in the center then shed hugs before walking off together, nashville, police spank, bon jovi and his team. it said it takes all of us to help keep each other. say, that's it from us for now. god office. so the can you see what old car tires have to do with you production? here's a hands on so really indeed the snow on youtube, the the

. this is where east meets west san diego, the capital of bosnia and herzegovina is a cultural cross roads. the turkish old town is characterized by centuries of autumn and rule and byzantine and orthodox influences. the austro hungarian monarchy left behind catholic churches and synagogues, and a monument to the austrian archduke franz ferdinand, who was assassinated. here in 1914, the scholars from the bosnian war also remain sparked in 1992 by the serbian minority in response to the founding of the independent republic of bosnia and herzegovina. the war claimed around 100000 lives the, you know, it's the,

one of the people still driving division in the country is me a little hot dog dick the strong man, if they prove like a sub scott, the part of bosnia and herzegovina with a ser, majority of bulk and ally of beijing and moscow thought exceeds bosnia is an artificial country. the serbian separatist leader has been promoting independence for years. the shoulder well then i don't believe in bosnia and herzegovina and at the use annual western balkan summit in december 2022 leaders felt that the war and ukraine had inflamed tensions in order to prevent the conflict from spreading to bosnia and herzegovina, they fast track the decision to make the country a candidate for you, accession the mountains that doctors just, we can clearly see that the war

a new frame is not only russia's crew war against ukraine. and then it also raises a crucial question we'll talk, received, and the rule of the strongest, prevail. what does it for democracy and the rule of law. and we feel the struggle also in the western vulcans, best by russia, is trying to exert its influence there, as is china. this discussion is about which side you choose to take. in this, i can try and almost 3 decades after the date and the chords ended. the war in 1995 bosnia and herzegovina remains fragile and divided. a country of 3 constituent peoples balls. me ex serves and cro ads. proof of how difficult it is to end a war. and how much more complicated to bring genuine peace the

. every year. thousands of marchers commemorate the fall of surrender. anita. on july 11th 1995. the buzz me back enclave abandoned by the un fell into the hands of general manager. as bosnian serb troops named, murdered, 8000 muslims. thousands were killed, trying to flee in what's become known as the death march the mr. through the i promised my mother that i'd protected was i held my brother's hand like a father hold to sons to be, but my brother was killed the slicker because it was. 6 6

the the, it remains the only recognized genocide in europe since world war 2 now will cause most of the bodies were left behind us, the lots are still here. the last class will be enough. the people of various ethnic backgrounds, bosley acts grow up, serves but also tourists take part in an annual memorial march. many are troubled the war and ukraine awakens old wounds. charles sanchez,

this is for the day i'd be in or i actually come from sun check serbia from vehicle . yeah. yeah. okay. but i have a lot of family in bosnia and i know the history, of course, kind of there are many parallels to the war and ukraine. the old folks say the nightmares. keep coming back. the rules, things happened here. they all hope that war will never return. bosnia is still divided. the kind put your economic lead, bosky. it is very weak. i already mentioned, but people here still want to live together in this stage, doc, mazda neo remains a multi ethnic state. in the last census, in 2013, around to 50 percent or boston, the ex, often secular urban muslims, around 30 percent orthodox terms and around 15 percent, predominantly catholic pro us plus jews, roma,

and many who reject such ethnic classifications most want to live together in peace but not all you, obviously the bureaus are not on there, but i think that's one. this one said they would have been better for the people of bosnia and herzegovina if we had separated and each created our own states in the crow, us would probably join croatian people. the serbs would have their own separate state, already formed called republic services, governors office and they would say close ties with serbia. it'd be nickel boys and the muslims would have the rest as a separate space which could be called box and the sodium over the control shall cause us. and there's a lot of some of those like boston that reflects the serbian goals of the bosnian war and would unravel the current state recognized by the whole world, including a member of croatia and serbia, or falls near and has a go. vina is

