breakfast with aspect tensions. webster getting a membership that's next on. don't feel good. the city is hungry for the future in southwest, telling us 32000000 people live here. many of them are young and under 3, and it's coming through making money, having the stuff, september 19th on d, w. the

. this is where east meets west san diego. the capital of bosnia and herzegovina is a cultural cross. roads to the turkish old town is characterized by centuries of autumn and rule and byzantine and orthodox influences. the austro hungarian monarchy left behind catholic churches and synagogues, and a monument to the austrian archduke franz ferdinand, who was assassinated. here in 1914, the scholars from the bosnian war also remain sparked in 1992 by the serbian minority in response to the founding of the independent republic of bosnia and herzegovina, the war claimed around 100000 lives of units. the of the,

one of the people still driving division in the country is me a little hot dog dick the strong man, if they prove like a sub scott, the part of bosnia and herzegovina with a ser, majority of bulk and ally of beijing and moscow thought exceeds bosnia is an artificial country. the serbian separatist leader has been promoting independence for years. the shoulder well then i don't believe in bosnia and herzegovina. and at the use annual western bulk in summit in december 2022 leaders felt that the war and ukraine had inflamed tensions. in order to prevent the conflict from spreading to bosnia and herzegovina, they fast tracked the decision to make the country a candidate for e, you accession the mountains that dr. stuff. so we can clearly see that the war a new frame is not only russia's crew war against ukraine on. it also raises

a crucial question we'll talk, received, and the rule of the strongest, prevail. what is it for democracy and the rule of law? and we feel the struggle also in the western vulcans, based by russia, is trying to exert its influence there as, as china. this discussion is about which side you choose to take in this and try and almost 3 decades after the date and the chords ended. the war in 1995 bosnia and herzegovina remains fragile and divided a country of 3 constituent peoples balls. in the ex serbs and croats. proof of how difficult it is to end the war. and how much more complicated to bring genuine peace the

. every year. thousands of marchers commemorate the fall of surrender. anita. on july 11th 1995. the buzz me back enclave abandoned by the un fell into the hands of general manager as bosnian serb troops. they murdered 8000 muslims. thousands were killed, trying to flee in what's become known as the death march the mr. through deal. that is, i promised my mother that had protected was i held my brother's hand like a father hold his sons to be, but my brother was killed the slicker because it was. 6 6

the, the, it remains the only recognized genocide in europe since world war 2 now we look odd, lots of the bodies were left behind us. the lots are still here. the last class with, you know, the people of various ethnic backgrounds, balls and the acts grow up, serves, but also tourists take part in an annual memorial march. many are troubled, the war and ukraine awakens, old wounds,

houses and i actually come from sun check serbia from vehicle. yeah, yeah. okay. but i have a lot of family in bosnia and i know the history, of course, kind of there are many parallels to the war and ukraine. the old folks say the nightmares keep coming back. the whole thing's happened to year. they all hope that war will never return. bosnia is still divided decay which cannot mclee bosky. it is very weak already mentioned, but people here still want to live together in this stage, doc bosnia remains a multi ethnic state. in the last census, in 2013, around a 50 percent or boss me, x often secular, urban muslims, around 30 percent orthodox terms and around 15 percent, predominantly catholic pro us plus jews, roma,

and many who reject such ethnic classifications most want to live together in peace but not all, obviously the bureaus are not on there, but i think that's one. this one said they would have been better for the people of bosnia and herzegovina if we had separated and each created our own states in the crow, us would probably join croatian people. the serbs would have their own separate state, already formed called republic services, governors office and they would say close ties with serbia. identical boys and the muslims would have the rest as a separate state which could be called box and the phone. remember the controller shows us and there's a lot of some of those like boston that reflects the serbian goals of the bosnian war and would unravel the current state recognized by the whole world, including a member of croatia and serbia falls now and here's the covina is a state composed of 2 political entities, the boss,

