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in 1997. the also would treat to you on the prohibition of anti personnel. land mines was signed by 133 countries with so he one more signatories coming off the woods. but today conflicts have become more deadly. and the vast majority of today's victims for civilians. experts estimate that in the 1st 2 years of the war and ukraine, 30 to 40 percent of ukrainian territory was contaminated with all types of explosives, especially anti personnel mines and costa bones. in this film, we revisit the events leading up to the signing of the also a tracy with the help of professionals experienced in mind action in columbia and sent a go. we look back the story of the prohibition of land mines in order to understand the treaties impact its strength and its weaknesses.

beautiful began in the late seventies and early eighties in south east asia. since the 2nd world war, the region had been repeatedly ravaged by serious um, conflicts the claims, numerous victims, civilians and soldiers alike. over a period of 30 years, the indo china was the korean war and the vietnam war all took that toll alone with the bloody repression at the command rouge and cambodia. from 1975 to 1979 entire communities trying to flee the massacres and sort refuge on cambodia as border with thailand. it's just the way, thanks to the television broadcasts. i learned about the cambodian tragedy. a pleasure, speaking with you in the cambodians were dying like fly as the most. the continued

throughout the summer of 1979 and the entire season afterwards, you should be poor. poor. i suggested that doctors without borders should go to count. you done to lend a helping hand he did with the app that became the formidable armada on the largest 2 mandatory in front of the last century. you know, they were close to 708 workers from abroad along this border all supplying the population. due to the there were truck convoys bringing water and bamboo to build camps. delivering everything necessary to meet the basic needs of 2 to 3000000 people on the board. i told you the beginning of the eighty's to managerial aid work really to cost will say it was a new concept and strictly speaking we didn't see it as humanitarian work in a team. and we were just a bunch of doctors, nurses and the poor in the case of handicap international orthopedic technicians. they do twice as long as there were people who volunteered for 2 or 3 years and then returned to their professional. like i said, you know, and others moved from one end to you to another. so you've got started with an

engine you before going on to work for an international organization. there was room for everyone to know. don't you by seeing that need to call. i think it was one of the best years of my life in terms of being useful that off of the offices, i felt this extraordinary satisfaction was this feeling of making a contribution me just the most safe to contribute to the rebirth of a nation. as we saw it at the time leaving, with tragic civilian deaths, dominating the front pages of the newspapers for the 1st time, the general public was exposed to the terrible reality of anti personnel mines. and the thousands of civilian victims develops at the home before the glass gets on there, there were a number of photographers who are anxiously awaiting the imminent invasion of thailand by vietnam. no, mammals, wendell, and one day, one of them told us about the plans of a small parisian organization to set up a program to manufacture medical devices. and for the buyers you have it on. did

you buy was exhausted major, but i wanted to stay chevy complete. i understood the absolute need to do something more appeal to you. the fact that goose was chevy, but i had no competence whatsoever when it came to these official functions, your name. so we found ourselves in an absurd situation as you were 12. cambodian artisans were selected for their skills and wood working fire and working and shoemaking seasonal goods. yeah. city to the portal, hope it all. so they basically all had a higher skill level than we did before. i went back under normal circumstances that would never have worked in the function. you jump up, teach trisha, ga, joined s o s on the phone, so frontier to set up workshops for prosthetic liens. in 1982, he co founded the n g, a handicapped international. my name is emily bucks. i was born and by somebody come boat here. i have my accident when i was 6 years old and at that time the

command rouge with taking over the convergeone. we have to flee a village we. we fled was practically nothing. was on the border between thailand and convergeone. one of the men from thailand pushed me on to an empty personnel. mine used. yeah. well i remember from waking up off to the accident to seeing my shredded left leg, i was carried on a stretcher to the cow. we done camp in thailand. when we arrived, i stood up, does they remove the makeshift bandage and seeing the state of my legs? the doctor suggested that my parents put me to sleep. i woke up a monthly so hold on, you as yours was you hear me. they had put me in a coma to amputate my leg before the i was just the ones when i was in the house with my parents, i heard a noise and wanted to see what was going on. and i also demanded what he was doing . and he told me that they were making legs for children like me. he's off, i'm comfortable. and that's how i met zone baptist muddy. do you mind about to do