a state composed of 2 political entities. the boss, no crow, add federation of bosnia and herzegovina. with sarah gave always, its capital, and republica served scott ruled from vanya luka with its own flag, administration, and text books. public search scott is me, don't, i don't accept strong hold. the there are also crow at nationalists who dream of their own 3rd entity in the countries west, which would divide bosnia and herzegovina even further. or some of the missing the country should have been created as a federation with 3 federal unit 3, forming 2 entities with 3 constitutive peoples was problematic from the start to be less probably much of the

amend these tensions the piece march reaches its destination forever. anita, every july 11th, thousands of boss in the acts gathered to commemorate the 1995 genocide. the former ducks you in peace keeper bass has been transformed into a memorial. each year. bodies of victims discovered in the proceeding 12 months are buried here. many officials from the bosnian federation have come to make more or less conciliatory speeches as have ambassadors from europe. the united states, turkey, iran, and various arabic countries. high ranking representatives of the un and nato are also concerned by the tensions but no bosnian serb russian, chinese or serbian representatives are to be seen. the world's divisions are palpable here. long bringing peace to the country and its memories is

a slow process as if to prove that point, just outside strever needs, the bosnian serb activists have provocatively displayed portraits of their war victims. it's about defining territories the so yeah, these are our service victims. my brother is one of them. you seen that they did? 3267 dead by 1995. yeah, just saying it makes me tremble. the

most you're letting me go on bosnia and herzegovina is the outer edge of the orthodox world or so it starts in moscow and ends in vanya lucas. further west. there are no more orthodox christian blood as a couple of the same applies to the catholic world. begins in europe or show and ends up somewhere in bosnia and herzegovina order, and the same for the islamic world. all 3 worlds meet here and where they rub. there's tectonic tensions indicate that those people, the image of the, in 1992, the war incited by the dissolution of former yugoslavia had become europe's bloodiest conflict. since 1945,

the ethnic cleansing had driven out hundreds of thousands of people. the siege of san diego had already killed more than $11000.00 and was dragging on all peace efforts had failed the after the massacre of scrubber anita, during the summer of 1995 nato decided to put an end to the carnage and began a military offensive the air strikes finally forced the bosnian serb troops to retreat. the after months of shuttle diplomacy between bel grade zagreb and sarah gave up. the american diplomat. richard holbrooke summoned the warring parties to a huge u. s. air force base and your dayton, ohio. the

on november 1st, he received the delegation leaders, serbian president slow but down below should rich, who would negotiate for the bosnian serbs? really succeeded. president from your to each month representing the bosnian croats and bosnian president aaliyah. he's megabits mazda is up to meet the call just for the day. you told me, he talked a lot about the atmosphere of the talks. they were confined to a military base. when this was attacked, anything employed to force the adversaries to treat each other as human being with the trip. it was uh like the

yeah. so they tend to be which ones are generally do to you. it will say good to go into your some m deaton. i was a delegation member of the state of bosnia and herzegovina. was a member of the collegial presidency. for me, the most important thing was to preserve the integrity of bosnia and herzegovina, such as i mean, tina single territory with an internationally recognized borders. these are things that i need some a me for years of war had hardened their positions. for 3 weeks, every village, neighborhood, and hill was discussed with nathan said, as i stopped night, we should ask a lot of or indeed we mainly discussing territories which areas of bosnia and herzegovina would come under the control of republic, a search scott. that's which part under the federation's administration, at least try to figure it out to you. e holbrook here with whole group let the negotiations that way. but in order all the rest of the political objectives,

which didn't seem to matter to the american government, i'd see them the most important thing was to stop the war. this is always the negotiations or tents. and several times the talks almost collapsed. finally, it was agreed that 51 percent of the territory would go to the bosnian crow at federation and 49 percent to bosnian serbs. but little time was left to draft the constitution. each of the 3 constituent peoples, as they were called, would have to compromise to understand the service that were introduced yesterday, i go into the office tomorrow, take some time. and reconciliation is an extremely difficult thing to do, is very easy to start a horse, but it is very difficult to pay the judge dates. most of us have an easy degree of cripps. i just thought from live in the law that the bosnian serbs did not get their independence today, but were integrated into unified bosnian hits and the boss me, i did not get

