that was a core learning. i seen that the last 2 days there is going to be something you're going to see me and my brothers. and you want to see me is to my design content. what is going to be? what you are definitely going to see something you so the, and started thinking that we quite please thing when you have one like b as you want to be door 5. d is that as often, you know, it may be doing either. what am i doing? wouldn't realize it was reality checks, i was able to, you know, see what my utilities are so that the screen of that and so to be docked pleasing and made me feel and i, i quit my job with the mentor big speech like jamie green. but at the same times i'm, i'm like that if i, i lot make such an amazing mendo like buying an amazing news like, you know,

ship buying each barrel snake. well, maybe to like start things too comfortable. it's just you have to walk into the right direction. it's a great start. the, [000:00:00;00] the, this is where east meets west san diego, the capital of bosnia and herzegovina is a cultural cross. roads to the turkish old town is characterized by centuries of autumn and rule and byzantine and orthodox influences. the austro

hungarian monarchy left behind catholic churches and synagogues, and a monument to the austrian archduke franz ferdinand, who was assassinated. here in 1914, the scholars from the bosnian war also remain sparked in 1992 by the serbian minority in response to the founding of the independent republic of bosnia and herzegovina. the war claimed around 100000 lives the, you know, it's the, one of the people still driving division in the country is me a little hot dog dick. the strong man of the public service got the part of bosnia and herzegovina with a ser. majority of bulk and ally of beijing and moscow dixies bosnia is an artificial country. the serbian separatist leader has been promoting

independence for years. so well then, i don't believe in bosnia and herzegovina and at the use annual western balkan summit in december 2022 leaders felt that the war and ukraine had inflamed tensions. in order to prevent the conflict from spreading to bosnia and herzegovina, they fast tracked the decision to make the country a candidate for e, you accession the mountains that doctor showed us. we can clearly see that the war a new frame is not only russia's crew war against ukraine on. it also raises a crucial question we'll talk, received, and the rule of the strongest, prevail. what is it for democracy and the rule of law? and we feel the struggle also in the western vulcans, based by russia, is trying to exert its influence there as,

as china. this discussion is about which side you choose to take in this and try and almost 3 decades after the date and the chords ended. the war in 1995 bosnia and herzegovina remains fragile and divided. a country of 3 constituent peoples balls. me ex serves and cro ads. proof of how difficult it is to end a war. and how much more complicated to bring genuine peace the . every year. thousands of marchers commemorate the fall of surrender. anita. on july 11th 1995. the buzz me back enclave abandoned by the un fell into the hands

of general manager. as bosnian serb troops murdered, 8000 muslims. thousands were killed, trying to flee in what's become known as the death march the mr. through deal. that is, i promised my mother that had protector was. i held my brother's hand like a father oldest sons to be, but my brother was killed the slicker because it was. 6 6 the, the,

it remains the only recognized genocide in europe since world war 2 now will cause most of the bodies were left behind us. the lots are still here. the last class with you know, or the people of various ethnic backgrounds. bosnian croats serves but also tourists take part in an annual memorial march. many are troubled. the war and ukraine awakens. old wounds, houses on the end of the i actually come from sun check serbia from see a pull. yeah. but i have a lot of family in bosnia and i know the history of course, kind of there are many parallels to the warren ukraine. the old folks say the nightmares. keep coming back. real things happened here. they all hope that war

will never return. bosnia is still divided decay, which economically boston is very weak already mentioned, but people here still want to live together. in this stage, doc, mazda neo remains a multi ethnic state in the last census in 2013, around to 50 percent or boston, the ex, often secular urban muslims, around 30 percent orthodox terms, and around 15 percent, predominantly catholic pro us plus jews, roma, and many who reject such ethnic classifications most want to live together in peace . but not all you obviously, the bureaus are not on there, but i think that's one. this one said they would have been better for the people of bosnia and herzegovina if we had separated and each created our own states in the crow,