homo sit that 30 from the moment we got this workshop going on? do you think we're up to? 70 craftsman and technicians would work. you know, beyond, there was an extraordinary atmosphere, full of energy, creativity, humor, humility and new self determination. these you beautiful conflicts showing that you had the baby. and the magic began working as soon as amputees with their prosthetics started leaving the workshop to play soccer volleyball, or a game of musical chairs, a wizard. let's just read the, the d. c, u. it took us 10 years old to come to the decision that we were willing to put ourselves in danger. okay. by making a loud and determined appeal, it didn't just happen overnight. so by desktop, any to lead deep on me,

i was unable to accept most with you in the 1st 10 years that our biggest priority was to give the n g o. a solid foundation that work is good for most who need someone to come in and that kept us busy. you know, i'm done and those are all settled. but one day we asked ourselves if we had perhaps become an alibi, we're not dealing with the actual problems and pressing issues that were evidence at the time of d. i see us as a public key, but doing it valuable measurement on that, please. so it was called the anti personnel land mine epidemic you know, to us. and it was a time when virtually all warring parties sleeping all parties to the conflict trust you were using this weapon on a large scale and in a completely uncontrollable way. many of the mall, uncle, po, number. i don't know that the mining happens thanks to a meeting with mr. ray mcgraw because stuff that i ran, my gra, my go to a strange phone call one day from this. with this french voice speaking in english

on the phone and he introduced himself as yelled with haste. shabby, i am. we talked for a long time on the phone. in the late 19 nineties, from a military officer rein, mcgraw was enough dentist on leading a project on agricultural zones that were listed with explosive remnants of war. he realized that nothing was being done to remove them, but he told us a bit about himself symbol throughout his career was his dream was to create an end geo, specializing in d mining. the nice key that'd be nice. he had an endless list of experts and specialist ready to go. when i asked him, what did he say it on? and then we said to him, re stop holding conferences, stop talking. all right, the field will pay you for a year and you go start the mines advisory group. as you told us, you have a lot of people who might get. so not only are you starting mag realty, but we're going to get you funding for your 1st projects over the weight lift,

you know, small the putting the portrait. um because of john, but to use contacts. uh, we managed to get uh, funding allocated for clearance in bottom bank, and that was the beginning of the of the program, the through the to organizations handicapped international and mine's advisory. group rashadi and mcgraw began discussions with other engineers, maybe co international in germany. and the vietnam veterans of america foundation, human rights watch and physicians for human rights in the us. in 1992, the 6 and g o is found at the international campaign to band and t personnel land mines. it will go quite small, sitting plenty of the 1st meeting to place in new york in september 1992 who in many big lots. so we issued a statement saying that we had to put

a stump to this for the production sale and distribution of anti personnel mines and had to be banned along with a cold for health for the victims. you don't have excited been declined. i assume everyone returned with this nice declaration and in our respective home countries, we all started looking into who the different players were in this international game ecto this, this issue, i don't assume that within the framework of the united nations convention on set and conventional weapons was signed in 1990 protocol to, to the convention names to prohibit to restrict the use of mines, booby traps and on the devices. but only a few countries rather find the protocol. it only covered international conflicts, nothing total conflict. so civil was, it also filed to full see potential technological advances in the field of weapons production. so that can time rate around that time we, we received a letter from the democratic senator lee,

keep it for years. he had been trying to convince successive administrations of the need for the united states to consider the problem. clearly that means personal fits that you do. let me assist you, dick, or is it does your name a clinical and he wrote to us that protocol to was going to be revised a new clearly these only little particles do it when i think it was from the eighty's and we were now in the ninety's either that did these are fucked up with i know when they don't use i make appointment is a revision, had to be requested by a permanent member of the security council. google keep behind mobile. he wrote that the united states would not do it. also quote you so the russians wouldn't do it either nor with the chinese lee loose, not a problem. and there was no point in talking to the british shop. that only left part of the socialist government of france 1st level associated east east when they did. and that's how we establish to regular contact with don. yeah, let me talk. if they put it on, who was then president of the fonts the about

a foundation on please quit, dealt with each of us. we took philip, shut off his scooter and met with her. then we don't. we told her our story and showed her lady's letters. she said she would talk to her husband fonts well about it on the bottom and asked us to come back in a week. following week we visited again on the scooter in new the she said to us, matter of factly francois is on board. settled back. this coincided with funds wanted me to cons. planned trip to put on penn. i've been, the foreign ministry, had decided that mitchell phone should announce the plans conference on the revision of protocol to in cambodia as shown to feel the country that was highly symbolic of the tragedy and humanitarian crisis caused by anti personnel mines. do that because you d do not see that was well received. we'd probably be noticing it's a different vendor. the on the, on the we came back from there was a handicapped, international and friends, but also the other 6 interviews from 1992 and quickly,