a unitary state that could be governed by a majority vote. and i may have to something that was there during them before because they were in the majority. they thought they could have much greater influence because but they had to settle for a federal deposit. i am fed at all because they had to fit it all. most in the croats did not receive the political entity. they had hoped for only control over some captains of the federation of their budget. to go out of this and go, they say it's better to negotiate for 10 years, then to fight for 10 days for me that about sums updating cool, the accord, stopped the spelling of blood and destruction of the multi ethnic fabric of bosnia and herzegovina. skin. what the score to keep up was that you have to go in of the core the data and stop the war and the destruction of the explosion of hatred and the desire for vengeance. literally, that was the best thing about data. but last time, they thought of the

a month later in paris, the great powers met for the official signing of the date and peace accords. including at the time russia that gave birth to the current state with its a rotating 3 party presidency, 14 governments, and 165 ministers, and quote, as reserved at every level from boston. the ex serbs and cro, as it is. one of the most complex constitutions in the world based on skin sport as we move most things just to let me know which in the dayton accords turn to bosnia into a state which is dysfunctional, irrational and on democratic national data on scans, on democratic because the agreement did not give equal rights to all citizens dysfunctional because it has no est with far more levels of government than

necessary. i think we have the largest number of ministers in the world. there is no other small country with so many ministers now that you brought to really start on the city at the obviously, and it was the my now the email that we keep doing. we have a huge administration on the consumers. 60 percent of our g d p feedback, which is this, it puts in at the appraisal that the system is completely irrational. voc heavier now and they're not so not of the 30 years later, bosnians have given the post date and institutions all sorts of nicknames. frankenstein headache, a strait jacket once a refugee in berlin, lawyer, i mean the heritage how ratchets returned to sara hugo in 2006, she clearly sees our country's progress since 1995, a common currency,

common license plates, a common central bank and army. but like most bosnians, she also readily pokes fun at this overly complex federal state or different knowledge english because the guy that paid for the stuff class and that was the only reason matters. even though you're behind me, we have the beautiful presidential building. each one of 3 presidents have their offices here. so, and i mean, 3 members of the presidency, they to be precisely, ma, it's a gift from the data and the courses for medical. there are large countries like the united states with many citizens, but only one president due to one. but we have 3 members of the presidency and many people here on the street today. i can't tell you how it all works because it's so complicated. and according to actually it's all so comfortable on the plus, the

clearly visible in the center of sarajevo is another remnant of data in the office of the high representative of the international community for bosnia and herzegovina as a controlling and supervisory body that can pass laws and remove corrupt representatives system schmidt, former german minister of agriculture keeps his copy of the date and the cords, which give him special powers in his office is listed as his complete tickets. i'm good. i've um, awesome guy knew it would be complicated. see it, but frankly i had no idea it would be that complicated. here, the signatures, a mr. is a big a village. this is this to touch months. that must be mr coachman davia. and the last mr. velocity which i'm speech to a to particle 5 very important that higher percent the higher representative are we

just the final authority? so i have the last word let's to try to be involved. hired how did the internet's knowledge truces. and once my freed assessors say between 20052007 had accomplished the essentials, like establishing the state of nations as laws from by the international community felt there was nothing more to do. this could not no more explosions up next meetings we're going find this thing, guns we lost interest in bosnia might have to does interest i for the one the but the fall of 2021. when just young schmidt had just arrived brought a rude awakening. taking advantage of the crises in the middle east and ukraine, bosnian serb leader, amino if i don't dig, sees to the serbian part of the army customs, duties, taxes, and health care system dealing a death blow to the fragile federation. the base. so can,