us would probably join croatian people. the serbs would have their own separate state, already formed called republic services, governors office. and they would say close ties with serbia. identical boys and the muslims would have the rest as a separate space which could be called box. and the sodium over the control shall cause us and there's a lot of some of those like boston. ready that reflects the serbian goals of the bosnian war and would unravel the current state, recognized by the whole world, including e, u, member of croatia and serbia. the falls now and here's the go. vena is a state composed of 2 political entities. the boss, no crow out federation of bosnia and herzegovina with sarah gave always, its capital and republican service got ruled from vanya luca with its own flag, administration, and text books public search. scott is me,

don't. i don't accept strong hold. the. there are also crow at national listen to dream of their own 3rd entity in the countries west, which would divide bosnia and herzegovina even further. or some of the missing the country should have been created as a federation with 3 federal unit cities forming 2 entities with 3 constitutive peoples, was problem attic from the starts viola for by much of the amend these tensions the peace march reaches its destination forever. anita every july 11th, thousands of balls the acts gather to commemorate the 1995 genocide. the former ducks you in peace keeper bass has been transformed into a memorial. each year. bodies of victims discovered in the proceeding 12 months are

buried here. many officials from the bosnian federation have come to make more or less conciliatory speeches as have ambassadors from europe. the united states, turkey, iran, and various arab countries. high ranking representatives of the un and nato are also concerned by the tensions but no bosnian serb russian, chinese, or serbian representatives are to be seen. the, the world's divisions are palpable here. long bringing peace to the country and its memories is a slow process. as if to prove that point, just outside strever needs, a bosnian serb activists have provocatively displayed portraits of their war victims. it's about defining territories,

the national. yeah, these are our service victims. my brother is one of them. you seen that they did 3267 dead by 1995. yeah, just saying it makes me tremble. the . ready what's the guess you sent me the comics bosnia and herzegovina is the outer edge of the orthodox world. or so it starts in moscow and ends in vanya luca. and as i further west, there are no more orthodox christian. but it's a couple of the same applies to the catholic world, begins in europe or show and ends up somewhere in bosnia and herzegovina order,

and the same for the islamic world. all 3 worlds meet here and where they rub. there's tectonic tensions indicate that those people, the image of the, in 1992, the war incited by the dissolution of former yugoslavia had become europe some bloodiest conflict since 1945, the ethnic cleansing had driven out hundreds of thousands of people. the siege of san diego had already killed more than $11000.00 and was dragging on all peace efforts had failed

the after the massacre of scrubber anita, during the summer of 1995 nato decided to put an end to the carnage and began a military offensive the air strikes finally forced the bosnian serb troops to retreat. the after months of shuttle diplomacy between belgrade sondra and sarah gave oh, the american diplomat. richard holbrooke summoned the warring parties to a huge u. s. air force base and your dayton, ohio. the on november, 1st, he received of the delegation leaders, serbian president slow, but the army law should rich, who would negotiate for the bosnian serbs,

will succeed, president from your to demand, representing the bosnian croats and bosnian, president alia he's bengal rich mazda . it's up to me is to call just for the day you told me he talked a lot about the atmosphere of the talks. they were confined to a military base when this was attacked, anything employed to force the adversaries to treat each other as human beings that way. and it was like the yeah, so they tend to be which ones that you don't need to go. let's see. it wasn't good to go into your some deaton, i was a delegation member of the state of bosnia and herzegovina. was a member of the collegial presidency. for me, the most important thing was to preserve the integrity of bosnia and herzegovina, such as to maintain a single territory with an internationally recognized boarders. these are things that i need some,

a me for years of war had hardened their positions for 3 weeks, every village neighborhood and who was discussed with nathan will set as ice the navy. she has a lot of, oh indeed. we mainly discussing territories quite which areas of bosnia and herzegovina would come under the control of republic, a search sca thoughts which part under the federations administration at least try to figure it out to you. e holbrook, a with whole group, let the negotiations that way, regular order all the rest involved, political objectives, which didn't seem to matter to the americans government. i'd see them the most important thing was to stop the war. this is always the negotiations for tens, several times the talks almost collapsed. finally, it was agreed that 51 percent of the territory would go to the bosnian cro add