no crow out federation of bosnia and herzegovina with sara gave always, its capital and republican service got ruled from vanya luca with its own flag, administration. and textbooks that probably go search scott is me, don't, i don't accept strong hold the there are also crow at national list to dream of their own 3rd entity in the countries west, which would divide bosnia and herzegovina even further. or some of the missing the country should have been created as a federation with 3 federal unit 3, forming 2 entities with 3 constitutive peoples. was problem attic from the start dealer, probably much of the

amend these tensions the piece march reaches its destination forever needs. every july 11th, thousands of boss in the acts gather to commemorate the 1995 genocide. the former dot u n. peace keeper bass has been transformed into a memorial. each year. bodies of victims discovered in the proceeding 12 months are buried here. many officials from the bosnian federation have come to make more or less conciliatory speeches. as have ambassadors from europe, the united states, turkey, iran, and various arab countries. high ranking representatives of the un and nato are also concerned by the tensions but no bosnian serb russian, chinese or serbian representatives are to be seen in the world's divisions are palpable here. long bringing peace to the country and its memories is

a slow process. as if to prove that point, just outside strever needs, the bosnian serb activists have provocatively displayed portraits of their war victims. it's about defining territories, the national. yeah, these are our service victims. my brother is one of them. you seen that they did? 3267 dead by 1995. yeah, just saying it makes me tremble. the

most you letting me boom in bosnia and herzegovina is the outer edge of the orthodox world or so it starts in moscow and ends in vanya lucas. and as i further west, there are no more orthodox christian, but it's a couple of the same applies to the catholic world begins in europe or show and ends up somewhere in bosnia and herzegovina order, and the same for the islamic world. all 3 worlds meet here and where they rub. there's tectonic tensions. it's gonna keep that, those people, the image of the, in 1992. the war and cited by the dissolution of former yugoslavia had become europe's bloodiest conflict. since 1945,

the ethnic cleansing had driven out hundreds of thousands of people. the siege of san diego had already killed more than $11000.00 and was dragging on all peace efforts had failed the after the massacre of scrubber anita, during the summer of 1995 nato decided to put an end to the carnage and began a military offensive the air strikes finally forced the bosnian serb troops to retreat. the after months of shuttle diplomacy between bel grade zagreb and sarah gave up. the american diplomat. richard holbrooke summoned the warring parties to a huge u. s. air force base and your date in ohio. the

on november 1st, you received the delegation leaders, serbian president slow but down below should rich, who would negotiate for the bosnian serbs really succeeded president from your to each month representing the bosnian croats and the bosnian president, aaliyah is bengal rich. margaret is up to meet the cold or the day you told me he talked a lot about the atmosphere of the talks. they were confined to a military base when this was attacked, anything employed to force the adversaries to treat each other as human being with the trip. it was uh like the

yeah. so they tend to be which ones are generally do to you. it will say good to go into your some m deaton. i was a delegation member of the state of bosnia and herzegovina. was a member of the collegial presidency. for me, the most important thing was to preserve the integrity of bosnia and herzegovina, such as i mean, tina single territory with an internationally recognized borders. these are things that i need some, a me for years of war had hardened their positions. for 3 weeks, every village, neighborhood, and hill was discussed with nathan said, as ice the navy, she had as a lot of all in deaton, we mainly discussing territories which areas of bosnia and herzegovina would come under the control of republic, a search scott. and that's which part under the federations administration, let me start to figure it out to you. e holbrook here with whole group let the negotiations that way. but in order all the rest and both political objectives,

which didn't seem to matter to the american government, i'd see them. the most important thing was to stop the war. this is always the negotiations or tens several times the talks almost collapsed. finally, it was agreed that 51 percent of the territory would go to the bosnian crow at federation and 49 percent to bosnian serbs. but little time was left to draft the constitution. each of the 3 constituent peoples, as they were called, would have to compromise to understand the service that were introduced yesterday, i go into the office tomorrow, take some time. and reconciliation is extremely difficult. thing to do is very easy to stop, which is very difficult to bid the judge dates. most of us have an easy degree and perhaps that does not live in the law. that the bosnian serbs did not get their independence today, but were integrated into unified bosnian hits. and the boss,