that's fine. does how didn't have set goals that fold i much. sec, we were indeed very alarmed how to us of interest as president biggest lavine and president at the time mister packard told me that talking people are talking about dissolution by breaking up the state to flourish on dish. thought this, but you should notice that there is no peaceful dissolution of states in this region. uh, dish dot is empty survey to your new bill. it actually went along those lines between alco heavy international community didn't react, which greatly encourage the separate to the support up. and also they exploited the shifting the power balance to snog up. the americans were withdrawing from syria enough to understand the russia and china were gaining strength and all this encourage the separatism. so at this time, afterwards it gets from finish that with all due respect, mister duties, political stature resembles original cancel air, more than a head of state in the midst of the and they're stopping. think us been the last

most school welcomes him in the and pays attention to him. it is more because they hoped to use his influence to destabilize the country for snugly type notes and so distributed civil by may 2022. the bosnian crisis had reached the un security council deeply divided by the war and ukraine. i invited mister christian spirit, high representative for bosnia and herzegovina to participate in this meeting. russia was already trying to destabilize the republic of mould over georgia, bulgaria. the wagner group was recruiting in serbia. would boss now be the next front and survey, you will put this together in front of my office, appealing for my intervention. to prevent that from happening. we will not sit still as part is seek to dismantle 26 years of peace,

stipulate in progress in the last month, we do not consider german citizen crest judge smith, the legitimate hi representative for bosnia and herzegovina. we emphasized that mister schmidt has no right to speak for the international community and his level . no. so to a system schmidt was also becoming increasingly contentious. in bosnia, many, it's used to move off over at terry and ism and partisan support for the bosnian croats. but neither the us nor the do you dare to close his office. the high representative remained one of the few who could block don dix separatist efforts. today as i representative, i have issued an order suspending application of the river pick us up sca

law on the move on the property. i have made the use of my executive powers to bring the country a hat and to bring some people to reason. thank you. very much i'll feed us in the us and visit the board, but we're doing anybody mode. i've won the elections here for the 10th time. you know, in a foreigner tells us this is not enough to be legitimate. accordingly of bosnia and herzegovina cannot function without foreign monitors. this in nearly 30 years after signing the dayton accords and it can push it and then it should not even exist suppose to russia has never impose conditions on us. is there no quail, the other thing? yeah, the and yet,

russia's influence is clearly visible throughout rep who because of scott yvonne nicole 9, which is the executive director of transparency international. in bosnia. she oppose as dante and has for years been denouncing the ramp and corruption that is directly linked to foreign influence pushed on me for you to be stuck on the support of all of the tests that i talked about before they did one of them. so i still thought the dates and agreements makes our job more difficult in terms of having to basically monitor 13 or 14 governments at the same time, having to look at all the levels of the government. and basically having too many people in a position to have power to have the opportunity to steal public funds, to abuse their position as 3 ivana and her team, the privatization of the oil industry and republic. us of scott is

a textbook case with covert payments. and kickbacks at the industry was bought supposedly by to russian companies. and you have the guys even card ends that will bear sniffed. but there is still a large percentage of ownership of these group of investors that is suspected to actually belong to people from the local government, either dot or people close to him. we can only speculate because this was kept secret. and the, the so called consortium, all the companies who bought the refinery was seated in moscow was at a post office box. you know, this was all a project to basically on one hand, longer, dirty money on the other. loads the resources here and extract this funds somewhere

else done to it is also underlining his close ties to russia by building this church dedicated to serbian russian friendship. it stands in the middle of bundio luca, directly opposite the central government and the public television station. but russian funding for the project has yet to materialize. the faces trains, tadpoles. just one of the examples was of me what i thought it here in the pool. because subscribe showing that he has great relationship with 14, with the russian officials. it was presented as a part of the russia investing in the republic from scott. at the same time, all of the money for this, the construction of the subject basically came either from april because of scott or from serbia. the

in bosnia, the fight against corruption remains complicated, and sarah gable transparency international invited all parties to discuss the issue in an online debate. all the parties responded except to don't accept the serbian social democratic party and coal which is correlation, democratic union. in parliament, these parties have blocked anti corruption laws required by the you. their leaders favor other relationships. these all to crowds like to hang out together and, and support each other. so the recently, when there was a situation and, and talk about sanctioning body for his secessionist intentions, the autobahn was his biggest allies. we've been b, you basically coming to buying a little cut to me,