10200 and soon, 7, even 800 organizations emerged to spread across the world and stuck each pressuring the respective governments for the place you on your level ground level, we were looking in the same direction. and that to me breathes as a kind of almost the that is read in those kind of interagency meetings via it was being polite. some they don't want to upset and everything's done through but dos. this was where there was, nobody had any reservation about having an argument across to type if you disagree, lots of the media, things that were organized by the i z or c for else. and uh, you know, where you would bring military experts. and of course you would have these guys from the pentagon that everybody who would sit there and say, well, you know, uh, there's no problem with landlines. they just need self disrupt and i'm the, okay. they so they were talking to a bunch of angie owes tree,

how goes uh and then they, they actually met people who would clearly minds they were being forced to face reality. several conferences in vienna and geneva ended in failure at best the major countries were prepared to cook the proliferation of weapons, but a complete ban on anti personnel mines was not on the agenda. so there was a kind of a meeting set the until autumn law. i'm going to try a retreat if you like to get away from the formality jenny and and uh, but it got much bigger than if i thought it wasn't 20 people out there and 12 people and they were in jails and they were out for the the me when i went for 3 days to see if there was some way out of this stale megs and the contribution we made of the time was to say at the end of that meeting almost saturday morning i

go out and says ok, there's arkansas. so lose our agreement. and frankly, i don't a motel, i don't give up their hands. and by the, you're all back, i'll sign a treaty another while a year from now. and people saw that i was not much for the box. it was part of the french delegation and the diplomats were outraged. this is no way to conduct the international negotiations. they said it's just p r. it'll never work guy horse. i mean, although the negotiation seem to have stools yet, again, pressure from the general population grew, as did the support of public figures such as princess diana. on her trip to angola, she spoke count strongly against anti personnel mines. the berlin wall had a gall out. if it down to the cold war was over a degree and then to solve the blocks that had been in direct opposition. look, he suppose they felt a little and the auto with treaty was supported by a group of countries that had come together in canada,

showing the global scale of the problem. what was on the teeth to the deepest he did the appropriate magic on the on on the 3rd and 4th of december 1997, the tracy was opened for signature. on the 10th of december, of that same year, the international campaign to band land mines ended spokesperson, jody williams received the nobel peace prize. this was in recognition of 5 years of remarkable collaboration between hundreds of organizations around the world off the rest of the cation by the signatories states. the also a treaty came into effect on the 1st of march, 1999, a month the beginning of a campaign for the mass destruction of still piled mines of the one that is going to be loaded. and i thought that was when the also latrete,

she came into force in columbia, it really helped the country to organize in this field with the work was done to identify the victim. and so it says own, but i and we could finally create records of the most contaminated areas and the victims affected and other situations like these as a bodies. they the boy does, he does here. going on guess on phase colombia is a very agricultural country seen. it has a big, rural farming and indigenous population. this is a good time. the exclusion of large parts of society gave rise to guerrilla warfare on groups and military political organizations. a good in new bracy bo, if cnn, these are, let's have a profile with social and political agendas. and i would even say that in principle, they pursue altruistic goals. does anybody see feel? some of the fighters or landless workers like far and placing, while others are students who are fighting to transform society this and gave new

to them from that the form i assume the associate e could. okay, one nice thing i said, one of the main causes of change to this conflict was the emergence of a legal economic sectors in columbia, columbia, such as drug trafficking, the legal mining and the black market economy, or the us economy, as always going della, gets the same ritual every morning. the reputation of the same sequences following the same instructions might seem boring for the well rehearsed teams. but it contributes to minimizing danger and creating a site that must be the . the equipment is unloaded. the boards for the morning briefing at put time

together with the map showing today's operating area the vast to both heavy ending practical spots and necessary protection against a possible explosion. on top of that, the launch vises calls excessive slicing. rather than very va, my teammates a low grade out is the daily routine is as follows and they sign the workers arrive and movie equipment me 9 with 4 more and then they do a daily check and then where they look at the clutches, i mean check the oil, the order and make sure everything is in order. oh, it's a new instance. and just then we drive to the operating area and the most, i lot of the

day i don't know, he's on a, you know, i them will not fit, but the, the employees are checking in whether an explosive device has become jammed somewhere. and then um, i can apply that, you know, if i the way that can happen in empty spaces, stuckey the play line, follow all that in an explosive device, can get stuck somewhere. if the machine doesn't spit it out, that this will the cable holden as and once the employees have done all of the year, but uh, they wait for instructions to find out where to go next today i have you. of the

