the company of wales, the remotes of asian conservation, september. the 2 are all full then. what did they look like? how did our ancestors live? what did they eat? researches can now glean information from even tiny fragments it, boom. dna sequencing an artificial intelligence, have grown as important to the discipline as shovels and brushes. the join us on a trip to an archaeological dig in southern front, which is especially rich and where your story excites that 9 more this time around on dw science. so welcome to tomorrow. today is a bit eclipse to heads up an archaeological digs for the university of ordo,

looking for traces left behind. finding yonder towels, and anatomically modern humans like stone tools, teeth and bones that have been buried for over 40000 years. often just administer fuel fragments. we are recording everything as a very small level and what is super important as to have the special organization of all the fragments to record the positions of the fines. the researchers use tried and tested land surveying methods but say delete provide has another, a separate slave photo cram x ray. they see a piece, they call it, we establish the top a graphical context for each find one. in other words, we map it's exact location and create a 3 d model for each excavated layer. so there's a way to do this. i photographed the excavation from different angles listen to the

computer, recognizes the marker points to so it can link the individual images together correctly. to create a detailed spatial image, we call this photo gramma tray, what do i get? the secret looks like a high resolution allows us to check retrospectively whether to find really war and exactly the same layer. and therefore from the same periods you can even see what the settlement was like. the face, the photo grama tree archaeologist, can precisely determine the spatial relationship between individual objects found and the dig, especially under seconds as it gets a useful tool that allows the excavation to be documented to layer by layer digital, late and shared with researchers all over the world photos of individual fines are linked and can be viewed from any angle. the relative position of a find is important because the archaeologists are trying to discover any connections between the objects. they are a nurse like inspectors at

a crime scene. and the end, however, to carry out a more detailed analysis defines, has to be removed from the ground. each artifact is carefully retrieved, provisionally identified, measured, given an individual id code and stored for later examinations. we are basically recording anything that is more than to send to matter, even if we don't know yet what it is under the field. and we take back the that, that be an arrow to a and receive that up to 2 minutes or so. anything that is more than 2 minutes or will it be stalled and we'd be studying this means even the soil that's been painstakingly scraped away is initially kept important. fines might still be hidden in buckets like these, broken into fragments that have to be sifted out. and reassembled after hours of painstaking work. it's

a laborious process that takes the team at least as long as the excavation itself, distinguishing special fines from the stones that occur naturally in the area takes care patients and a sharp. i say land who g from california state university in northridge helps volunteers differentiate between what's worth while and what's waste. she has a finely trained di to distinguish a don't from so rock. we would look at that weight there, texture, the meaning you have to leave it between your fingers and whether you, we could noise some particular features that helps you identify a particular bone as opposed to just a piece of stone. but in some cases these criteria still don't clear things up, then a lender will j. it has a special trick. i personally i actually

use a lot my front teeth. and if you just do this, if you're gonna have a more meaningful sounds, if it is a piece of stone, and if it is a bone, your goodness, here, deep or sound, that is not gonna clean as much as when it is a rug. and sometimes when they are a visually difficult to differentiate, we tend to do this and people who just go by things that where if you see this a fragment turns out to be bone. the next question is, of course, what animal did it come from? is the sliver from a human from what part of the scale was a very difficult questions when you don't have much to go on. but for the scientist,

stafford is worth it. we went through all the collection that were collected by false when the back, within these positives and positives of fragment, we managed to identify a human remains that were not recognized at such during live excavation. and there is one good reason why that does not recognize that it was because it was apparent that all remains from the end of that. so it's extremely difficult to identify and they were labeled as small moves. so there are 2 additional me, anytime individuals that were phone afterwards, through the reassessment of the collection in this side, archaeology therefore requires an important skill and ability to put together puzzles, sometimes from tiny pieces, sometimes from larger ones. it took a lot of patience and expertise to reassemble this goal of this neanderthal woman

and even reconstruct her face. but doing so helps give us unparalleled glimpses into the past. the archaeologist also regularly discovered complete skeletons on human remains in mexico city, around 500 years old. the buttons that belong to the aspect people whose culture was destroyed by spanish quinn, pistols, early 16th century. today, many mexicans all passionate about keeping the memory of them. indigenous ancestors alive on research deeds have virtually reconstructed the empire as ancient capital . 10 notes to done the legendary aztec capital was located on the side of what is today. mexico city. one of the modern world's largest urban conglomeration, and around 500 years ago as tech,

