we keep our flower. these are, there are the children saddles and some blinking is missed here in the middle. we have more blanket time stuff and that's where we came across those and the mattresses and phones. and by the way, keep ourselves organized, paying that

the duca a reindeer herders. so luke cares for 40 animals. the duka cultivate a special relationship to their reindeer. who luke and his family are among the last of the duca. and mongolia, there are just 200 people still living this way, largely removed from the modern world. their traditional way of life is being threatened is now more than ever. the paducah live in the far north of the country right on the border of russia. this vast and remote region is notoriously difficult to access. the seclusion from the rest of the world has enabled us nomadic people to preserve their traditions. originally from the land of siberia, the duka follow the same customs their ancestors did centuries ago. in summer in winter, they ventured across the tide, go with their herds, searching for the like and that sustains their animals.

the duka are a small group to avoid marrying a blood relative. the young man are encouraged to look for a wife outside their own community. but in summer, duke, a man and woman will be wed. remarkable occasion in the 1st such wedding and many years prosper us with a launch had become the parents to many children. but all their traditions are at risk of disappearing. and technology is making its way into the tents. 8 0 6 it's difficult to shut out all the temptations of the modern world model. and what do you have a 12 charger for a cell phone? and there's the issue of schooling. for the past 15 years,

the mongolian state has require duka children to attend school from the age of 7. this law means families are separated for entire winters, almost at the opposite end of the step. a whole other great. this is the capital of mongolia. lawn bottled with its bustling streets and modern buildings. the 19 year old, my loan is duca. she left her family home to study here the even though i'm from the tiger, i can be successful. over the course of a year, we gained an inside look into the day to day lives of many duca families, rare insights into the centuries old traditions and customs of an indigenous people in a world that's on the precipice of being lost the

noon to reach the duka, we traveled more than 1000 kilometers across the stem. we drove for 3 days on treacherous trails. we journeyed over rivers and bridges that our driver was not always so keen to cross the way to me. on the other side, the for hours and hours we rode without encountering a single traveler. there were neither road signs nor telephone reception the we cross one final bridge and then reach saga nor the

this is the northern most village in mongolia. the homes are sprawled across the shore of this vast lake. about 1200 people lived here. it's the gateway to the world of the duca the beyond the village, the roads become even more difficult to navigate by car. we get out of our vehicle and venture forward on horseback. the mongolian riders help us scale the steep mountains and reach our destination.

this valley and an altitude of 2000 meters is where the duca spend their summers. they live in tents and small groups. the camps are spread out across a few kilometers the . each family has its own heard of reindeer. some 2000 animals are in the valley every summer the. the duca spend 4 months here. from june to september. this is a time to recuperate before the long winter i had the fund mark saw and all share what haven't anything but a quiet summer. their eldest daughter has told them she wants to get married

the this morning. the parents are expecting a visitor. the best man of their potential son in law is coming to extend a formal proposal. the father, microsoft does not seem altogether enthused. we're waiting for the people who are asking for my daughter's hand in marriage. and we said that, you know, when your answer will be shown to you at the groomsmen have arrived or shay the mother of the hopeful bride to be as inside the tent looking rather reserved to the best man. as wearing a red deal, a traditional mongolian garment that he must present a blue scar symbolizing the internal sky. if the father takes the scarf,

it signals the marriage proposal has been formerly accepted. the best man stands up to start his speech. but in the very same moment, the parents of the hopeful bride get up to leap. i know some good morning to all those gathered here. the best man launches into a speech. thank you for being here. we will now be getting the ceremony of asking for the bright hand in marriage. he's so nervous that he doesn't realize her parents have left. it is not here. the tradition dictates that one's the best man has initiated the ceremony. he's not allowed to sit down again until it's concluded. where are they? the 15

minutes later, the parents are turn dressed in their finest garments. and they've been trying to send a message most of the time to leave just as i started out, i am because you guys know. all right, let's say fast. do we still have to work? i didn't come from, you know, i came to give you the scar from exxon. it's a matter of pride and honor. i assure you that your daughter will be marrying a man from a good family. agatha is trying to stall as long as possible. the longer he deflects the more clear it becomes just how cherished his daughter is but had left with his wife and the father accept this car

for the year by approve the marriage of my strong willed daughter. the best man can finally brita sigh of relief and enjoy a glass of vodka. for the man in the valley, the real work has only just begun. a few days later. i'm gonna tomorrow, do you have a pencil? here's, here's what everyone has gathered today to build furniture for the future newly weds. where'd you learn this yourself dear? we told her sounds on our own. we do what seems right to us. the

groom is also helping bills. at 20 years old, he will be moving out of his family's tent for the 1st time. 50 on say is not taking part in the preparations. she gave birth a month ago. it's common among do got to have a child before getting married. the child is living proof of their commitment and loving bought the the wedding will take place in 2 weeks in accordance with the lunar calendar. the until then, life in the valley continues a few kilometers from the 10th of the brides and grooms parents as the camp of bo g . she's 42 years old and was born in the tiger. o g has spent her whole life here.