when i mean nobody's been getting my name is english most get one hour. so you know, i'm 28 years old and my was clearing minds. you know how to compute must be, that's a relaxing job because you only work 8 hours and half the rest of the day off is all and all that i was. you also just work for 45 minutes at a time. and then the rest for 15, nothing to have me something flo 4. so why don't you don't work too hard. so how most think days when the sun is very bright, we only work for 35 minutes. such a time to avoid fatigue or dizziness. i don't know if i did go might do one thing. i'm halfway because i get to see my daughter every day and help her with her homework. when i get back the scene,

every day is something that most of us knew that you, apart from that handicap international, gives you the opportunity to work as a woman. because being a woman actually makes it very difficult to find the best and with the fees and then i'll put a model smoked out enough of moony. yeah. now the community sees me very different. well, there are some things i'm a bit strange and say, what do you see in network supplement? somedays, something that can happen to political cycle, but also is telling me something. what i'm doing is very good. i'm that the see how, how do i work now? and then i really care about all those improving the my see me who they will always be some pretty good one to discourage you know, but also others want you to succeed? 158 and care. what was the guidelines before the

zoom of hello, my name is my but us on a c, i am a d minor and mother of 4 boys. i will turn 38 this year on the, on 3 tasks. it's on the platform i show. so i did, the training lasted 4 weeks, i think after the training, they put us to work and that was the beginning of the job and 2010. do 12 i see. sit down. didn't mean to be my husband degree to me doing this job. after i had found a house made was still here and practically lived with a edge man. i see a lot more sunk and fast. natalie and i'll be starting my seat defaults. sometimes i'm away on assignments for 3 weeks. the orders in it provides you so i felt it was necessary to also look for a tutor of a 50 to i don't see it because you've got the definitely the youngest of my 4 boys lives with us. some projects the other 3 are studying in the village. living with

my brothers. yes i you sometimes discouraged by the amount of work vehicle was in no discourage. no, never tell me. oh, that's cool. no. see, see if i ma, uh, i am proud to be part of this team. the d, my new team of handicap international here. and cuz i'm off the, i'm very proud of international customers. if i might be asked to complete the content that goes on most of the young function for the past 40 years, because the most has had an ongoing conflict between the senegalese state. an armed groups of a movement called m f. d. c, which demands the independence of cousin most depending the son catherine there. this conflict began in 1982, and it has taken a big tall in terms of human lives and resulted in the displacement of entire populations, hoping that you best cooperman mazda and get a leg kwasic on this has led to great instability spreading to certain areas with land mines fighting and sometimes roadblocks of it not presented to me to the let's

see of a close with all these insecurity. many people have decided to flee their homes in order to save their lives unless he needs to create a book with the best on somebody. let me on this, he did get a little of, i mean the phone got them in this inhabitants of the 1st villages were relocated in 1992 and they still haven't returned a by got like but them got them in the gums only the bit. click a population of fled when their houses were burned down in 1992 unit. all these areas have probably been mine. so that's why we saw that the mining of this area as a top priority on def, i don't think women are by them. so that's great, but them is the village where i was born according to the things that we had to leave in 1991 because of these events are the big corporate. and we haven't moved back since on your beautiful name before leaving the village and we were only a farming community growing cassandra rice and peanuts. and did you live well?

well, i can hear you and yes, yes, we lived very well. imagine your community one, you can't imagine how it was to live on a city away from our villages across our laptop. and thanks to the state that the miners have arrived at the i see, we really began to have hope, after handicap international approach. this one up on my side, what a spot people are born and raised here can finally return today. it brings you to tears, and the fact nature has taken over and everything is overgrown there. so we have to start from scratch by clearing everything. we can't just go back to where we used to live, so that everyone who's decided to return has to live in the same place for now. but at the mining continues one day everyone will be able to return to their own land, or is it the most important? most important, it is important for us to encourage the return of our residents to mostly not. it's not just them who suffer us, but also the community as a whole new, if the land can be used again, it's

a great benefit for the community. and the people will be in to use that come and support us also provide the population with an income and help them to get by until they can return to their land and settle down for us. then sunday morning, good morning, everyone of august. and once i am happy that you're all back and doing well, miss you leisure, charles will bring you up to speed. why don't i fill them out when it allows the motors to look at the moment we're working on clearing this area as well. and so in 3 now when i did, you did about we've just started 2 meters away from the center and after 30 meters with that. and we were able to open up another corner door to the left hand. a lump method will not be we'll get another block i wish to come talk. let me make this much progress to that amount. well, now we're currently a 150 meters from the start of the root you did. we did up to be within the last 17 days, we've only been able to clear 227 square meters completely block to the amount was