me acts did not get a unitary state that could be governed by a majority vote. and i'm, if there's one that was there during them before because they were in the majority, they thought they could have much greater influence, right? because but they had to settle for a federal deposit. i am fed at all because i had to fit it all. most in the crow, lance did not receive the political entity. they had hoped for only control over some captains of the federation of their budget. to go out of this and go, they say it's better to negotiate for 10 years, then to fight for 10 days for me. that about sums updating cool, the accord, stopped the spelling of blood and destruction of the multi ethnic fabric of bosnia and herzegovina. skin. what the school to keep up was that you had to go in. i stuck with the date and stop the war and the destruction of the explosion of hatred and the desire for vengeance. literally, that was the best thing about 8 o'clock on a date of the

month later in paris. the great powers met for the official signing of the date and peace accords, including at the time russia that gave birth to the current state with its rotating 3 party presidency, 14 governments, and 165 ministers, and quoted as reserved at every level from boston the ex serves and cro as it is. one of the most complex constitutions in the world, they thought, excuse for those who most things just took the night, which in the dayton accords turn to bosnia into a state which is dysfunctional, irrational, and on democratic national dates on schemes on democratic because the agreement did not give equal rights to all citizens dysfunctional because it is now a state with far more levels of government than necessary. i think we have the

largest number of ministers in the world. there is no other small country with so many ministers now that you brought to really start on the city. it obviously, and it was the my now the email that we keep doing, we have a huge administration on the consumers. 60 percent of our g d p feed pick, which is this it puts in at the appraisal that the system is completely irrational . voc heavier now, and they're not so not of the 30 years later, bosnians have given the post date and institutions, all sorts of nicknames. frankenstein headache, a strait jacket once a refugee in berlin, lawyer, i mean the heritage how ratchets returned to sara hugo in 2006, she clearly sees our country's progress since 1995, a common currency,

common license plates, a common central bank and army. but like most bosnians, she also readily pokes fun at this overly complex federal state or different knowledge. the more expensive guy, the rates are based off class and that was the only reason matters. even though you're behind me, we have the beautiful presidential building. 3 presidents have their offices here going, i mean, all 3 members of the presidency, they to be precisely ma, it's a gift from the data and the cords for medical. there are large countries like the united states, with many citizens, but only one president due to one, but we have 3 members of the presidency and many people here on the street today can't tell you how it all works. because it's so complicated and according to actually it's all so comfortable on the plus. the

clearly visible in the center of san diego is another remnant of data in the office of the high representative of the international community for bosnia and herzegovina as a controlling and supervisory body that can pass laws and remove corrupt representatives. system schmidt, former german minister of agriculture keeps his copy of the date and the cords, which give him special powers in his office is listed as his corporate seats. and good, i've um awesome guy knew it would be complicated to see it, but frankly, i had no idea it would be that complicated. here, the signatures, a mr. is a big a village. this is this to touch months. that must be mr coachman davia and the last mr. velocity which, which tends to be stick to particle 5 very important. that higher

percent the higher representative are we just the final authority. so i have the last word let's to try to be involved. hired. how did the internet's knowledge truces? and once my freed assessors say between 20052007 had accomplished the essentials, like establishing the state and nations as laws from by the international community felt there was nothing more to do as can i know more explosions. that next meetings were going find this thing done. we lost interest in bosnia might have to does interest. i found one the but the fall of 2021. when says john schmidt had just arrived brought a rude awakening. taking advantage of the crises in the middle east and ukraine, bosnian serb leader, amino dick sees to the serbian part of the army, customs, duties, taxes, and health care system dealing a death blow to the fragile federation. keep it so can. that's fine. that's how i

