the good news of the forest produced oxygen stole water. i'm regulate the climate, but not enough of a surface is covered by trees. just 30 percent. many forest have been cleared to provide phone land on climate change is also causing problems for woodland droughts, killing trees, and encouraging wild fires. in places like canada rushed to greece, brazil. this time on the show, we take a deep dive into the forest on this future. welcome to the motor today november of 2023 and there's fire in the pond to now. 2 the flames devour trees in

the south american wetlands region. solange, u. k, to enter teams look on stricken as the inferno rate is out of control. they just finished a re forestry project here. so they would read them. could you play music? it took the planets life time to create the content now, and we're destroying it so quickly. it's terrible in the morning and the team was actually on the way to check up on one of their research fields. they were investigating whether the forest had started recovering from catastrophic fires 3 years ago, where there new trees were growing back. so i think that is as a guy, what if we had more trees, it would lower the temperatures here, guess from new trays can grow in their shade because there are no protective trees anymore. the young plants, dry owls throughout the last name of the climate change is heating up the ground and without cooling shade,

a new generation of trees isn't growing so long as you cater says, it's a punch in our a patient. it would be sick. you say who am in the river is my life. i've decided to dedicate my entire life to protecting it and this is and this the punch. so now in western brazil is the world's largest inland wetlands. it's a unesco world. heritage size. around half the size of germany, the bio diversity in the region is done in the species that inhabited have adapted to a dry season followed by flooding. and the rainy season water level is climb high above the rivers bags. and usa and george have always lived with this rhythm on the edge of the river during the floods, fish find plenty of food and reproduce. river residents,

both humans and animals live off that bounty all year round. but there are major changes on the horizon, and they're worried afford is slated for construction here for shipping cargo like soybeans and cattle. the sab county where there's money to be made, things happen. so unfortunately, that's just the way it is. interesting. brazil is the world's leading exporter of these, and us on quarter is proud to had one of the country's largest cattle farms for him using the river to promote businesses the right thing to do. after all, every country is looking for economic progress. it brings in foreign currency, which brings prosperity, and we're adding whatever cattle company land runs right up to the river,

access to a water route with slash transport costs. for farmers here, speeding up the time it takes products to reach pacific ports and ship to the huge lucrative chinese market models. what is the one to for? it opens up whole new perspectives. it's a sleeping tiger she goes and once it wakes up, everything will grow. and the answer to me see, can i see? solange, you kate, for years that more cattle and more so, i will mean more deforestation and more heat river levels are already alarmingly low. now they're digging to deepen it's channel, and it'll have to be dredged even more for a cargo ships to pass, but that will help natural flooding. she says, i pressure the moment if the river is dredge down the water will drain away like it can now put at the heart beat, the pulse of evan. flo will out here, but sometimes if we lose these wetlands, it will be a tragedy for brazil. and the whole world to one of the teen. then there are the

forest fires, the region. so more and november 2023 than any previous november on record. and due to and george are frightened, the flames are getting closer. sometimes they're just meters away. that is possible, just seeing all the birds, all the animals dying. so wonderful. and there's nothing you can do to start with a couple will simple depth assume my day breaks your heart. i want to talk with you is this bed and news that has been collecting seeds for so long as you k, to entertain for 3 years, enabling the scientists to replant important tropical trainings. today the fisher woman receives a sibling as a thank you. but only one thing can save the content now. yeah, well this reforestation on a massive scale reforestation projects

in the european union making strides forward. but at the same time, climate change is having this vi impact on existing tre populations. many spaces are unable to cope with the rising temperatures and per long droughts that are going more common by the, on the changes on totally affecting money as far as money coaches in germany, researches and experts of thinking about how to make the country as far as fit for the future in the densely wooded south west of germany and the state of rhineland lawson at almost 9 and 10 trees over hill forest are fleet please hang on . this has been monitoring the condition of the woods here for 30 years on schools is on. we're very worried about our for at all. so it's like a fever occurs when a fever rises. it doesn't mean a patient is dying about. it's an alarm signal, and we have to make sure it doesn't get worse, that we do everything we can to help the patient who is good. so where did the