we're currently done today. we're in this sector to show what programs we'd be making. a good a, but i'm, i'm on to the left progress when you were the last. well, no, i'm frankly, you money down. we as you mounted tv and workers on and as a humanitarian organization is, are not so interested in knowing who late the mines need do parts. but we knew that both sides of the conflict have done so. i mean, i think we knew that our borders are easily penetrated and it makes it very easy to to lead mines. i said, but you know, that's why we see millions of belgian, spanish, portuguese, and russian origin as, as part of all of these, of, to including explosive devices. a french origin can be finding cars amounts to use those in process. or how did they end up here? well, so that's the big question. everyone's asking, i guess you with that one. so please, all these countries with the exception of russia have stopped producing and next bolting anti personnel mines. all those found today in the soil of cause the most

will light this for 1999. so i was just wondering how much is the the sweets foundation deacon's founded in 1998 has developed various models of d mining machines of different sizes depending on the different needs and types of soil and terrain on the ground for 25 years. dig, it has found public or private donors to finance the machines and made them available to n g o is free of charge. the number you can see,

you have 2 teams of 2 positions on this route so that the teams are at a safe distance from each other so that in the event of an uncontrolled explosion, the other team will not be effective. we're not going to need to look to be them this up to the 1st team open to to meet her white corridor, which in the event of an accident allows the 1st team to use it and provide 1st a today before the due date reform is so cool, a large introduce today we start by this blue cole, which marks the beginning of the day. give you the window. we've only been working for 45 minutes. so you can see that the progress is very slow. uh, progress on any of them on. yeah, but it'd be no peace, don't so long to see that our new fix partners and the teams be so little out there from her. the teams are put together depends on the teams leaders, plans and the performance of the individual. i see. so i'm, you can go and get, they want someone more expedients to be with someone else who has just joined the team. so then they can shuffle the teams accordingly. so you may receive a mix it the

that from what did you do when you found you? cuz mine. yeah, that's good, kayla. don't good. i was scared. i'm not sure. but also excited for you should be scared. he is. it's the 1st time you found one, but you know what? it can do. a lot of the same time, you're happy to know you're saving lives. you sit depressive nichols, if you hadn't founded an explosion, could have killed someone or torn their limbs off the data. we'll see if that was for the another family in trouble don't. let's see. and so, i mean there are 2 sides to this work, which is close to see if there's a fee, cuz i think the

we discovered a munition next to the corner door where the bravo operator was working. okay, what have you done? this is sunday loud as getting my check to make sure there weren't any booby traps anywhere to assemble, but it's all good. so i closed it off and were waiting for instructions on the desk . okay. okay, just take a photo for me and return to the safe soon. then we'll get instructions on how to handle the munition that the municipal, what's about. okay, over and out. yeah, can you take the photos you probably for to amber j sunday. i pro everything below, digging around it notes and, but i couldn't find anything. okay. okay. it's

a missile hand to hook up. since this is a complete de mining operation, we can just destroy it on the spot typically. and i could see plus. okay, so go off or focus on in order not to slow down into work for me. we'll close this car door and continue on the other one of these a bit, contacts the local community across india to one of the population that we're about to designate the explosives. so for prepare, i want a lot of this on around the 3. so if they hear a destinations on time, they won't be surprised because we sit on 5635 was some this, oh my. okay. yeah. less and less and less than this one. yeah. so much time it's just that cool here. fun. and they, you know, when i'm doing a business a i the good

what me a lot me and then you would need to do with the ad 3. i was the same one. 0, i agree. oh wow. of the the 12. hi. how are you? very good. thanks yourself. good. thank you. good. good. you're all sweaty. yeah, it's hard america. i'm just letting you know that we found something on a nickel wrapping up. okay, thanks and found some explosives. no, no you. where am i seeing over there on that track over there by the intersection? i'm interested in?

no, no, i don't really know, but i think it's inside the area where we were working last time. did you see that we? yes, they made it to bob. bob. no, no, not yet. that's what i just mentioned. there is an intersection. uncle obviously says, you know, they haven't gotten there yet. they discovered it right. on the other side. i see possible. so yeah, so new, i think it's just about there. i don't know if you could see it, but i think it's in that area. they found a missile head approval of that. okay. okay. all right. uh, did you say i've got dogs and we will destroy it at 2 o'clock early. i'm so maybe we'll show you the photo leader. i'm over at the one place. that's what the hell is accurate. okay, thanks and may i ask who locals on? hold on to who to and back to the civil. yes. oh good.