temples and palaces stood here with the help of new research projects, archaeologists, historians, and even programmers are now able to draw an increasingly accurate picture of the ancient aztec city, tennessee. now this is sometimes called the defenders of the american house, which is, i would say kind of, i mean, so through the say, the biggest things we've done with so much bigger than that, modern technology is teaching us more about the as techs, talent for organization. and invention, what can we still learn from them today? mexico city, the capital of mexico. this is where researchers are looking for traces of the aztec empire's former capital. federal eco never gets a works as a historian and anthropologist at the national economists, university of mexico, where he specializes in indigenous studies. he describes what happened to $10.00 to

$10.00 during the spanish conquest. last year i didn't see the left with the city was almost completely destroy. it was torn down house by house building by building fatal. what a few years later, the spanish decided to resettle in the same region different and build what is now mexico city, on the old city, attached to it on see my been on the west. got it and it's due to the ruins of tenants. cheap land are therefore hidden beneath today's metropolis. that makes it very difficult to find out more about the aztec capital. what did it's houses, canals and squares look like. scientists have long, puzzled, over those and other questions. now, computer specialists are helping solve the mysteries. thomas ford's near amsterdam and the netherlands where video game design or thomas color lives and works. he's also created highly detailed models of tenants to my imagination. there's lots of goods i'm, i need to see things in order to understand them. and so when i started looking for images of dental, she's on,

i couldn't find them and i couldn't kind of find anything that satisfied my my understanding of, of what the city would look like. and you know, i had the time i had the technical expertise and so i thought i would just try coal begin analyzing historical documents and studies. he asked mexican scientists for help and got feedback from historians archaeologist sent other designers. but the process was far from simple. first idea was that you could take the camera all the way down into every city streets. and when i put everything into place and i, i put like i, i took like a, a for the model of a person and i put them in the scene. i thought, oh my god, this place is enormous and is so so, so big that immediately became a problem. and the whole idea of a going down them to like, like urban level is completely went out of the window and i kept it to this drone type a ariel schultz step by step code created a digital model of cannot steep learn,

can use the free open source software blender. so anyone with graphic scales can build on his work. i could grade these rules why i would say, okay, a square, that's my starting point. a square might be a 100 by 100 meters and it says hours, it's only it's in threes and canals and that sort of stuff and it just kind of populates it for me. and if i, if i find out that the, the layouts have to change. i can just question and push them, pull them, and everything works out. according to dutch, programmer caught the spirit of the as tech city, with its sophisticated network of streets and canals standing out in the center, the pyramid shaped temp row my are along with other palaces and temples. individual districts are arranged around it, each with a school, a local administrative center, a market at a place of worship, with up to $400000.00 inhabitants and its heyday around a year 1500 tenants. cheetham was one of the largest capitals in the world. if you

zoom out further, you'll notice that the aztecs built their capital in the middle of a late 2 famous volcanoes, purple catch up fatalities, to see what the tower in the background of all places wider, diaz text, choose to build the city here on the lake. with volcanoes nearby in the middle of an earthquake. so the answer is hidden in mexico's modern coat of arms. and i look on this in using this place involved a miracle deals with their patron gods named which in a post today who with a company, diaz tech, on their travels the tier to them in the form of an eagle and the landed on a prickly pear cactus that grew out of a stone. those is the vision of the eagle sitting on the account to solve the stone . i was interpreted by diaz tech because aside from the god loving the fuel enabled them to found their city of touch, deep none, few of us and make you put in a building on a lake means dealing with a caprices of water about with help from

a clever system of dikes, canals and solution is, diaz tex managed to keep their city dry. they harness the water to grow grains and vegetables, and created floating gardens, known as to none, 1st from tree trunks and clay south to their conquests to the spanish drains the lake and destroyed most of the aztec built water systems. one of their structures is still visible. today on the hills of chip, with the peck springs here supplied inhabitants with drinking water by a knock. what ducked every muscle a lot. what people, the water that flowed and shepherd to peg also allow them to build different paths . infinity is that what we see today? our modern versions of the baths or pools are places where you could go into the water again. i squared vegetation could grow in great splendor. that is wonderful. the said, let us get this soon and have them done. if you zoom out and take a birds eye view of mexico city even today, the traces of 10 arch tape land are clearly visible and get these these,

