as the films went to the q, have you as a one the front porch? via including best deposits, response, and unexpected side supplies. the ancient pyramids of the maya, what time piece is made of stone. the massive temples except the movements of the sun forming a precise the calendar. this method of american civilization was very advanced in astronomy. how did the maya noise so much? to move coming up from the dw science. i welcome to you tomorrow it today. since time immemorial the night sky, whose fascinated humanity even today, we still look up with in our quest to understand the origin or future of our world . technological progress has changed. our understanding of the things we see,

the sky is no longer the stick on and yet we're still influenced by the discoveries of the ancient civilizations. like the maya of central america, they left a unique legacy in the shape of this mysterious document compiled by my and astronomers. what could it still kind of today the, the sophisticated hieroglyphics reveal the accumulated knowledge of the maya. when will the next solar eclipse take place? when will venus appear as a morning star? experts around the world are still in or if the ticket has calculations of the maya basic. so imagine it's amazing that they were able to produce these calculations thousands of years ago. they say, i don't know why, but they do this. how could they do it if they didn't have computers, it don't scope the my end the day. so until $1492.00, i know the maya, well,

way ahead of the europeans and mathematics and, and astronomy to 4 hours. it's not clear how the document made its way to your whether it was looted by that colonialist full cost of unofficial gift. but still the subjective research, what's clear is that the documents ended up and dressed in germany. and it still here today, stored at the substance data and the university library. it's one of just for authentic my encoder sees known to us worldwide research as like carlos by john. joy had helped us understand the document known as the address didn't codex deciphering it has a change. the way we see my and coaches, and because he says it doesn't sound like the dress them co next has greatly enriched our understanding of my and the thought of the religion astronomy on hard mcclintic. it's funds $39.00 pages written on both sides. the 3 and

a half meter long document served as a pocketbook for religious rituals left on the ceiling. okay, today we assume that the tables on eclipses. we used to give warning about when a sign up. more lunar eclipse was due. the people were very afraid of these events . this event event goes with the measles really about religion. knowing the proper time to make an offering to the gods, it might have to do with the cure of a disease. a safe, healthy birth to a good problem to the maya were obsessed with calculating on and pointing the right time to do things. they were able to calculate a precise date way in advance and was a full time. a big advantage for them was that they recognize the importance of a 0 and a new account via because to 0, which we can see here very nicely from the sign in here in red between the black

digits. thoughts enables us to calculate long periods of time on the location in con, very long periods of time, even up to our modern day. one example, the total solar eclipse of $8202.00 full could have been predicted just using the dressed in codex. which a very regulatory reviewing experience to see darkness in the middle of the day. and you might feel an identity with these people. the ancient maya, who would look up to the gods and say, where can i bring an offering? sp, inside, like a state, believed the cosmic old and could be broken, hold on them. it's 5 rituals. one not upset, of course, incorporating yeah. okay. but on that same is to say v for this is the symbol of the sun and the dog. this is the eclipse you stuck with. good hands on this. the last you'll find on here, we have a substance wanted and so there was a fear for the sun with never rise again. so it is

a global sort of thing. the assignment of the sun could be disrupted whole, meaning it wouldn't go down to the underworld or i'm re a kid the next day, i guess. again, the prospect of never ending 9th was great. the see it find the maya. that's why they was so keen to be able to predict eclipses observing the sky was not driven by scientific interest, but by a desire to appease the goats, they were terribly motivated to find out the path of toe to ality. the geometry of eclipses a discuss. so the messa american coaches have to have scientific goals. they asked them to see i in order to have a reliable, kind of dressed in code x coming to shows how science and religion went hand in hand. not something we see happening much today, but we can all relate to that desire to understand what's happening around us in the company. the end result is that people develop their own understanding of their

lives on the cost models. yet, getting to this point on this interest in knowing about the past shouldn't just be driven by curiosity. but a vital need, the better we understand the past, the more solid, the foundation will be the building all future and understanding all present you guys didn't was properly sent. so studying an ancient document and on looking at secrets could help with our own understanding of the universe even today. thank question is enough timely. what do we see when we study the skies? but also what do we capable of seeing? would we be able to recognize extra terrestrial life if we run into it? why is it that we've never encountered alien life forms, even though there are undoubtedly enough planets that could support some extra terrestrial civilization? could it just be down to my room limitations