federation and 49 percent to bosnian serbs. but little time was left to draft the constitution. each of the 3 constituent peoples, as they were called, would have to compromise to understand the service that they are going to the office tomorrow take some time. and the reconciliation is extremely difficult. thing to do is very easy to start off, most of which is very difficult to pay the debt dates. most of us have an easy degree and credits that install. i'm live in the a lot of the bosnian serbs did not get their independence today, but were integrated into unified bosnian hits and the box in the x did not get a unitary state that could be governed by a majority vote of them. if they don't know that was there during them before, because they were in the majority, they thought they could have much greater influence. right? because but they had to settle for a federal deposit and i am fed at all because i had to fit it all. most in the crow,

lance did not receive the political entity. they had hoped for only control over some captains of the federation of the board. it go out of this a go. they say it's better to negotiate for 10 years than to fight for 10 days. for me that about sums updates cool. the accord stopped the spelling of blood and destruction of the multi ethnic fabric of bosnia and herzegovina, skin. what the score to keep up was that you had to go in the, the core, the data and stop the war and the destruction of the explosion of hatred and the desire for vengeance. literally, that was the best thing about data, but also on a date to the a month later in paris, the great powers met for the official signing of the date and peace accords. including at the time russia that gave birth to the

current state with its a rotating 3 party presidency, 14 governments, and 165 ministers, and quote, as reserved at every level for boston. the ex serbs and cro us. it is one of the most complex constitutions in the world based on skin sport as we move most things just to let me know which in the dayton accords turned bosnia into a state which is dysfunctional, irrational, and on democratic national data excuse on democratic because the agreement did not give equal rights to all citizens dysfunctional because it has no est with far more levels of government than necessary. i think we have the largest number of ministers in the world. there is no other small country with so many ministers now that you brought in really start on the city of the obviously and the for see my now the email that we keep doing, we have a huge administration on the consumer. 60 percent of our g d p pick which is this, it puts in not the police or that the system is completely irrational. lock of your

name and they're not so not of the 30 years later, bosnians have given the post date and institutions all sorts of nicknames. frankenstein headache, a strait jacket once a refugee in berlin, lawyer, i mean a heritage. her outrage returned to san diego in 2006. she clearly sees our country's progress since 1995, a common currency, common license plates, a common central bank and army, but like most bosnians, she also readily pokes fun at this overly complex federal state. order phonology was cuz the guy that paid for the stuff class and that was the only reason manner. even though you're behind me,

we have the beautiful presidential building. each one of 3 presidents have their offices here, the one of your fall, 3 members of the presidency base to be per site. it's a gift from the data and the courts for medical. there are large countries like the united states, with many citizens, but only one president due to one. but we have 3 members at the presidency and many people here on the street today can't tell you how it all works. because it's so complicated and according to actually it's all so comfortable on and plus, the clearly visible in the center of sarajevo is another remnant of data in the office of the high representative of the international community for bosnia and herzegovina as a controlling and supervisory body that can pass laws and remove corrupt representatives. system schmidt,

former german minister of agriculture keeps his copy of the date and the cords, which give him special powers in his office is listed as his complete seats. hundreds of them off and i knew it would be complicated to see it, but frankly i had no idea it would be that complicated heater of the signatures a mr. is a big of image, stuff to touch months. that must be mr coachman davia. and the last mr. velocity, which tends to be stick to particle 5 very important that higher percent the higher representative are we just the final authority? so i have the last word. let's then try to be involved, hired. how did the internet's not truces? and once my freed assessors say between 20052007 had accomplished the essentials

