the joy and click the the ancient pyramids at the maya, what time pieces made of stone? the massive temples upset the movements of the sun forming a precise side of the calendar. this method of american civilization was very advanced in astronomy. how did the maia noise? so much to move, coming out from the dw science shape. welcome to you to more it today. since time immemorial the night sky has fascinated humanity. even today we still look up with in our quest to understand the origin or future of our world.

technological progress has changed our understanding of the things we see, the sky is no longer the height and the stick on and yet we still influenced by the discoveries of ancient civilizations. but the maya of central america, they left a unique legacy in the shape of this mysterious document compiled by my and astronomers. what could it still kind of today the, the sophisticated hieroglyphics reveal the accumulated knowledge of the maya. when will the next solar eclipse take place? when will venus appear as a morning star? experts around the world are still in or if the meticulous calculations of the maya basic. so imagine it's amazing that they were able to produce these calculations thousands of years ago. mean they say, i don't know why, but they do this. how could they do it if they did, they have computers. it does scopes to my end that day. so until 1492,

i know the maya, well, way ahead of the europeans and mathematics and, and astronomy to, for hours. it's not clear how the document made its way to your whether it was looted by the colonialist full cost of unofficial gift. but still the subjective research, what's clear is that the document ended up and dressed in gemini and it's still here today stored at the sexton stage on the university library. it's one of just for authentic my encoder sees known to us worldwide. researches like carlos by john control, have helped us understand the document known as the address didn't codex deciphering it has a change. the way we see my in coach is in the course of it as a no sign for the dress them co next has greatly enriched our understanding of my and the thought of g. religion. astronomy on higher clinic, it's funds $39.00 pages written on both sides. the 3 and

a half mito long document served as a pocket book for religious rituals left on the ceiling. okay, today we assume that the tables on eclipse is if we used to give warning about when a so that more lunar eclipse was due, the people were very afraid of these events. this event event goes with the measles really about religion. knowing the proper time to make an offering to the gods, it might have to do with the cure of a disease, a safe, healthy birth. a good problem to the maya we're obsessed with calculating on and pointing the right time to do things. they were able to calculate a precise date. what in advance was a 4 try? i think advantage for them was that they recognize the inputs and all of a 0 and the new account via because to 0, which we can see here very nicely from the sign in here in red between the black

digits. thoughts enables us to calculate long periods of time for that location in con, very long periods of time, even up to a modem day. one example, the total solar eclipse of 8 pull 2020 full could have been predicted just using the dressed in codex. which a very regulatory reviewing experience to see the darkness in the middle of the day . and you might feel an identity with these people, the agent maya, who would look up to the gods and say, where can i bring that offering slip? and so i'd like to stay believed the cosmic or that could be broken, hold onto the slides. rituals would not upset, of course, and couple, yeah, keep it on top. see, is to save you for this is the symbol of the sun and the dog. this is the eclipse you stuck with. good hands on the celestial band. and here we have a 2nd swarming example. so there was a fear for the sun with never rise again. so this is

a global sort. the field assignment of the sun could be disrupted. meaning it wouldn't go down to the underworld or i'm re of here the next day. yes. again. the prospect of never ending 9th was great. the see it on my end. that's why they was so keen to be able to predict eclipses upsetting. the sky was not driven by scientific interest, but by a desire to appease the goats, they were terribly motivated to find out the path of toe to ality. the geometry of eclipses a discuss. so the mezzo american coaches have to have scientific goals. he looks at the sky in order to have a reliable calendar. dressed in code x kind of shows how science and religion went hand in hand. not something we see happening much today, but we can all relate to that desire to understand what's happening around us and to compare the end result is that people develop their own understanding of their

lives on the cost models. yet, getting to the support from this interest in knowing about the past shouldn't just be driven by curiosity. but a vital need, the better we understand the past, the most solid, the foundation will be the building of future and understanding all present to this . and then the same thing. so studying an ancient document on, on looking it's secrets can help with our own understanding of the universe. even today. the question is enough timely. what do we see when we study the skies? which will say, what do we capable of seeing? would we be able to recognize extra terrestrial life if we run into it? why is it that we've never encountered alien life forms, even though the undoubtedly enough planet that could support an extraterrestrial civilization? could it just be down to while right limits asians,