her days are guided by her religious traditions. every morning she makes tea for her family. while her children are still asleep, she performs action monic ritual. she offers the 1st t of the day to the spirits of the natural world and nature in all its goodness, protect us, but it's humans and animals. that's what we say when we also teach the skies above are the dates of animals, the duca, believe spirits inhabit nature and all living beings. they live in harmony alongside their reindeer animals. they especially cherish. and just like done on who bodies, husband, they consider it a great privilege to care for them. and then just take that we who are born and raised and the tiger are the guardians of

these mountains. and this beautiful nature reading here are we are in mongolia, we're using them as the most beautiful thing in the world. have the job. the not on who and body care for 100 range here summer in the or are said to even possess and magical powers and or a forwarded certain privileges. this one wears color full ribbons around his neck and is the only reindeer allowed to enter the family 10th. he is their reindeer showman. this rain diary se printing fast plus for it slips within him. the engine visibility protects the hood and his can take a from illness and many other things.

stanley spirit lives inside the reindeer. this a table wasn't tough. yes. the spurious of one of our intestines. well, she's 10 additional minutes help us choose the rainy day. during the sherman's guide, us to t n t gives us the wild o g is a close observer of duca traditions. she has also begun to incorporate some modern inventions into her life. the pride decide their home. there's a curious yellow tent with a make shift antenna. it is the family's telephone tent. 8 their. 9 body can call her eldest daughter, who lives in the village. hello, did you sleep well, did you want good? yes, fine. a. today, beau g doesn't have much time to spare. she's taking part in the wedding

preparations. let's get into the account of this for attendance as well. before every wedding we say one for the couple all the women in the valley gathered to take part. they brought out their old mechanical sewing machines for the occasion. machines from generations ago carefully maintained the visit working yes, but it makes the noise to the well it probably sure go ahead running about i'm now a bit more but not too much. we bought 100 meters to to can you? i hope that's enough. the women need to work quickly because the wedding ceremony will take place in the very tent they're selling. that is if the reindeer

leaves them enough material. the 6 days later, the wedding day has finally arrived. the bride and groom and their wedding party ride over on the white horses. white is a lucky color that symbolizes the purity of their union. the couple is dressed all in purple. they're expecting $100.00 guests at their wedding. the can i forget them? before entering the tent, the bride and groom must circle it 3 times, distributing reindeer milk, all the while. and this ensures their prosperity and abundance that, that that was 3 times. that's enough.

inside the guests sit on the floor to eat and drink. the parents are seated at a special table arranged for the occasion in the back of the most sacred part of the 10th the young couple hardly utter a word. they are feeling shy and emotional. the father of the groom gifts, the couple of leather lasso which should bring good luck to use this last so to casual mount. then antonio, attend with it, grow prosper us with a launch had become the parents to many children. the the, the no man spend all summer in this high valley where there's plenty of food for the reindeer. but when winter rolls around, everything changes for the new cap,

the as soon as the 1st snow falls, the duke and bring their reindeer further north into the mountains. there they can find the lichen to nourish their hurts. we meet luke and his family again. they are living here fully isolated in the middle of the woods, with their small children, far from emergency medical services. they'll spend 6 months in this remote wilderness, which they share with wolves, and bears the, at the age of 6. and 3 donna and sue lot are already pitching in with the housework

how soon had it when the snow melts, but it becomes water. i see. yeah. that's why i'm connecting it. could you tell me? do you want to try 5. yeah, that's great. i wouldn't be able to carry that the children have divided up a tour gonna does the heavy lifting to 10 zoo last starts to prepare the t.