like establishing the state and nations as laws from by the international community felt there was nothing more to do as can i knew more explosions. that next me things were going find this thing done. so we lost interest in bosnia manhattan. does interest. i found one the but the fall of 2021. when says john schmidt had just arrived brought a rude awakening. taking advantage of the crises in the middle east and ukraine, bosnian serb leader ermino, had done dig seas to the serbian part of the army. customs, duties, taxes, and health care system dealing a death blow to the fragile federation the base. so can this fight and does how them have set goals that fold i much. sec. we were indeed very alarmed how to us of interest. i suppose it didn't be selenium president at the time mister packard told me that talking people are talking about dissolution you by breaking up the state. hopefully some fish thought this,

but you should notice that there is no peaceful dissolution of states in this region. uh, dish dot is empty survey to your new bill. it asks you as long as the answer to your call for the international community didn't react, which greatly encourage the separatists and the so to that. but also they exploited the shift and the power bound mississauga. the americans were withdrawing from syria enough to understand the russia and china were gaining strength and all this encouraged the separatists by pissed on it. and when it gets furnished with all due respect, mister donates political stature resembles original cancel air, more than the head of state in the midst of the understaffing. thank us. been the last most school welcomes him in the pays attention to him. it is more because they hoped to use his influence to destabilize the country for snugly type notes into a dish dumpy, disabled by may 2022. the bosnian crisis had reached to you in security

council deeply divided by the war and ukraine. i invited mister christian smith hi, representative for bosnia and herzegovina to participate in this meeting. russia was already trying to destabilize the republic of mold over georgia, bulgaria. the wagner group was recruiting and serbia would boss now be the next front. and sort of give, we'll put this together in front of my office, appealing for my intervention to prevent that from happening. people not sit still as part is seek to dismantle 26 years of p. stipulate in progress and you know, smart that we do not consider german citizen, christiane schmidt, v. legitimate hi, representative for bosnia and herzegovina. we emphasized that mister schmidt has no right to speak for the international community and his level no soaps to the

system. schmidt was also becoming increasingly contentious in bosnia. many accused him of authoritarianism and partisan support for the bosnian croats. but neither the us nor the d, you dare to close his office. the high representative remained one of the few who could block don dix separatist efforts. today as i representative, i have issued an order suspending application of the river picked us up sca law on the move on the property. i have made the use of my ex security powers to bring the country a hat and to bring some people to reason. thank you very much. i'll feed us in

the us and visit depression. that is directly linked to foreign influence. pushed on me for you to be stuck on this a couple of the tests that i talked about before they did want to massage the the dates and agreements makes our job more difficult in terms of having to basically monitor 13 or 14 governments at the same time having to look at all the levels of the government and basically having too many people in a position to have power to have the opportunity to steal public funds to abuse their positions. for yvonne and her team, the privatization of the oil industry and republic us of scott is a textbook case with covert payments and kickbacks at the industry was bought supposedly by to russian companies. and you have the guys even card and that'll be sniffed. but there is still a large percentage of ownership of these group of investors that is suspected to

actually belong to people from the local government, either dot the or people close to him. we can only speculate because this was kept secret. and the, um, the so called consortium, all the companies who bought the refinery was seated in moscow was at a post office box. you know, this was all a project to basically on one hand, longer dirty money on the other. loads the resources here and extract this funds somewhere else. the is also underlining his close ties to russia by building this church dedicated to serbian russian friendship. it stands in the middle of bon your lucas, directly opposite the central government and the public television station. but

russian funding for the project has yet to materialize. the faces trains, tadpoles. just one of the examples was of me what i thought it here in the pool. because subscribe showing that he has free relationship with 14, with the russian officials. each was presented as a part of the russia investing in the pool would cut some scott, at the same time, all of the money for this. the construction of the subject basically came either from april because of scott or from serbia. the in bosnia, the fight against corruption remains complicated. and sarah gable transparency international invited all parties to discuss the issue in an online debate. all the