experts take measurements? once a year later, they anglers and his colleagues look at the health of the trees and the same $167.00 locations. and 15 of them like in this national park, there's no longer anything to check and those who on so many of the points where we used to take measurements are now stripped to say here, there are no trees left. something we've never seen before in our, for us to condition survey is unprecedented. opportunities were very concerned that the stance have disappeared over such large areas and it's making itself balance. and we really noticed that in our sampling grad who of us the, the main problem is the bark beetle, which is spreading rapidly due to dry conditions. the insect has already killed many spruce, and many trees that still look healthy are already infested and will soon die.

although the tiny holes they make are barely visible, the beatles and their young drain trees of water. around 20 years ago, spruce is made up around a 3rd of all trees in ryan lunch. but a lot today, the red under 18 percent, a numbers continue to fall. the proportion of beach and oak is growing, but they're suffering too. so when is a tree considered sick experts to assess the condition of its crown and how dense its leaves grow? what do the leaves or needles look like? are they green or do they have brown spots? flu judge angle is can tell at a glance and appointment. there are individual trees that we've been observing for years, but which can survive unless something else bad comes a lot. like a bark beetle and disapproves or castles 7 fast. h as in dogs. if that doesn't

happen, well tree may well live for quite a few years and so that can also recover. a typical example for that as b o, which retains a high capacity for regeneration, even if it experiences heavy leave. well, i guess i see once i boom hot, but the forest here has been hit hard by dry spells in recent years, and pollution has also taken a toll nitrogen. and so for oxides enter this oil through precipitation. acid, rain and forest di back have been issues since the 19 eighties and it was on the acid rain so itself or dioxide cause the soil to grow acidic because i want a few alkaline elements and there are destroyed by those as well as the claim, minerals were 2 and the bases were washed down, making a bad situation. one is with the for shelves. what could the forest of the future look like here? douglas, far as now often planted instead of spruce. it was stands,

drought better grows quickly, and there's a market for its wood. but it says no single tree or solution can save the forest. us kind of almost look on every tree. species has some kind of problem, but some things are important. it's bundled, 1st you have to select species that are suitable for locations, ones that can cope with a soil and the climate. and then there's planting a mix of species because so you shouldn't plant as many trees as possible of all and ensure that there are at least 3 or 4 different species in the mac. swanson, for sweet place angles and others making german forests fit for the future will be an ongoing challenge in the years to come. in kenya, a lot of trees will cut down for charco production over the years. about reforestation projects are in full swing. an effort to replace some of what's been lost,

researches, rules and monitoring conditions and wooded areas without official intelligence. the relying on goods to supply them with key ecological information. samuel, good you is looking for birds. the ornithologist for kenya is national museums, pets to the field, which is useful tools, but not killers. finally, 2 deer and lots of patients. so white, proud grubbing chat. see it's, it's can have it color. yeah. but samuel is not just here for a walk in the woods, he's helping to collect data for the forest sensors. he looks for species that can

help identify threats to the eco system. today he hopes to find a bird called park lobster rock out. so, but it's like those uh for us, the dependent clause, the noun, rely on indigenous for assistance for the food and breathing and foraging areas. so when we lose speeches like the hot collab store, cool, we know that the for us health is in decline and may be, will indicate that we need to do something about that in terms of maybe reduced into free at around. so plant more indigenous fruiting trees in the area. but this data collection method takes a long time spectacle, the weaver, when that's calling. but when it comes to deciphering bird calls, even professionals make mistakes. luckily, a local university has developed a device that can help researchers like samuel ok,