came in restaurant where they made all sorts of deals. and after that, we can see increase of the hung, gary and money and companies including money for agriculture, but also concessions for solar plans. these can be seen as a consequence of, of this support because nobody's getting anything for free. a good kind of conclusion. and corruption is even ravaging the famous rivers of bosnia and herzegovina for years active as the sabina chavez, and many other environmental lists in the balkans have been fighting the illegal construction of many hydro power plants. the

green, a saw, the asperity is up through a process to christine is adrena, the sava and all the great river is crossing the whole of the balkans united states . but he's not unfortunately, foreign investors as well. i know they can easily obtain building permit is uh, you know, some build dams in the balkans without permits and circumvent the last the they come to build dams in the balkans, l as in others dig. mine's the only natural resources have been under threat for years even decades. and so have our live a, that's a new overall isn't coming us 0. that'd be no shobit to interactive his colleagues regularly uncover a legal power plant construction sites. thousands are set to be planned in the balkans. around 150 have already been built in bosnia alone, often approved and exchange for bribes. the investors are

locals, serves austrians and even chinese. interested in the balkans energy sources or raw materials the into the one of your reps, most polluted cities. chinese entrepreneurs have been trying to expand the operation of a huge coal power plant. so far the city and its inhabitants have resisted and rep who would like us to discuss china and assign contracts to build highways. and sarah, you able, that'd be nice. salvage and her and geo recently won a ban on many dams a great victory. but due to the dayton accords, the decision only applies to the bosnian, croatian federation, not to the other half of the country. republicans subscript that's the absorbs of bus, that this bus,

the in hopes we now has such beautiful nature. you have now many of the arab to is coming here just to enjoy it is salvage continues to find, but she knows the weight of the nationalist parties influence on government policy and business ease. easier if you're doing some of the parties to get a job. because they are buying your loyalty and your role and then they can control these 2 options. this is how it's so easy to control people, some parts of the citizens, because we are stuck in this country. as long as the people are separated, it will be more space for making

a profit in crimes and correction. with every new crisis, the world fears that bosnia and herzegovina will fall apart. but besides the rights and the publications, the institutions created in dayton r destabilizing the country. democracies are based on the principle of individual rights in the united states. we have republicans and democrats and other countries . there are greens, maybe there are communist. maybe there are nationalists. the thing about dating is it and try and not a liberal democracy based on individual rights, but an ethnography based on group rights. there are many people, especially in the muslim crow at federation, who do not view themselves as ethnic actors who want to engage in politics. who may

be interested in climate change, who are interested in, in other forms of, of civil rights and not only as many crates. civil society has been fighting for years for a more democratic constitution. but amending the constitution requires the votes of elected representatives in parliament and of the presidency and all those whose careers are based on just these ethnic identities. have little interest in that every now and then you have a political actor who is interested in crossing ethnic lines, but they don't have institutional incentives to cross ethnic lines to seek the votes of people outside of their ethnic group. when you have politicians who moderate, you have more extreme political actors out fitting the moderate political actor saying, you know, you are not sufficiently representing our group. we are the true representatives of this group. and so in the end, you have as a result of these institutions,

we have politicians tending to push towards extremely fragile, ethnically based governments like in bosnia, often need long term support from the international community. these howard an expert on un peacekeeping, interviewed numerous diplomats involved in the dayton accords. when i was interviewing people about the process, it surprised me the extent to which they actually agreed with this analysis. and richard holbrooke himself. and his memoir expressed an expression of regret that the american negotiator simply adopted of this rigid ethnic idea without reflecting on it. particularly what it would mean for the long run in bosnia of the dayton accords tend toward crisis. but it's not just dating, it's actually all regimes that are set up this way. they tend toward mobile as i'm

and they tend toward an ela, the inability to come to political decisions. no one knows whether a different agreement indeed might have ended the massacres. but the legacy still weighs heavily 3 decades later. vehicle small, i'm still very bitter of a data shift to go through because i knew what was going to happen is i probably die. it was 15, the sly. we would achieve pieces, mute thought, but we would remain at wor, impala to our section, but hopefully touched on that. and that's a still the case today. they've done that the as far as the a wants to join the e u,