parties responded except to don't accept the serbian social democratic party and coal which is correlation, democratic union and parliament. these parties have blocked anti corruption laws required by the you. their leaders favor other relationships. these all to crowds like to hang out together and, and support each other. so the recently, when there was a situation and, and talk about sanctioning body for his secessionist intentions, the autobahn was his biggest allies. we've been b, you basically coming to buy me a little cut to me, came in restaurant where they made all sorts of deals. and after that, we can see increase all of the hung gear in money and companies including money for agriculture, but also concessions for solar plans. these can be seen as a consequence of,

of this support because nobody's getting anything for free. a good kind of conclusion. and corruption is even ravaging the famous rivers of bosnia and herzegovina. for years, active visits, abena chavez, and many other environmental lists in the balkans have been fighting the illegal construction of many hydro power plants. the green, a saw the furniture, the cause optimal drugs to, to say is adrena, the sava and all the great river is crossing the whole of the balkans united states . but he's not unfortunately, foreign investors as well. i know they can easily obtain building permit is uh, you know, some build dams in the balkans without permits well and circumvent the law said the

valley they come to build dams in the balkans, l as in a brothers big mines, jealousy, the only natural resources have been under threat for years, even decades. and so have our live a that's a new overall isn't coming us 0. that'd be in the shop. it's interactive as to colleagues regularly uncover a legal power plant construction sites. thousands are set to be planned in the balkans. around 150 have already been built in bosnia alone, often approved in exchange for bribes. the investors are locals, serves austrians and even chinese. interested in the balkans energy sources or raw materials the into the one of your reps most polluted cities. chinese entrepreneurs have been trying to expand the operation of

a huge coal power plant. so far the city and its inhabitants have resisted in republic, a search scott china has signed contracts to build highways and sarah gable. that'd be no salvage. and her and g o recently won a ban on many dams, a great victory. but due to the date and the chords, the decision only applies to the bosnian, croatian federation, not to the other half of the country republic. i subscribe. that's the absorbs of bus, the at the bus, the in hopes we now has such beautiful nature. you have now many of the arab too, is coming here, just to enjoy it is salvage continues to fight, but she knows the weight of the nationalist parties influence on government policy

and business. these are easier if you're doing some of the parties to get a job because um they are buying your loyalty and your role. and then they can control these 2 options. this is how it's so easy to control people, some parts of the citizens, because we are stuck in this country. as long as the people are separated, it will be more space for making a profit in crimes and correction. with every new crisis, the world fears that bosnia and herzegovina will fall apart. but besides threats and provocations, the institutions created in dayton, r d,

stabilizing the country. democracies are based on the principle of individual rights. in the united states, we have republicans and democrats and other countries. there are greens, maybe there are communist, maybe there are nationalist. the thing about dating is it and try and not a liberal democracy based on individual rights, but an ethnography based on group rights. there are many people, especially in the muslim crow that federation who do not view themselves as ethnic actors who want to engage in politics. who may be interested in climate change, who are interested in, in other forms of, of civil rights and not only us in the crate civil society has been fighting for years for a more democratic constitution. but amending the constitution requires the votes of elected representatives in parliament and of the presidency and all those whose

careers are based on just these ethnic identities. have little interest in that every now and then you have a political actor who is interested in crossing ethnic lines, but they don't have institutional incentives to cross ethnic lines to seek the votes of people outside of their estimate group. when you have politicians who moderate, you have more extreme political actors out fitting the moderate political actor saying, you know, you are not sufficiently representing our group. we are the true representatives of this group. and so in the end, you have as a result of these institutions, we have politicians tending to push towards extremely fragile, ethnically based governments like in bosnia, often need long term support from the international community. these howard an expert on un peacekeeping,

interviewed numerous diplomats involved in the dayton accords. when i was interviewing people about the process, it surprised me the extent to which they actually agreed with this analysis. and richard holbrooke himself. and his memoir expressed an expression of regret that the american negotiator simply adopted of this rigid ethnic idea without reflecting on it. particularly what it would mean for the long run in bosnia the dayton accords tend toward crisis, but it's not just dating. it's actually all regimes that are set up this way. they tend toward mobile as um and they tend toward in ela, the inability to come to political decisions for no one knows whether a different degree meant indeed. and might have ended the massacres. but the legacy