so this is an acoustic sense. i'm not to be developed on this into for an adjustment. in addition diligence. all right, for i would do data collection. we the goal of 20000 ecosystems using so we have a solid name and do tags the by chance. mm hm. samuel is excited about this invention. he believes it can help him and his work the machine learning powers. the technology, as well as most artificial intelligence, recorded audio is converted into visualized data, which has been analyzed and used to teach the system to recognize bird calls and other acoustic markers. this data can be very useful when it comes to environmental decision making when it comes to equal systems such as forest uh, buds uh, good indicator of the forest health. hey,

i tools can help quickly determine whether a hardship you go systems need help. for example, in the form of reforestation like here where more than 30000 indigenous trees weren't planted and a habitat degraded by charcoal production and agricultural encroachment. the trees are monitored and tracked over time the but manual monitoring is time consuming. so this scientist uses a special tool and a high powered scenario scope. and we've got that dream. it is of trees. and it is possible for me to images to sort of acquired the depth of the points on the scene, you know, just know how far the points of how to the out of the ground, the inside thing. so it gives us sort of a 3 dimensional understanding of the scene in front of the coming of the software called tree vision. automatically measures tree height,

width and other features. the data collected can be used to project the amount of carbon that can be stored by a growing patch of forest, just like the designs for that file. acoustic microphone tree vision software is open source. so other researchers across africa and beyond can freely adapted to help keep ecosystems intact. the trees can be found practically everywhere on this, and they come in many different shapes and sizes. there's a huge range of species and scientists still have a long way to go to identify the mold of the mold and 73000 tree species that are thought to exist on estimated 9000 have yet to be discovered or described not so the bread and not treat it secrets for the long ago. columbia is tropical drive for us cuz home to many unique animals and plants,

a very special tree also grove is here level. it's a very, very important tree in the tropical dr. forest that provides food for burn, rodents, mammals and human ski wells is the grinding motto is also known as the tree of life. is the, this comes from the flower, the fruit of the client model of the tree. see your notes are highly nutritional and they, i mean they contain amino acids and proteins and they also have a lot of calcium. i mean, causative why motto is currently being re discovered by colombia is coming every 2nd. and that's helping with the reforestation of endangered woodlands. in lab and this giant tree is called pro, seen them other cos truck. but it has many names why a motto is also known as i'm on the home page. the bread notes for maya not treat.

it's thought that it's seeds played an important dietary role for the ancient maya . it's found in central america is dr. forest areas for colombians like heavy jose is a key to it's an old acquaintance. in any escalade in the a will make it, well, i've known it ever since i was a child to look at it when my grand father or took us home with him. he taught us a lot about that why motto is nutritional and physiological aspects. we children ate them, we harvested the nuts wild into forest and ate them raw or cooked. yes, they nourished us even as a child i knew many ways to prepare them. now i know that the tree has even more great properties and so it has even more value for me that the model of the wind model seeds are harvested with the help of the animals that live in and feed on the tree. it's considered an umbrella species,

as it contributes to the survival of numerous other species in the same habitat. the double 0, san francisco bags eat the pod that contains the not obviously you to say the pod. well, that's not the see. this was about to drop that along with some birds that are available . we gather them up from the ground and take them home. it's a wash and sort them and leave them to dry. after a few days, maybe $15.00 to $22.00 of them depending on the weather, seeds of dried fema is the sick. in the town of a v hoss in northern columbia, dwayne model receives from the month tasting by the are turned into flour and a processing plant set up by a colombian french and g o called envoy val. it's goal is to sustainably use non timber forest resources. so those that don't require filling trees. like the g y model receipts that that was the end of the thumb. here they're moved and shaken

because the seeds are covered by a skin, even after they've been dried completely. then they're processed further and roasted ground and packaged. we then send the end product to bo, go, tom. yeah, you can consume it as a super further than anything you want and you can put it in the mail in rice and sweets and bread and thousands of recipes just as you like me, nickel 2nd, to get us if from the jungle to the table. that's the motto at this gordon, a restaurant and the colombian capital chef on 20 larissa has discovered that why motto flower can be a versa tile ingredients and practically any dish with the quite a bit. that's a very universal products because it's a ground powder lab and plus you can use it as a kind of coating. for example, i find that today i mixed it with you to make the dough from my end panata. it's