didn't have to set goals that fold i much. sec. we were indeed very alarmed how to us of interest as president of civilian president. at the time mister packard told me that talking people are talking about dissolution about breaking up the state hopefully. so this thought this, but you should notice that there is no peaceful dissolution of states in this region. uh, dish dot is empty survey to your new bill. it actually would along those lines it to y'all. cool. have the international community didn't react, which greatly encourage the separatists or the support up roles they exploited the shift in the power bound mississauga, the americans were withdrawing from syria enough to understand the russia and china were gaining strength, shall all this encourage the separatist. so at this time to, to get get some time next that with all due respect, mister donates political stature resembles original cancel air. more than the head of state of new stuff the and they're stopping. think us been the last most school

welcomes him in the and pays attention to him. it is more because they hoped to use his influence to destabilize the country for snugly type notes. and so distributed civil by may 2020 to the bosnian crisis, had reached the un security council deeply divided by the war and ukraine. i invited mister christian spirit, high representative for bosnia and herzegovina to participate in this meeting. russia was already trying to destabilize the republic of mould over georgia, bulgaria. the wagner group was recruiting in serbia. would boss now be the next front? and certainly, you will put this together in front of my office, appealing for my intervention to prevent that from happening. people not sit still as part is seek to dismantle 26 years of p, stipulate in progress and you know,

smart that we do not consider german citizen, chris john schmidt, the legitimate hi representative for bosnia and herzegovina. we emphasized that mister schmidt has no right to speak for the international community and his level . no. so just to a jim schmidt was also becoming increasingly contemptuous. in bosnia, many it used to move off over at terry and ism, and partisan support for the bosnian croats. but neither the us nor the do you dare to close his office. the high representative remained one of the few who could block don dix separatist efforts. today as i representative, i have issued an order suspending application of the river picked us up sca

law on the move on the property. i have made the use of my ex security powers to bring the country a hat and to bring some people to reason. thank you very much. i'll feed us in the us and visit the book, but we're doing anybody mode. i have one the elections here for the 10th time, you know, in a foreigner tells us this is not enough to be legitimate. accordingly of bosnia and herzegovina cannot function without foreign monitors this nearly 30 years after signing the date and the cords and it can push it and then it should not even exist . suppose to russia has never impose conditions on us. is there no quail, the other thing? yeah. the the, and yet,

russia's influence is clearly visible throughout republicans to scott yvonne, nicole 9, which is the executive director of transparency international. in bosnia, she opposed as dante and has for years been denouncing the ramp and corruption that is directly linked to foreign influence. pushed on me for you to the upcoming support of all broadcast and i thought before they did one, i'm sorry, i still thought the dates and agreements makes our job more difficult in terms of having to basically monitor 13 or 14 governments at the same time. having to look at all the levels of the government and basically having too many people in a position to have power to have the opportunity to steal public funds, to abuse their positions. for yvonne and her team, the privatization of the oil industry and republic us of scott is

a textbook case with covert payments and kickbacks at the industry was bought supposedly by to russian companies. and you have the guys even card ends that'll bears nest. but there is still a large percentage of ownership of these group of investors that is suspected to actually belong to people from the local government, either dot or people close to him. we can only speculate because this was kept secret. and the, um, the so called consortium, all the companies who bought the refinery was seated in moscow was at a post office box. you know, this was all a project to basically on one hand, longer dirty money on the other. loads the resources here and extract this funds

somewhere else done to is also underlining his close ties to russia by building this church dedicated to serbian russian friendship. it stands in the middle of bundio luca, directly opposite the central government and the public television station. but russian funding for the project has yet to materialize. the faces trains, tadpoles. just one of the examples was of me what i thought is here in the pool. because subscribe showing that he has free relationship with 14, with the russian officials. it was presented as a part of the russia and investing in the pool. we've got some scott, at the same time, all of the money for this. the construction of the subject basically came either from april because of scott or from serbia. the