yeah. the snow is no there. for luke and long slaughter, only one or 2 reindeer every year to week. they don't breed them to eat them, but they do drink their milk and large quantities of food. the 20 or milk is more nourishing and then a small meal for you. use the tub. kenzie di lawn has named each one of the range here. hold on to us, so you kind of to use their all the same but you have to but to us each one is different. we should have ordered just like humans. they all have their own distinct characteristics. yes, i mean throughout i man this is literally reindeer. this one is mind

in winter temperatures range between minus 10 and minus 45 degrees celsius. despite the extreme conditions for children spend the most of their time outdoors and they loved caring for the reindeer. yes. a man. i'm tying them up in the middle of the tiger. there's a small wood. it's home to one of the most formidable members of the community. since 66 is 61 years old. as a showman, she's able to communicate with spirits. the name of this tree is always green. that's why it's a sacred place. it's a sign that

a powerful spirit lives in it. only as sherman may hang ribbons of honor on its branches. the duke of people believe spirits exist in every being. since 66 facilitates a link between humans and the invisible world. she's one of the communities, 3 summons the few questions a lot. i became a showman when i was 37 years old. that is what you tell him, cause a spirit. and this guy moved inside me, he sometimes my feet and i sense thing. i every kid in chicago in summer she lives in a tent and in winter she lives in this hot with her daughter who manages the household the duca. come

to this hot to seek counsel from the shop and how he feels that people come to me with questions on how they, how they tell me when things are bad. how, what kind of all the colors to that once a month, she must contact the spirits so they can relay their messages. if she fails to do so, the spirits may seek retribution by attacking her for her family. time drawing my drum. this drum symbolizes a horse one that allows her to gallop through the spirit world. since exec needs to dawn, special garments the spirits will possess her body and see the world through her eyes. the

best long coat is worn as protective armour. evil spirits could try to attack or even kill her on her journey. before every ceremony, her daughter burns juniper. the child didn't provide strength and cleanses everything. the the showman summons the spirits falling deeper and deeper into a trance. she no longer feels pain of the now has happened.

the spirits have taken over her body. they convey their messages through 766, and an unknown language. the she remains in the trance for 2 hours the fence suddenly everything steals. the showman is completely exhausted. the spirit has spoken the info.

that's all she says. the spirits have given her other messages, she must deliver them personally to the recipients. the traditions define what it means to be duca. he wants everything to remain as it is . he wants his son to live in freedom, but the duca are no longer living in isolation. the outside world is encroaching more and more the for around the past decade, the mongolian government has mandated that no matter the children attend school from the age of 7. next winter gone,

i will move with his mother to it. so i got newer, the only village and the region that has a school as the family will be forced to separate. the law knows that her family's nomadic life will never be the same from now on. she will spend every winter in the village with her 3 children far away from the tank of her husband and their reindeer. this is the dilemma facing the duka in order to give their children the state mandated education, they must sacrifice their traditional way of life. the located on the sweeping plains at the foot of the mountains as a wooden cabin built from tree trunks. outfitted with satellite dishes and solar panels and a marker of luxury in this region and off road vehicle. this is the winter home of

ford g to the woman who introduced us to her reindeer showman. her family's lifestyle in the winter months is quite different than what we saw in the summer. imagine in me. she lives here with her children. her husband spends the whole winter in the tiger looking after their reindeer. some gay is nearly 13. she's been going to school for 6 years. my pencil case. my compass. this is my english notebook. to finish, this is the ultimate goal in alphabet. overnight, the temperature plummets. the family wakes up to find the diesel has frozen in the van shim gaze. brothers try to warm it up with a blow torch. several hours of effort later,

the van finally moves about shim gay will be very, very late to school. the, the van races over the step, bumping along the pass, the drive to the village where the school is located. takes over 3 hours. it's 11 o'clock by the time some day finally arrives. the school director is waiting for her you and you just got to you? yes. or you in but um has been

the director of the school for 8 years. she is do cap and was born and raised in the tiger. there are $550.00 students at the school in total 70 of whom are duca. the there was instruction from elementary through high school as a stuffed reindeer was positioned with the schools for ya. when i sort of worked out the school as well, especially mongolian who was to because some of the students on do that sort of what to get a moment of that. that's why we have this the glendale that's the tv people. so if we want you to teach of a few thoughts about the culture, and like i said, bring to get her to the full day. but that's where the non tradition stops. the school has embrace the modern technology.

from the 1st grade, teachers are already integrating screens into their instruction. we've been using this tv for less than since last year. was exposed to into effect of words to the children, learn better behind the school as a brand new dormitory. the children lived here during the week and everything is free for the families. the mongolian state covers the cost in the interest that goes. so they live here in to the students sleep 6 to a room summer here, 5 days a week. others whose parents are away in the tiger. stay for months at a time. is this is do you prefer it here or at home?