still weighs heavily 3 decades later. vehicle small, i'm still very bitter of a data and i'm sure to go through because i knew what was going to happen. i'll probably die. it was 15 east. why we would achieve pieces weird. it thought that we would remain at war impala to our section of political buttons. that's a still the case today. they've done that. the is paul's neo wants to join the e u in. we'll also have to eliminate all discrimination against those who do not identify us or grow out for balls the act yakima. vincy is jewish. several times since 2009. he and other minority leaders

have filed complaints with the european court of human rights. each time the court in strasburg has condemned to bosnia. but these decisions have never been enforced. quoted us so not only invisible to him, to save them as low cost low to the heat on the outside of us. they have to go in there. and because of our electoral system, hundreds of thousands of citizens of bosnia and herzegovina are denied the right to be elected to the highest offices. says there's it or so i'll call everyone cleans through this constitution like a drunkard to his bottle. as we say in our language, truly is though everyone is afraid to change anything because they don't know how it will affect their participation in government. because it seems like the whole side of skin or to show loss to the, the

in brussels. these developments are viewed with concern. the problem is that bosnia as political divisions are also present in the european parliament it's very feasible in the european parliament that there are different groups. if you look at the pro us, for instance, no matter which party, they all support the pro ration efforts to to intervene impulse, they have to go for now. it's cross party, nationalistic support. so i think this is a really a toxic barksdale and we need to have more unity in the you, in order to combat the foreign interference from certain countries. if we already split and we are in this way, actually fueling the deficiency between the 3 groups in boston, they have the coffee. now, how will we be successful in combating the influence of, of mr. put in for instance, or turkey, or are china. i mean,

there are so many who make a tom page of this gay ocean, this, this empty landscape. i think that you is really has the obligation to serve those people and not the political reasons with their own self interest. the some suspect, the nationalist parties in bosnia and herzegovina, deliberately sabotaging the institutions in the hope that the fragile state will one day collapse on its own. meanwhile, it citizens bothers me. ex, grow out serves, and others yearned for normalcy. massive out migration has been going on for years. the, as

a citizen, as i already said, it's frustrating, it's, it's the motivating, nobody cares about ordinary citizens. everyone talks about national interests, legitimacy of people's constitutional issues, etc. and nobody's talking about everyday problems about the economy. but at the same time, i do love this country and i want to do whatever i can to change the situation to basically have some kind of cold that there, there was a chance for things to change your she and her as i had few times, very bad movements and think i was thinking to leave it at this moment. hundreds of young people are leaning versus, you know, i'm not sure if i'm going to leave,

but i'm pretty sure and that side out vill traveling the world's recorded to to villages are emptying over bosnia and herzegovina since 2013, more than 20 percent of the population is thought to have left the country. ringback at this rate, soon only the elderly will be left in ukraine. leadership has already rejected the idea of signing a peace treaty, similar to the dayton accords the

. what's the hollins, the hydrogen b u, is guessing involved by packing the sustainable gas box. the costs out way to benefit the energy sol is mostly on this thing. and only a few level k, a 3. the amendment process made in germany in 30 minutes. d. w fights. mostly the situation in ukraine is getting increased even in the west of the country along the remaining many of those facing possible conscription of desperately trying to avoid getting dropped but voted got stand ready to still. i'm leaving the focus on us and 19 minutes

on the double, you know, i'm just can have a site and make the right decision, dw, and, you know, follow the, this is the w use visa, top stories, a couple of harris and donald trump have squared off in the only planned debates of the us presidential election campaigns during the show down in philadelphia, how does trump for reducing the abortion access on this refusal to accept defeat? in the last election, trump blamed the vice president for what he called the countries port economy. the ocean back to border security. they sent us and