the disease? so that's the way i see it. if we encounter intelligent extraterrestrial life in whatever form, it could be an opportunity, it might not end well, but include, as kind of that, but i know i exist. asian has been described in this book. that sounds incredible for snaked when i probably ain't 16. 65 succession them were out fishing by hiring . show me when they suddenly saw ships in the sky above the firing of each of them . as evening approached, a dog disc appeared above the sky line and was city of chicago and to the to the dentist. and underneath this is an advanced, pretty expensive camera. we don't have the final events in it yet, but this one is enough for our tests that covers

a large part of the sky. get them done today, obviously, because maybe they just drank too much or smoke some things get ahold. of course, it could also been something like in the raj on you, i need to speak. and those days, such a normally is often seen as miraculous designs from gone scripts that size especially small. it's within studies, extraordinary celeste and events throughout history to try to understand what they were fucking guy on is looking for. the unusual in this guy is today to nothing. and then a place called a head styling in norway. a number of lights were seen repeatedly during the 1980s . they couldn't be a good land. it's still not completely over. we went on roughly once a month. they were signing some this guy. so here we'd have a better chance of detecting something close to to the gym, or click on click. these lights actually coming from intelligence extra terrestrial beings to assist me. we don't know,

i can't rule it out. as soon as we have to work with an open mind collecting data evaluated sign typically, and then see what comes out of it. also, in 2021, the us intelligence services published a report on a series of aerial phenomena that couldn't be explained is what if one says they were recorded by various parties using very using instruments as a lead human i in for read and the radar side they were also seen by pilots, but still they can't be explained. and so i think these cases are worth investigate . i don't to them but actually a task less money. we tend to explain the things we can't understand by assuming there's an intentionality that is beyond what we're able to imagine. that since there was no different than the 17th century of doc land to people believe that anomalies in the sky stems from a higher intelligence. if so,

we're not extra terrestrials but gone into it against just outside of the chapel court. but the alien life isn't thought improbable. according to the so called drake equation, all galaxy alone ought to be teeming with life, with a 100000000000 stalls in the milky way outside on it. so on even intelligent life phones all probable. in 1950 physicist on rico, sammy aust, why haven't we encountered anything once they re explode by nasa? scientists is not a great filter that brings disaster to each civilization before it can make contact with other. it's the nuclear will artificial intelligence, climate change pandemic. it would seem there's no shortage of options where all progress could lead to all destruction that started. i think there's very use unlikely that some civilizations would undoubtedly overcome the filter and then

make contact with the others when done in contact, and then ultimately will humana tb one that survives. we don't know if i get, it's not here this. the question is, of course, if there is another intelligent life form, is it close enough to us in terms of evolutionary history? i think we can still perceive it as intelligent in the chipmunks giving 20000000 years before our time for which we defended fighting session. we would not have recognized those as a special anomaly and it's well when it's inside of it to accomplish to us, we would have been like the equivalent of a tree, a crow linden, the flower, or a cloudy inconvenience. and indeed balm, could you say an independent one employer does heist? yeah, so could these life forms already be the reason which is not recognizing them with current technology, which we've decided is from new yes, it's quite possible that because of our limitations, we're not able to pick up on communications or even movements because we're not in

any position to be able to search by that one's quartets, who owns christine, and so forth. and thinking about getting this done as little as connect yourself. if i sign with some of the costs, it could also be something where terms like technology just don't apply for like, or a category like intelligence. as we understand it, that doesn't apply to all the others, guns. and these are all very specific human criteria, problems of asians, customs, for some of which have only a mode in the last century or 2. that's why on the job and understand some sense for the audience story. and it's clear that we just can't help, but interpret old anomalies according to current thinking and understanding. in fact, we often don't even realize how limited our knowledge actually is. how can guy all, at least once to do old, he comes to push back, covent invitations in what we're able to upset. he's setting up a service stations where recordings can be made in parallel using a wide variety of instruments. even possible,