it will also have to eliminate all discrimination against those who do not identify us or grow out for balls the act. jacobo vincy is jewish. several times since 2009 t and other minority leaders have filed complaints with the european court of human rights. each time the court in strasburg has condemned bosnia. but these decisions have never been enforced to talk with us, so not only invisible to insist salem. this low cost to you, the heat on the outside and of course they have to go in there. and because of our electoral system, hundreds of thousands of citizens of bosnia and herzegovina are denied. the right to be elected to the highest offices. says there's it or so i'll call everyone cleans through this constitution like a drunkard to his bottle, as we say in our language. truly it, everyone is afraid to change anything because they don't know how it will affect

their participation and government as it seems on you whole side of this unit, which is of loss to the in brussels. these developments are viewed with concern. the problem is that boss me, is political divisions are also present in the european parliament. it's very feasible in the european parliament that there are different groups. if you look at the pro us, for instance, no matter which party, they all support the pro ration efforts to to intervene in boston has a golfing. now it's cross party, nationalistic support. so i think this is a really a toxic cocktail. and we need to have more unity in the you, in order to combat the foreign interference from certain countries. if we already

split, and we are in this way actually fueling the deficiency between the 3 groups in both they have the coffee. now, how will we be successful in combating the influence of, of mr. put in for instance, or turkey, or are china. i mean, there are so many who make a font each of the scales in this, this empty landscape. i think that you is really has the obligation to serve those people and not the political reasons with their own self interest. the some suspect, the nationalist parties in bosnia and herzegovina deliberately sabotaging the institutions in the hope that the fragile state will one day collapse on its own.

meanwhile, it citizens, bosnia ex grow outs, serbs and others yearned for normalcy. massive out migration has been going on for years. the, as a citizen, as i already said, it's frustrating. it's, it's d motivating. nobody cares about ordinary citizens. everyone talks about national interests, legitimacy of people's constitutional issues, etc. and nobody's talking about everyday problems about the economy. but at the same time, i do love this country and i want to do whatever i can to change the situation to basically have some kind of holes that there, there is a chance for things to change your shipment to as

i had few times, very bad movements and think i was thinking to leave that as well. at this moment, hundreds of young people are leaning bosnia. i'm not sure if i'm going to leave, but i'm pretty sure and that side out they'll travel in the world to create a to 2 villages are emptying over bosnia and herzegovina since 2013, more than 20 percent of the population is thought to have left the country. ringback at this rate, soon only the elderly will be left in ukraine. leadership has already rejected the idea of signing a peace treaty, similar to the dayton accords. the

answers the conflicts with sarah kelly. ukraine says that it's the recent incursion into russian territory has made a mockery of putting the red lines and that the west should go haul in to help when the war. i discuss the options with the finish foreign minister alina about. tony, thanks for having me. so how does she see the prospect of turning the side in bushes and phrasing of ukraine conflict in 30 minutes on the wi fi to the situation. and ukraine is getting increased even in the west of the country along the remaining. and many

of those facing possible conscription of desperately trying to avoid getting dropped but voted got stand ready to stop them, leaving the focus on in 19 minutes on the w, the living chinese d. w. party. how to make greener choices in your everyday lives. but honestly, try to move, you've been working 32 hours a week and you'd be better for the 5 minutes and 40. but of course we shouldn't be . no, you'd be the living scientists just hits, subscribe. whatever you listen to plug costs, the

business dw news line from ballot. the united nations condemns israel killing of 6 of its workers. a 1000 other people were killed in the stripe on a school in gauze of israel says it struck a homeless come on sunset. the u. n. c says what's happening in the territory is totally unacceptable. also coming on europe, central banks, cops, it's the interest rates decision named it kick, starting the european economy. but it was that inflation could still be a change up and from pop to the president to over to terry and lead to long time prison. we look back on the life of through.