in bosnia, the fight against corruption remains complicated. and sarah gable transparency international invited all parties to discuss the issue in an online debate. all the parties responded except to don't accept the serbian social democratic party and co, which is correlation democratic union. in parliament, these parties have blocked anti corruption laws required by the you. their leaders favor other relationships. these all to crowds like to hang out together and, and support each other. so the recently, when there was a situation and, and talk about sanctioning body for his secessionist intentions, the autobahn was his biggest allies. we've been b, you basically coming to buying a little cut to me,

came in restaurant where they made all sorts of deals. and after that we can see increase all of the hung gear in money and companies including money for agriculture, but also concessions for solar plans. these can be seen as a consequence of, of this support because nobody's getting anything for free. a good kind of conclusion. and corruption is even ravaging the same as rivers of bosnia and herzegovina. for years active as sabina chavez, and many other environmental lists in the balkans have been fighting the illegal construction of many hydro power plants, the

green. so virtually age is optimal products to christine is adrena, the sava and all the great river is crossing the whole of the balkans united states, but he's not, was unfortunately foreign investors as well. i know they can easily obtain building permit is uh, you know, some build dams in the balkans without permits and circumvent the law said the valley. they come to build dams in the balkans. l as in a brothers big mines though, is it the only natural resources have been under threat for years even decades? and so have our line a that's a new overall, isn't coming us 0. that'd be no shobit to enter activist colleagues regularly uncover a legal power plant construction sites. thousands are said to be planned in the balkans. around 150 have already been built in bosnia alone, often approved in exchange for bribes. the investors are

locals, serves austrians, and even chinese. interested in the balkans energy sources or raw materials the into the one of your ups most polluted cities. chinese entrepreneurs have been trying to expand the operation of a huge coal power plant. so far the city and its inhabitants have resisted in republic, a search scott china has signed contracts to build highways and sarah gable. that'd be nice salvage and her and geo recently won a ban on many dams, a great victory. but due to the date and the chords, the decision only applies to the bosnian correlation federation, not to the other half of the country republic. i subscribe. that step sowards of boss the at the bus,

the in hopes we now has such beautiful nature. you have now many of the arab too, is coming here, just to enjoy it is salvage continues to find, but she knows the weight of the nationalist parties influence on government policy and business. these are easier if you're doing some of the parties to get a job because they are buying your loyalty and your role. and then they can control these 2 options. this is how it's so easy to control people, some parts of the citizens, because we are stuck in this country. as long as the people are separated, it will be more space for making

a profit and crimes and correction. with every new crisis, the world fears that bosnia and herzegovina will fall apart. but besides the rights and the publications, the institutions created in dayton, r destabilizing the country. democracies are based on the principle of individual rights in the united states. we have republicans and democrats and other countries . there are greens, maybe there are communist. maybe there are nationalist. the thing about dating is it and try and not a liberal democracy based on individual rights, but an ethnography based on group rights. there are many people, especially in the muslim crow at federation, who do not view themselves as ethnic actors who want to engage in politics. who may

be interested in climate change, who are interested in, in other forms of, of civil rights and not only ethnic rights. civil society has been fighting for years for a more democratic constitution. but amending the constitution requires the votes of elected representatives in parliament and of the presidency and all those whose careers are based on just these ethnic identities. have little interest in that every now and then you have a political actor who is interested in crossing ethnic lines, but they don't have institutional incentives to cross ethnic lines to seek the votes of people outside of their estimate group. when you have politicians who moderate, you have more extreme political actors out fitting the moderate political actor saying, you know, you are not sufficiently representing our group. we are the true representatives of this group. and so in the end, you have as a result of these institutions,

we have politicians tending to push toward extremely fragile, ethnically based governments like in bosnia, often the long term support from the international community leads howard an expert on un peacekeeping. interviewed numerous diplomats involved in the dayton accords. when i was interviewing people about the process, it surprised me the extent to which they actually agreed with us analysis. and richard holbrooke himself and his number are expressed an expression of regret that the american negotiator simply adopted of this rigid ethnic idea without reflecting on it. particularly what it would mean for the long run in bosnia the dayton accords tend toward crisis. but it's not just dating, it's actually all regimes that are set up this way. they tend toward mobile as i'm