very, very easy to use and it has a really special taste one that's unfamiliar dealing with our wi fi because it's almost never use this sort of despite the fact that it's silver's a tile static. because the flower can be used in many different way as well, particularly in the living which is monday. the 20 motto is very, ero matter with a smell similar to coffee sentiment, nutmeg, or chocolate. so it's ideal for ice cream is not it is. it's like a 2nd we've been in our ice cream recipe seems to emphasize the special flavor of the not playing today. instead, it helps us introduce it to people who may have no idea what, why model is better. so they get to know it for the 1st time. and then of course, that's the collaboration with a scientific community is important to ensure the guests appreciate the novel product. those are studios nutritional terms. the seems at the bread

no tree are really packed with healthy components. studies that have looked at that as well as anyone else who put forth the results show that it really is a kind of super for me. and we want to share that realization with everyone that meant that going to be to the point that they must at the alexander fund. humble, biological reason or says research institute and via then they have a monica florida. this is doing in depth to work on quite a model. she studies meds, tales and legends about the tree in indigenous communities, as well as it's nutritional value and many uses. the growing motto is a member of the motor see a family plans that are characterized by the fact that their lease produced a milky sap called latex dinner. but it's also think that it's on fiscal may say no . the plan also has some additional properties except for that, the latex can be used as an hour meant for some wounds. and let this,

i'm going to release out. it's also used to cleanse. the stomach rises, the less plants last weekend, and the restroom. why motto seedlings are used to treat your logical conditions and to purify the blood. so i'm going to get to the phone today. over 40 percent of the seed by weight is protein. it also contains a lot of iron and healthy omega fatty acid. this gives a great potential as a products that can help ensure food security. also a lot more flat one stone. the single tree can bear a lot of fruit and one caesar. this is a play you can even substituted for me or other proteins. ok. and it can be a food source for a very large population. a single tree can feed a lot of people into for me, therefore, it's a super food. the problem is yes. that'd be meant. the seeds are not only strengthening the economy in rural areas like a very high us, but also highlighting the importance of columbia is tropical dry forest. and he

goes system under threat from agriculture and live stock farming. via norm is roots of declining moto tree grow very deep, so it's resistant to both drought and fire making it an ally in the fight against mel nutrition in an era of climate change. if our blood is red, why are ok now it's your 10 go to science question, then send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise. it's a thank you. so go on, just ask this question came from you'd be in gun in the why is the length of a year different on every planet a. ready minutes orbit our song and they do so in more or less elliptical order.

most places on earth we experience a year through the course of this. only around the equator does whether remain largely the same all year round. and astronaut nicole terms a year is the period of time it takes for a planet to complete a single orbit around the song on earth. that's 365 terrestrial days. this has to do with our distance from the sun. it's so far away that our planet has to travel 940000000 kilometers to complete one orbit. vast in size compared to the planets, the sun exerts enormous gravity to remain in a stable orbit. the earth must circle it at a very specific speed. 30 kilometers per 2nd. if our planet moved any slower, it would get closer to our star, the if it went faster,

it would drift further and further away. the duration of the year therefore, depends on how far away from the sun planet orbit as well as its speed. the closest of the day to the sun is mercury. it's orbit as much smaller than that of ours. but because it's so close the set to the sun's gravity are greater, their mercury must orbit the sun faster to stay on track. it therefore covers less distance at a higher speed. a year on mercury only lasts $88.00 or states the farther away a planet is from the sun, the longer its orbit and a slower speed. it might sound hard to believe, but a year on the outermost planet net to last for almost $165.00 of hard years honors the tools for this time around. but we look

forward to seeing you again sometime soon on tomorrow or today. bye for now. the

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