changes in the gravity needs to be measured off of 2024. he's even able to monitor activity with his own satellite of guns because that's your website. no, no, no, that is a relatively, i'm interested in for various reasons. is this and it lands on the movement is low, it's lean here. yeah. it doesn't make any funny jumps. it doesn't zigzag. it's not displaying magic celebration. so that's kind of goal. so he's running it so it's probably an airplane, somewhat presented. but what would happen if we did discover aliens one day? why not so get a sick without it. and the cost of secularization in the western world, philosophers went to great lenses to free the world of a higher intelligence placing to monitor you at the top of the chain. the higher intelligence was pushed aside as religious nonsense to god was declared to be dead because i think it's a little of a sudden that higher intelligence would be back in feeling that the students that

would change humanity and in many ways. yeah, it would produce. so many new questions that we'd have to answer, and of course it's possible that these live forms are simply waiting for us to revolve it as a human race and would only contact us kind of a thing. we're ready to tell them. this is the right on what like they do to us with a in slave and exploits us. maybe not. maybe it will be the aliens who save us from our own destructive drive and help humanity survives the great filter. one can only hope this alien life forms came to us. the 1st thing they'd encounter is all the satellites will between all planets around $10000.00 active satellites. accommodate positions around us. not to mention the many defunct ones. one view it from gemini had a question about that of what happens to space satellites when

they're doing commissions. the satellites need small amounts of fuel to align themselves and maintain their position. when that fuel runs low satellites are d commissioned. how they're disposed of depends on their orbit satellite circle the earth at various altitudes depending on what rules are designed for environmental satellites. for example, more but a few 100 kilometers above the ground in low earth orbit. navigation satellites are much further away. they are at an altitude of around 20 to 24000 kilometers in medium earth orbit. satellites were telecommunications, broadcasting, and weather forecasting. our furthest from the air and what's known as g o. stationary orbit. their position above the equator and are always focused on just

one part of the years. after their mission, the satellites are blasted into a graveyard orbit. it's located around 300 kilometers above the g o stationary orbit. this area is now densely populated. once a satellite is reached, the graveyard orbit, the control center must empty its tanks and drain the batteries to prevent an uncontrolled explosion through the fuel igniting. for example. satellites and low earth orbit are brought down in a controlled way and disposed of in the earth's atmosphere. be increasing frictional heat causes them to largely burn up with the remaining debris falling into the sea. satellites may also be damaged by media rights or space drunk and have their lives ben short. they can no longer be controlled. researchers are now hoping to recover them using risk few satellites. they'll either grab hold of the defend spacecraft or capture it with

a net. the aim is to bring them down in a controlled manner. the european space agency is now preparing for its 1st disposal mission. to clear space one let us read, why do you have a science test do for us? send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we on switch on the shows, we'll send you a little surprised as a thank you. to go on. just ask in june 2020 for a chinese pretend from the mean. it was the 1st time that the space probably had collected well can soil samples from the fall side of the me and brought them back to us. so now on the go in detailed analysis when it comes to new exploration, china is leading the way from

this we always see the moon from the same side. this has to do with its rotation. the us apollo emissions in the 19 sixties and seventies landed on the side facing via they left with hundreds of chinos of moving on to study. china has already managed to land on the fall side of the moon twice. and it's telling me 6 mission has now even managed to take soil samples. a huge success landing on the fall side of the moon is especially complicated often moon. the obvious fix that has been various landings on this side of the main. so the side that face is, it does come on for, for you can be try it from this practically in real time, but as a delay in the signal of one second. also, they might know if you land on the fall side of the moon, you don't have direct connection missed so you have to send such

a light that would cause a radio bridge. if you liked the deal break it. and so everything gets more complicated. it's not typical at the beginning of june, the chinese pro, less the moon, bringing the lunar samples back to the scientist, one to analyze how the 2 sides of the moon differ. the cross, the sheet is i biggest difference is that there's more love on the surface. so oh, is side of the mean me alive off that over for like a full conic lava that was admitted millions of years ago. it involves to comment is the lava and all that comes out. it own it says it is like that. that means the samples from this side. so i read it simply need active noise. the over fixes such as the moon on the fall side is different probably of the song loss from the a very much original samples of the lunar surface. it this morning, 3 china wants to explode the moon, not just we've proved, but also with us to notes at the end of this decade,