and they tend toward an ela, the inability to come to political decisions. for no one knows whether a different degree meant indeed. and might have ended the massacres, but the legacy still weighs heavily 3 decades later. vehicle small, i'm still very bitter of a data shift to go through because i knew what was going to happen is i'll probably die. it was 15, the sly. we would achieve pieces, mute thought, but we would remain at wor, impala to our section, but hopefully touched on that. and that's a still the case today. they've done that the as far as the a wants to join the e u,

it will also have to eliminate all discrimination against those who do not identify us or grow out or boss. the younger vincy is jewish. several times since 2009. he and other minority leaders have filed complaints with the european court of human rights. each time the court in strasburg has condemned bosnia. but these decisions have never been enforced. quoted us so not only invisible and sustainable. a little closer to the he got the boss, they have to go in it. and because of our electoral system, hundreds of thousands of citizens of bosnia and herzegovina are denied the right to be elected to the highest offices. says there's it or so of course everyone clings to this constitution like a drunkard to his bottle, as we say in our language. truly it though everyone is afraid to change anything

because they don't know how it will affect their participation and government as it seems on you whole side of this unit, which is show loss to the, the in brussels. these developments are viewed with concern. the problem is that boss me, is political divisions are also present in the european parliament. it's very visible in the european parliament that there are different groups. if you look at the pro us, for instance, no matter which party, they all support the pro ration efforts to, to intervene in both they have to golfing. now it's cross party nationalistic support. so i think this is a really a toxic cocktail. and we need to have more unity in the you, in order to combat the foreign interference from certain countries. if we already

split, and we are in this way actually fueling the deficiency between the 3 groups in both they have the coffee. now, how will we be successful in combating the influence of, of mr. put in for instance, or turkey, or are china. i mean, there are so many who make a tom page of the scales and this, this empty landscape. i think that you is really has the obligation to serve those people and not the political reasons with their own self interest. the some suspect, the nationalist parties in bosnia and herzegovina deliberately sabotaging the institutions in the hope that the fragile state will one day collapse on its own.

meanwhile, it citizens, bosnia ex grow outs, serbs and others yearned for normalcy. massive out migration has been going on for years. the, as a citizen, as i already said, it's frustrating. it's, it's d motivating. nobody cares about ordinary citizens. everyone talks about national interests, legitimacy of people's constitutional issues, etc. and nobody's talking about everyday problems about the economy. but at the same time, i do love this country and i want to do whatever i can to change the situation to basically have some kind of holes that there, there is a chance for things to change your shipment to as

i had few times, very bad movements and think i was thinking to leave that as well. at this moment. hundreds of young people are leading by so yeah, i'm not sure if i'm going to leave, but i'm pretty sure and that side out vill traveling. the world's credit to 2 villages are emptying over bosnia and herzegovina since 2013, more than 20 percent of the population is thought to have left the country. ringback at this rate, soon only the elderly will be left in ukraine. leadership has already rejected the idea of signing a peace treaty similar to the dayton accords. the

threats from the right young germans with background react to the country's political climate. they live in germany. tassel on the search in white women function isn't royce of aisd low stuff in 30 minutes on the w living in a polarizing world. in excess of eve, the 2000 reward density was based on

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this is the, the, the news line from the us votes as digestive bits of presidential debates. republicans, donald trump, democrats, cumberland harris, clashed and 19 minutes and what could be that only time advice contest will look at the full lot from the tv show down. i'm not debate scores, comma, how does the major endorsement from cigna titus? we have 2 side offer instagram post childless cat lady will not post boost irish. these chances. and germany is criticized bytes neighbors and by the other plans to tight and check that its land borders. poland calls to move unacceptable.