so let me just try to what the munition has been covered to prevent it from flying through the air as a result of the explosion to the different. everything is ready. the next, the explosions in the sand bags are in place. so i've got to so we all go to the seats soon and only the person gets anything. the exclusions will stay behind it, accompanied by a person who will do the final diffusing. so you see this is the procedure for an on site. the definition size though, while all is at the lot dispute structure, plus the,

the nation is going ahead. it's not a mind, it's a rocket and you okay. all right. okay. over and out was, was on the said, all the employees and the season. wait, i'll double check. okay, so that's a nation in less than 2 minutes. under that. so the mazda done. a lot of the all units done by the destination will begin and all the nice for me. i will copy the b 51 by 10. so here we go.

so that was that like 5 times 10 minutes. the guys, most of them felt a bit shaky here on validated, we have to wait 5 minutes for the gas to settle before we can go and have a look just to canada or something. but given what we heard and felt, i think it's all going of the brand, the one that it went well onto the mountain, were clearing the equipment, in addition to the c panel. all right, got it over. and i did this because the mon, congratulations everyone. we had a great day with an impressive result. so today we save some lives to the funding, easy. as you probably noticed, the deputy village chief was here in front of us, very proud and very happy with what we are doing well. yeah, i was lucky, i always have that with us. so we just have to keep up the good work fund bought

this equity so month on the value for continuous recept last week the. 6 as the do you mean measurements, humanitarian demining was pulse of a mandate to protect civilians. it consists both of saving lives and recognizing all the rights of these people as quickly as possible. in other words, a right to basic services or right to personal projects are right to piece and to economic and social participation in the community. and this what goes far beyond mine clearance and we see it as the reduction of volumes as a whole. don't some of them look like a whole pause showing. there's an inherent contradiction of time built into our work a little something on the one hand. and there's the immediacy of a crisis and to humanitarian emergency. but this kind of campaign also takes a lot of time and then perseverance before actually bringing about a change in the law from the norms and people's behavior. it took 15 years from the

moment, the person stepped on an anti personnel mind in cambodia, mozambique, or, and gold to get to the audio a treaty in 1997. it's about the tone and the difficulty of our work is to get people on board within that time. it is also set this bus stop. so the facility to contribute some, it's difficult to fight the pessimism including these days involved. when you see the images of bombings and ukraine, syria, or a young man, what do you mean? uh, but if you work intelligently through research, mobile, ization, of citizens and dialogue with decision makers. and i take these by informing those of the structural causes of a given problem. we can reduce the human suffering and the number of victims email, and we all assume this classroom. and i think we are facing the new challenges which are expanding every day. or i couldn't really see them as so it is also the tracy. but i certainly have a relevance to how effective the treaty is. we can say that crazy fantastic. you

know, we, we bundle the personal lines while in countries around the world. and the personal lines of being late real, what tool did you notice because of return of anti personnel mines to the, to the home today, $6000.00 victims per year. a few years ago we were 3000 ruth, it's a, it's a reminder that the audio a treaty wasn't achievement, but it didn't. and the struggle to uh, as long as there was a state that uses or produces anti personnel mind, as long as there are victims of anti personnel mines, the work will never be over you to that. and that's what's unique about our work secrets and whatever over. and so i'm in the

business. let's view. we'll tell you the story. we have a, getting a visa is more difficult than finding gold hosted to use force and for the future in the stories and issues that are being discussed with for us to use africa in 30 minutes on the w, the

togetherness, the pages and says this came off of the to julie zullie, the inventory, and click the living in our society is full of contrasts and inequality is a big challenge. many problems can only be solved by working together. yes, i think of each other's in this leaving. what is home? how do we talk of the major issues about time? talk about the, the, there is

a significant risk of human extinction from advancing our system. our series continues to d. w. the, this is the deadline using these are our top stores as president for a lot of minutes. lensky says a ship, caring ukrainian grain was hit by a russian miss all. and the black sea expenses. the ship was in romanian waters when it was hit. so landscape, calling it a direct attack on vinyl shipping words and global food security. donald trump says he wants to buy a couple of harris again. the former us president insist c one and cheese dice to bite, and that harris is desperate for.