aging times to alonda crew on the moon on set up a research station alongside the us. china has become the new leader in space, exploration, russia, as phone and behind. the district. technology that the chinese have developed is based on russians or knology from the 1970s by the but they've advanced it to such a degree that it no longer has anything to do with russian technology. it's in fact just the chinese now monk profession, space technology. not completely independent that i can for these who will put a crew back on the moon. first, china, all the us with the autumn is program. the americans are planning to get national spark on the moon before the chinese do. and this is where the european space agency isa comes in. unimportant module of the optimist. a ryan space cross comes you read. it will help pilot a ryan. the europeans are working closely with the us on the program. but

a so say what with china on the current chinese 6 mission producing one of the instruments on board, the luna approved the green square amongst its position. the instruments has successfully measured negative ions on the moon. however, it seems unlikely that you still will continue working with china, especially given the success of staging chung emissions as in pulled the items this work is more preparing for the chinese landing a crew on the name of the woods, china in competition with the american on this, i guess the americans also want to land on the moon in the next few years. now the easter has joined forces with the americans, but landing on the moon. i think that's why the us is saying, did you say if you want to do moon landings with us, then stopped working with china done to that machine. that was china's goal. and

all this, while the american see the moon more as a stop on the way to miles little responsibilities. china has other interest vehicle including you to educate young people uninspired. then when i'm secondly taken to promote technology. and if you look at the find you on it states, clearly we need new technologies on space. travel is a driver of technology to us and to motivate young people. and that's why they're doing that is really expensive, luna programs, you know, they want to cover them in which satellite you find lots of communication, satellites, moon observations, on landings, more robust one feet and more than one chinese 6 is just one. stepping stone on china is jenny to the moon. only a few decades ago that the fast rocket launched into space a short while later on the most. so i put some for to cruise they could come back on homes. monkeys sitting in american rocket, small monkeys, but not as small as

a great type species, but once populated itself in germany. as a recent fossil discovery were, feels less than one centimeter in size. this tiny little tooth belonged to a great 8. it lived here 11600000000 years ago in fox and in germany southern outgoing region. since 2011 researchers had been uncovering ancient remains here, like this vertebra from a prehistoric angelo. during their 1st excavation, they found to fossilize chief and didn't meet can from a great deep. but because the fines were so small, the experts assumed they were from a small old world, the monkey diesel, optimized as the monkey species we expected. we knew they lived here at that time height, so we thought that's what we found it out of yet. but when they found parts of the

skeleton of another great ape in the same place in 2017, they began to have doubts. because this one was clearly agree dates. daniel vs coogan, mosey, was significantly larger. the fines drew global attention because the large primate could already walk upright. sinking back center for human evolution, the researchers then examined to their earlier find more closely the small teeth than me. cap revealed the animal 8 leaves and weighed just 10 kilos. that makes it the smallest great shape known to date as much so i thought it wasn't so easy to prove that these 3 objects came from a great time for the new cat was an easier because i had an atomic lee, very similar to modern gradations yet to tell you what we had to do, very detailed examining sions of the teeth so that other experts wouldn't believe

that this is a great a, that's a small as an old world monkey in klein, i type stuff. but it's not just the size that makes this fine. so special. discovering fossils from 2 different species, upgrade 8 living at the same time in the same place in europe. this is a 1st this is vicky. if we don't use something special kits and cannot mostly use it the 1st time we are fossil everything that is to gradient sweet shoes go existed . we would never really expect you to find them in this region who because since you comb for heck is active because 11600000 years ago. but the southern germany is thought to have been covered with mixed forests, which wouldn't have been ideal for great, a mystery that further discoveries may eventually solve. and that wraps up all johnny into the past. the future, even going to the mean and back. whether it's pre historic h aliens,

or the ancient maya civilization, there's always more we can learn about how well i'm the galaxy. thanks for watching and see you next time the the

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