in some cases, nothing quite cool overlaps between, between the cities. even though a lot of it has been destroyed and what happens quite often in, in history, easy to is and see if he's all over the place is that the major road stay the same . because a city usually is north, replace the neighborhood by neighborhoods. but the house, my house, and when you replace one house with a new one or 5 houses with one new house, and the infrastructure kind of stays the same. the as tex, urban planning, especially the smart ways they used the water still inspires today's city planners, bro, attempted using the landscape but also building artificial islands and artificial gardens is very good for water regulation for the 2 numbers in particular had channels through which water could flow because they were made of layers of clay, they could absorb lots of water as well. yeah, that's a few minute things to codes projects. we now have a more accurate picture of tenants to done and it's inhabitants to despise all the

problems with earthquakes, with different kind of get safety with the altitude. there was a very fertile play select and you could grow a lot of crops there because of the soil. you had the league of eric and i've always providing water and i think it shows over everything. human ingenuity, no matter are your technological advancements or your science. you know, humans are smarts and when they have a problem, they will try to solve it. and they really do so new research and technology are providing access to ancient knowledge. when the aztecs arrived in the area in the 14th century, they found a mysterious ruined sitting in the future capital that had been abundant centuries before they viewed the science as a place of men called it, t o t y con. which in that language meant the play, sweat got swivel, and the name still lives on today in the center of the room and city is the huge

parent made up, the son of his edge. the parent met at the me, both celestial bodies play a central role in as technology, as they do in this view, a question from tow mirrors in brazil the why don't the moon and the sun fall to earth. gravity keeps us on the ground. the more mass of body has more gravity it exerts, but the effect decreases with distance. however, gravity can be overcome. santa carousel, the faster you spin, the stronger the centrifugal force. it can counteract the force of gravity, the satellites and the international space station orbit. the earth so quickly that there centrifugal force almost completely cancels out the effective or as gravity. when the 2 forces are balance, an object enters

a stable orbit. the celestial bodies within our solar system are also constantly in motion. the planets rotate around the sun, the balance between the gravity our star exerts and their centrifugal force keeps the planets and stable orbits. planet earth hers through space at 30 kilometers a 2nd. at this speed, the earth strikes at perfect balance between the gravitational force exerted by the sun and the centrifugal force, flinging it out and the way the moon is and stationary either in a similar way its speed keeps it from falling to earth and the arts, gravity keeps it from escaping orbit. as it exerts that huge gravitational force that keeps all the planets of our solar system in orbit. our son is itself and orbit around the center of our galaxy, the milky way. moving at 220 kilometers per 2nd. nothing in the universe

stand still. let us read. why do you have a science question? flores send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer it in the show, you'll receive a little surprise this a thank you. so go on just task. where were you sitting while you watched tomorrow and today, maybe in a climate controlled room? well, you're not the only one as temperature as rise around the world. more and more people on demanding air conditioning. and as you probably know, they can be real energy does less. so air conditioners play a significant role in global warming. can we change the pilot on take a look at these buildings for thoughts and singapore, and even new delhi new york and hong kong. noticed anything in these parts of the world life without air conditioning can be uncomfortable or downright dangerous. more than a dozen people have died and in, during the past 2 months, due to

a severe heat wave. 5th, waste waste heat. wait. but that brings us to our dilemma. the technology needs lots of energy. in fact, cooling, building accounts for 10 percent of our global electricity consumption. and that's bad news for global warming. but there are solutions, some traditional, some modern don't eat up the massive amounts of energy. so can they help us break out of the special circle? the, the story behind this conundrum begins in new york city in 1982. that's where the engineer will as carrier, leave the foundations for the modern air conditioner. he designed an engine to control the humidity and a printing plan because it was working the paper. nowadays, americans are still some of the most prolific users globally 90 percent of us households on an air conditioner and some of the hardest parts of the roof. it's not even 10 percent. but other countries want to catch up. just look how much more

energy some of these emerging economies are projected to use in the coming decades to cool the homes and buildings. this is 2016 and this is 2050. if you see in the air conditioning market, it is growing and other visits on good clunky is working to open up the global market for high efficiency. air conditioners in the us population is growing, is getting even more of like a but also a large portion of the indian population as part of the nice thing is moving to cities. and all that together wants to do it is to a huge to demand flooded conditioners because of trends like these global energy demand for space cooling is projected to triple by 20. 50. the question is how to meet the soaring demand without exacerbating the heat? because and much of the world, the energy because when technology is powered by fossil fuels, these limit lots of greenhouse gases, which made to add the scanner hotter. and nowadays is use have refrigerants running