the disease. so that's the way i see it. if we encounter intelligent extraterrestrial life in whatever form, it could be an opportunity, it might not end well, but include that as kind of that. but i know it's vision has been described in this book. that sounds incredible for snaked on april the $1665.00 succession them were out fishing by hiring somebody when they suddenly saw ships in the sky above the firing of each of them. as evening approached, a dr. disk appeared above the sky line and the city of charles went to the dentist and underneath this is an advanced, pretty expensive camera. we don't have the final events in it yet, but this one is enough for our tests that covers a large part of the sky. get them to do

it. so if you could, maybe they just drank too much or smoke. some things cut off. of course, it could also have been something like a mirage on you, i need to speak and those days, such a normally so often seen is miraculous, designs from gone scripts, a window size, especially small. it's within studies extraordinary, less than events throughout history to try and to understand what they were fucking guy on is looking for. the unusual in this guy is today, you know, of him on a place called a head stall in, in norway, a number of lights were seen repeatedly during the 1980s. they couldn't be a good land. it's still not completely over him on roughly once a month there are citing some this guy. so here we'd have a better chance of detecting something to, to the gym or could and could these lights actually come from intelligence extra terrestrial beings to assist me if we don't know,

i can't rule it out. as soon as we have to work with an open mind collecting data evaluated sign typically, and then see what comes out of it. also, in 2021, the us intelligence services published a report on a series of aerial phenomena that couldn't be explained is what if one says they were recorded by various parties using very using instruments as a human i in for read and read art sizes, they were also seen by pilots, but still they can't be explained. and so i think these cases are worth investigate . i don't have to them, i can't, that's less money. we tend to explain the things we can't understand by assuming there's an intentionality that is beyond what we're able to imagine. except since there was no different than the 17th century of doc land to people believe that anomalies in the sky stems from a higher intelligence. if so,

we're not extra terrestrials but gone into it against just outside of this chapel court. but the alien life isn't thought improbable. according to the so called drake equation, all galaxy alone ought to be teeming with life, with a 100000000000 stuff in the milky way of sight on it. so on even intelligent life phones all probable. in 1950 physicist on rico, sammy aust, why haven't we encountered anything once they re explode by nasa? scientists is not a great filter that brings disaster to each civilization before it can make contact with other it's the nuclear. we'll artificial intelligence climate change pandemic. it would seem there's no shortage of options where all progress could lead to all destruction. that's hard to i think this is the reason why i use them. civilizations would undoubtedly overcome the filter and then make contact with the others on done in

contact. and then ultimately, will humanity be one that survives, we don't know. default, it's not here. this. the question is, of course, if there is another intelligent life form, is it close enough to us in terms of evolutionary history, we can still present it as intelligent in the chipmunks living 20000000 years before our time for which we defended fighting session. we would not have recognized those as a special anomaly and as well inside of it gone this to us. we would have been like the equivalent of a tree, a crow linden, a flower, or a cloudy inconveniences, and balm typically. i mean, depending on what it does, highest. yeah. so could these life forms already be the reason which is not recognizing them with current technology, which we've decided is from new. yes, it's quite possible that because of our limitations, we're not able to pick up on communications or even movements because we're not

going to position to be able to search, but that one's pull, tattooing scuse, and so forth and thinking by getting this done as soon as can i please help if i sign with some of the costs? it could also be something where terms like technology just don't apply for like, or category like intelligence, as we understand it. if that doesn't apply to all the other guns, and these are all very specific human criteria for our observations, customs, for some of which have only a mode in the last century or 2, that's 5 on the job in installing some sense. for the audience story, and it's clear that we just can't help, but interpret old anomalies according to current thinking and understanding. in fact, we often don't even realize how limited our knowledge actually is. a hi con guy on at least wants to do all he comes to push boss, covet invitations, and what we're able to upset is he's setting up upset of stations where recordings can be made unparalleled. using a wide variety of instruments, even possible changes in the gravity needs to be measured off of 2024. he's even