i prefer the thing at home. i like to hear more. why? because the school is here. while the children attend school and their mother stay nearby, the village to come in are alone in the tank up. 0 the winter migration is a critical time for the duca. every year in late autumn, the nomads bring their reindeer to the far north. in the mountains, they traverse deep into the tiger to find areas that are dense with like in the

they need to ride over fast winter landscapes and across the treacherous rivers. they're constantly fearful that they're reindeer will be injured or even die on the journey. this is an alter, their goal is to thank the spirits for helping us across this river. both the white board detection and spring time. the developer is so high that it's impossible to cross george to win the favor of the spirits. it's customary to throw 3 stones on the altar of the combination of the fast current and the rocky floor. make the crossing dangerous. but the spirits watch over the travelers and the hurts came, crossed safely, and continue on the

the no man's right there reindeers for 8 hours a day. they rarely take breaks the water here, good and good. in it's healing of show rate, spring water and the after 2 days of traveling they reached their destination. a fully remote m, like in dense valley, that herders only recently discovered in one month 800 reindeer from 15 families have gathered here the

on this mountain slope at the edge of the forest. the duka built this log cabin and why she has a nice little house, but there's enough space for all of us. the men will spend winter in this 20 square meter cabin. so there are some young duka are turning away from the traditional nomadic lifestyle and instead or trying to build a life in the city, the milan bar towards the capital in the middle of the step is home to 1500000 residents, half of mongolia as population lives here. the poor districts made up of small

houses and yours are on the outskirts. no mans live here to look for work. the city center is growing. a landscape shaped by modern buildings, glass towers, and traffic jams, the model and the 19 year old duca student is discovering this new world. she moved here from the taiga 2 months ago to study of the the stuff started last time. as soon as i got here, but i wanted to go straight home just so i could hardly stand the noise and traffic jams ok to have to. it's the air is so dirty when i started getting pimples on my face from the air and the water. i don't know i'm doing better, so i don't understand why that that that's my question. the model and doesn't

want to be a reindeer herders. she's come here to pursue her goal of becoming a sports teacher. all sort of, i thought it was, i feel i need to study to get on the same level as other mongolian when she came to learn about taught, she discovered consumerism. she had never seen such huge shopping centers before. inside there are displays of cosmetics, watches and luxury imports from the west, the and on bottled model and lives and accommodation for low income students. it's located in this building in the city center. she shares a dormitory with 5 other students, stating that this is my bed. this accommodation costs are the equivalent

of $20.00 euros a month to support the duka. the mongolian state pay the stipend to all adults regardless of whether they remain in the taiga or live in the city. the mongolian state gives every adult about 70 years. every month. i use that money to buy food, d gosh, just watch the bus with p. c a. so that isn't enough for everything. i need to buy some light clothing and school supplies. and despite the challenges model and doesn't regret her decision to move to the city, in fact, she hopes others will follow in her footsteps done a day or 2 and get the baby for children and young adults and the tiger should come

here to receive the same education as the people, and that's why i have to stay with needs, which i don't thank you. forget your home or native language. when you study here and 4 sided, cindy should do much without school and university. i can be the people of the taiga instead of children, will be an educated and cut off from the world and good post team and dished the model. and we'll wrap up her studies in the next 4 years. she told us she doesn't want to return to life and attend and the tiger. but she is the exception. despite the encroaching modern world, most young duka wants to continue living the way their ancestors did. as the guardians of the last reindeer in mongolia, the

ice cold. how's it going to need? an expedition ventures on 2 places, but no one has good explosion. why is the ice melting more rapidly than in the ice fields unknown patagonia, a 30 minute d w. well, this is one of the way to speed thoughts in the world where behind all of these

music brides are bitter sway being culture and history. let's go the that wasn't exactly your own math. in 90 minutes on d w. the get ready for an exciting. i've been trying to look surprised. hi, irish. and i'm ready to dive into the hands of human to do you have you have a one dodge, so do you need before you come to the spot and unexpected side to side. enjoy the

. this is due to be news live from berlin. german police say 3 people were killed in an attack in the western city of resolving it. they say a man with a knife went on a rampage and a crowd of events and is still on the loose. will bring you the links also what our show. robert kennedy junior joins donald trump on stage of the arizona rally. longshot handed him earlier, dropped out of the race for the white house and endorse trunk for the presidency. and india's prime minister says he's willing to help in the war and ukraine arrange promoting makes his 1st business to more time keep the.