through their coils to absorb heat from the warm air. some of them are literally greenhouse gases. you don't want those leaking out of your unit on top of that air conditioners, cool indoors basis, by pushing out the heat, dep refrigerants absorb. that means they make the immediate surroundings hotter to, and people who can't afford to suffer most from that. so you go to 3 for the effect as a result of air conditioning on that musket and be able to reduce it down to either efficient, holding or to cooling without air conditioning is really a smart solution to get that this is preceded by the an expert in passive solar design, he says there are 3 steps to collect sustainability at. first, we need to reduce heat at a city wide scale. you may have heard of the urban heat island effect. it's when the urban areas like these get warmer than the surroundings, because all of this concrete absorbs and retain seat, creating more spaces with shady trees and other plants less than a specific. like here in berlin. and minimizing heat, expelled by cars,

also makes a difference. the next step is designing buildings that aren't as reliant on air conditioners. and this is where we can really learn from traditional architecture before technology or keep the runs awards phone solutions to, to show by the preferred chunk of, of done leads bio climatic architecture projects. and countries like vietnam and more attain yet. that means that designs take local climates into accounts. some modern buildings are already doing as such as the university which uses when towers to keep its buildings cool. this method has been used in iran and other middle eastern countries for centuries. the so called wind captures are designed to trap fresh air and directed indoors. the hot air gets pushed out. you may also have noticed that houses in hot climates are from light. some countries like india are bringing back this approach by painting grooves with line based whitewash,

which absorbs less heat. this can reduce indoor temperatures by 2 to 5 degrees celsius. knowing the wind direction is important to design openings that encourage cross ventilation. other features that can help save off heat or shading devices to keep the facade cool. and insulation prevents heat from traveling through your roof . for example. issues may still need to be used sometimes, but to a much lesser extent. the problem in many countries going to a construction boom, new buildings often look like this. but it does tend to bid them with floor to ceiling glass and the backs of your glove problems because every time you put a glass into a building, you've done it basically into a hot box. it's like a solid rock. okay, architects and engineers say this, acetic is popular because it's perceived this week, modern and left a natural life. changing that would require more rigorous building regulations around energy efficiency and a massive cultural shift to actually get them enforced on the ground. another big

obstacle is that this approach tackles new construction. so what about all the old, badly insulated buildings that already exist? this takes us to the next solution, more efficient air conditioning because there is no technological reasoning for a seas to use as much energy as many commercial models do now. but what if we thought about efficient mechanical cooling on a much larger scale? a system like this is already functioning and singapore here and underground air conditioner touted as the largest in the world quotes residential buildings back eggs falls and this iconic hotel. the technology is called district cooling and it can save up to 50 percent on energy and emissions. that's because having one big plant cooling an entire district makes it super efficient. the water is chill. 25 meters below the ground before its pipes across different buildings. cities like toronto, paris and hong kong have already taken on the colossal task of cooling,

thousands of buildings with one system. in some cases, district cooling makes use of networks that already exist. most of the system and parents runs through the cities to which network. but for the most part, district cooling is better suited for new constructions. for example, i would gerad international finance, tech city, also known as gift city buildings and you hyper dense engine district. developers had a blank canvas to implement any cooling solution they wanted their choice. district cooling because it's more efficient and cheaper to maintain this may sound utopian, but like all other solutions, it requires lots of upfront capital, no have, and of course awareness. the good news is cooling doesn't always have to look like this. but if we don't move and we're sustainable directions, fast enough, we risk thing trapped in a solution that is actually part of the problem. something to think about, even if it also sends shit is daniel spine. that's all for now. thanks for joining

us and see you next time onto morris today. by the the, the, the

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you're watching dw, now who's coming to live from berlin? dozens, dad, and one of the worst attacks on you frame since the start of the war president. so once he says to russian ballistic missiles hit a hospital and a college injury scores more, we will bring you the latest from out of correspondence. and keith, also ahead on the show, lot of your approach and shrugs off an international arrest warrant to visit mongolia. ukraine, and the european union criticize the mongolian government for rolling out the red carpet for the russian leader. and a dozen migrants instead after an overcrowded boat brits a part.