able to monitor activity with his own satellite type of guns. this could stop by your website. no, no, no. that is a relatively an interest rate for various reasons. and it lands on the movement is low. it's lean here. yeah. it doesn't make any funny drums, it doesn't zigzag. it's not displaying much celebration, so it's kind of goal. so he's running it. so it's probably an airplane somewhere presented. but what would happen if we did discover aliens one day? why not so get a sick without us. and the cost of secularization in the western world. philosophers went to great lengths to free the world of a higher intelligence, placing humanity at the top of the chain. the higher intelligence was pushed aside as religious nonsense to god was declared to be dead with. i think it's a little of a sudden that higher intelligence would be back in feeling that this dementia would

change humanity in many ways and it would produce so many new questions that we'd have to answer. and of course, it's possible that these live forms are simply waiting for us to revolve it as a human race, and would only contact us kind of a thing. we're ready to tell them this year. and what might they do to us with a in slave and exploits us? maybe not. maybe it will be the aliens who save us from our own destructive drive and help humanity survives the great filter. one can only hope this alien life forms came to us. the 1st thing they didn't counselor is all the satellites school between all planets around 10000 active satellites. accommodate positions around us. not to mention the many defunct ones. one view it from gemini had a question about that of what happens to space satellites when

they're doing commissions. the satellites need small amounts of fuel to align themselves and maintain their position. when that fuel runs low satellites are d commissioned. how they're disposed of depends on their orbit satellite circle the earth at various altitude depending on what rules are designed for environmental satellites. for example, orbit a few 100 kilometers above the ground in low earth orbit. navigation satellites are much further away there at an altitude of around 20 to 24000 kilometers in medium earth orbit. satellites for telecommunications, broadcasting and weather forecasting are further from the air and what's known as g o. stationary orbit. their position above the equator and are always focused on

just one part of the years. after their mission, the satellites are blasted into a graveyard orbit. it's located around 300 kilometers above the g o stationary orbit. this area is now densely populated. once a satellite is reached, the graveyard orbit, the control center must empty its tanks and drain the batteries to prevent an uncontrolled explosion through the fuel igniting. for example. satellites and low earth orbit are brought down in a controlled way and disposed of in the earth's atmosphere. the increasing frictional heat causes them to largely burn up with the remaining debris falling into the sea. satellites may also be damaged by media rights or space drunk and have their lives ben short. they can no longer be controlled. researchers are now hoping to recover them using risk q satellites. they'll either grab hold of the defense spacecraft or capture it with

a net aim is to bring them down in a controlled manner. the european space agency is now preparing for its 1st disposal mission to clear space one. let us read why do you have a science frustrated for us? send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we on switch on the shows, we'll send you a little surprised as a funky to go on. just ask in june 2024, a chinese prove returned from the mean. it was the 1st time that the space program had collected well, can soil samples from the fall side of the me and brought them back to us. so now i'm to go in detailed analysis. when it comes to lead new exploration, china is leading the way from

this we always see the moon from the same side. this has to do with its rotation. the us, the polar emissions in the 19 sixties and seventies landed on the side facing via they left with hundreds of chinos of moving on to study. china has already managed to land on the fall side of the moon twice. and it's telling me 6 mission has now even managed to take soil samples. a huge success. last thing on the small side of the moon is especially complicated of the moon to obviously fans in various landings on this side of the main. so the side that faces it does come on for, for they can be track it from this practically in real time, but as a delay in the signal of one second. also, they might know if you land on the fall side of the moon, you don't have direct connection missed so you have to send such

a light that would cause a radio bridge. if you liked the deal, break it. and so everything get some more complicated yet not to the computer. at the beginning of june, the chinese pro, less the moon, bringing the luminous samples back to the scientists one to analyze how the 2 sides of the moon differ. the sheet is i make is difference is that there's more law on the surface so oh is side of the mean me, i live off the oldest like a full kind of lava that was admitted millions of years ago. you out in boss to comment is the lava and all the cover it own it says is i to about means the song from this side. so i relatively new active noise. the over fixing, such as the moon on the fall side is different probably of the song from the a very much original sound rules of the lunar surface. it this morning we don't, china wants to explode the moon, not just we proves, but also with us to notes. at the end of this decade, they jane times the alonda crew on the moon on set up

a research station alongside the us. china has become the new leader in space expiration. russia postpone and behind the district. we did this. i tell you, i'll let you know that the chinese have developed is based on russians or knology from the 1970s by the but they've advanced it to such a degree that it no longer has anything to do with russian technology. it's in find just the chinese now monk profession, space technology, not completely independent that i can for these who will put a crew back on the moon. first, china, all the us with the autumn is program. the americans are planning to get extra notes back on the moon before the chinese do. and this is where the european space agency isa comes in. unimportant module of the optimist. a ryan space cost comes in europe. it will help pilot ryan the europeans are working closely with the us on the program. but

a so say what with china on the current chinese 6 mission producing one of the instruments on board. the luna approved the green square amongst its position. the instruments has successfully measured negative ions on the moon. however, it seems unlikely that east that will continue working with china, especially given the success of staging chung emissions as in pulled the items this work is more preparing for the chinese landing a crew on the moon. that puts china in competition with the american of this to the americans, also want to land on the moon in the next few years. now that lisa has joined forces with the americans for landing on the moon. i think that's why the us is saying did you so if you want to do moon landings with us, then stop working with china. done. just so the machine that was china is gold and

all this, while the american see the moon more as a stop on the way to miles responsibilities. china has other interests vehicle including you to educate young people, uninspired. then when i'm secondly taken to promote technology, and if you look at the find your on it states, clearly we need new technologies on space. travel is a driver of technology to us and to motivate young people. and that's why they're doing that. it's really expensive, luna programs, you know, they want to cover them in which satellite, lots of communication, satellites, moon observations on things more robust one feet and more time knowing chinese 6 is just one. stepping stone on china is jenny to the moon. only a few decades ago that the fast rocket launched into space a short while later on the most. so i put some for to prove they could come back on homes. monkeys sitting in american rock hits, small monkeys, but not as small as

a gray type species that once populated itself in germany. as a recent fossil discovery reveals less than one centimeter in size. this tiny little tooth belonged to a great 8. it lived here 11600000000 years ago in fox and in germany southern outgoing region. since 2011 researchers had been uncovering ancient remains here, like this vertebra from a prehistoric angelo. during their 1st excavation, they found to fossilize chief and didn't meet cap from a great aid, but because the fines were so small, the experts assumed they were from a small old world monkey. these off authorizes the monkey species we expected to see the we knew they lived here and at that time hired. so we thought that's what

we found it all yet. but when they found parts of the skeleton of another great ape in the same place in 2017, they began to have doubts because this one was clearly agree dates. daniel vs gluten mosey, was significantly larger. the fines drew global attention because the large primate could already walk upright. sinking back center for human evolution, the researchers then examined to their earlier find more closely the small teeth than me. cap revealed the animal 8 leaves and weighed just 10 kilos. that makes it the smallest great shape known to date. yeah. as long as so i just thought it wasn't so easy to prove that these 3 objects came from a great time for the new cap. it was an easier because i had an atomic leave, very similar to modern great games. you have to tell you what we had to do, very detailed exam and a sions of the keys, so that other experts wouldn't believe that this is a great a, that's

a small as an old world monkey incline i type stuff. but it's not just the size that makes this fine. so special. discovering fossils from 2 different species of grade 8, living at the same time in the same place in europe. this is a 1st this is vicky reed on use something special gets and cannot mostly use it the 1st time. we are fossil evidence that is too great in a sweet she's got existed. we would never really expect you to find them in this region with this so called for heck, is that? because 11600000 years ago. but the southern germany is thought to have been covered with mixed forests, which wouldn't have been ideal for great, a mystery that further discoveries may eventually solve and that perhaps i'll call johnny into the cost of the future. even going to the mean and back. whether it's pre historic h aliens,

or the ancient maya civilization, there's always more we can learn about how well i'm the galaxy. thanks for watching and see you next time the . the

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