the definitely be helpful. thanks so much goodbye. the she's the head of a country that knows this has been notified by china for almost 75 years time to see for his country to best business. china, september 27th on dw the between 19451954 friends waste, a merciless war,

more than 9000 kilometers from paris. this war was marked by bargaining and betrayal, idealism and disillusionment. it was a vassal for freedom and subjugation. full of hope in pain the this war dentist stick to the country, cost hundreds of thousands of human lives and initiated the collapse of the french colonial empire. it was a war with many facets, a colonial war, a war of independence and a cold war. a war this beat almost for gossen today the by the 19 thirty's friends re over

a huge colonial empire that extended over asia africa, america. and was sienna. it was populated by more than $50000000.00 people on an area covering just under 11000000 square kilometers. fringe into china, consisting of laos, cambodia, and the 3 via the muse regions. tom, keen on them and coaching china were seen as the crown jewels of this empire. friends had ruled there for more than 70 years. the in the streets of cycle and annoying who ate the same scenes, played out again and again the

most colon, this way, the keys life and the city where you repeat and living standards where the nor the, the small businessman negotiated lucrative deals and coffee terraces. their wives lived in luxury in a sealed a higher level world. the, for many french people into a china was a model colony, the

the most of the 36000 colon this thrived in the tropics. the life of the vast majority of the around 23000000 into chinese was much bleaker oxidation reduced mortality rates. and the middle class benefited from the presence of the french. but many vietnamese had to work in mines. factories don't farms the decades after the abolition of slavery perusal, farms of exploitation still existed. the colonial rulers exploited the nation's natural resources for timber king t rice and above all rubber trees which yielded huge profits. the resources that created the wealth of major industrial

groups is reveal highly missional. as a well known song, goose, the rubber leaf is unlike distant green. each tree is nourished by the corpses of the workers the any resistance to this gigantic colonial program of exploitation was harshly punished. but then something happened to change the situation. in 1940 the japanese army occupied large areas of the colony and a little differential administration formerly remained in office japan to control and plundered the country in a grand scale. a double blew for the indo chinese. and now they were being exploited by rulers both old and new an intolerable situation for the vietnamese, literally sion movement fighting on the front line and experienced

revolutionary named when i call born in 1890. he was initially a member of a freed assessor to the socialist party and later, a finding member of the french communist party. he cut his teeth and paris must go in badging before becoming one of the founders of the vietnamese communist party. 2 of those in power the vote communist changed his name several times eventually and 1941, which was a name he would use for the rest of his life to cim in that same year we find at the vietnam and the league, the independence of vietnam the next 50 years old, he was looking for the right opportunity to attain independence for his nation. and before long that opportunity presented itself.

in march 1945, it was clear that germany and japan would lose the war. the japanese that occupied into china for 5 years and wanted to drive the french out of asia. the attack, the cold on this. the majority of french soldiers waiting, turned in temps. the to put an end differential. tokyo granted independence to the 3 into chinese nations. in cambodia, the young king no, don't say i knew it, declared independence the in laos, kings this event, bomb assume power and in vietnam and per about die, declared independence of all these rulers may have one there through the power still remained in the hands of the japanese,

the french into china ceased to exist, the, the in may 1945 after almost 6 years of bloodshed. the 3rd or i ship it truly to the war in europe was finally over the many countries celebrated the victory over nazi germany. within the pacific region, world war 2 continued the japanese pro pierce resistance to win, the americans needed intelligence on the japanese troops still occupying into china the for his part, which he min turned to the americans for support due to their anti colonial stance . he placed his few men at the disposal of agents of the west, this

a 4 runner of the c i a, which was operating in the region they provided in valuable information on the occupying forces. in return the united states provided weapons training to some 200 the admin fighters. when the time was right, they would be able to rise up against the japanese invaders the major archimedes patty had up the o. s. s and into china confessed lovely remarks as to the relay of these via mean guerrillas was to fight the jobs. and that was the primary objective of our plan. the, this unusual collaboration was captured on several photos, which men can be seen them on a group of american officers. the smiling man couldn't knew that 20 years later, they would clash in the vietnam war.

and a few months later, in august 1945, the atomic bombs dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki, field trip and surrender. the whole team meant it was the perfect opportunity. japanese troops were leaving the country and the french had yet returned the road was clear. ot men called his supporters to occupy official buildings. incredible di was deposed and which he meant give a historical speech. and the 2nd of september 1945 on how noise bought in square the throughout the last 80 years. the french imperialist, abusing the principles of freedom, equality and fraternity, have violated the integrity of our ancestral land and oppressed our countrymen. for

these reasons, we, the members of the provisional government of the democratic republic of vietnam solemnly declared to the world. vietnam has the right to be free and independent, and in fact has become free and independent. the one who came in hoisted the flag of independence. you won the hearts of the vietnamese people. the call to uncle, who is popularity was immense. for the battle wasn't yet one. on the contrary, it only just begun the schoolboy recalled of the 60 use of carrying the disown of being on the phone domination. we had our presidents and the declaration of independence, like every on the free country in the world, the young vietnamese mac root. in his diary, today we have free 3 to last to sing,

to live independently. crying substance of the country of the father's friends viewed the independence declaration as a crude to force or shall the gall then president of the provisional government paris didn't have to by which the dictates of this rebel friends had to re establish its reputation with blood in steel with necessary, the restoring the colonial empire was a top priority. the goal immediately dispatched a popular general world war 20 phillipe, look that would clock into china. the nation had to be recaptured from the via min looks. there's 45000 soldiers quickly launched

a military operation. the call didn't consider a diplomatic solution. the guns would decide which human couldn't afford or who is pregnant to negotiating with the french and allowing them to return their troops to vietnam. the laclare had conquered coop pro paris and strauss book. now he added, sighed, go on and i know it to his victory list. the french calling this could breathe a sigh of relief. 3 months earlier, they being massacred by the japanese and feared for their future. now, the excitedly greeted their liberators. the veterans of the 2nd tank division must have felt like the liberation of power as all over again. the colonial order had been restored. but the re conquest didn't bring peace. to put an end to the fighting,

it go fusions and friends were necessary. the, the food team in was full of hope. upon arrival in liberal shape, we did buy tears from a delegation of compact trips. he addressed his host in french for the process. let's what, what did my french brothers did? agent know we french in vietnamese have them, they might deal, leave it the liberty, the demand for trinity group, and we're pursuing the main goal, the democracy piece. that's why i'm sure that france and vietnam will be in a position to understand one another who is the end developing the oil and friendly collaboration. a gun? no john the front and then the 2 weeks later, on the 6th of july, 1946 negotiations began and fontainebleau. the new prime minister george be

do seen here on the left. welcome to vietnamese leader of things. go talk to about start pushing man had barely left side gone. when the high commissioner in india, china, the dodge under, proclaimed the creation of an a ton of miss republic. encroach in china vietnam's prosperous southern region, where most of the coldest under businesses were concentrated. darshawn you acted without consulting paris. the move constituted the trail, as coachman had to leave claim to all the vietnam. it delta, cbs, blue to the talks. the conference ended in failure. the vietnamese negotiates are acknowledged. we agreed on just one thing. and that was the weak, redone, nothing. the

human didn't return empty handed. the negotiations have given him international stature. unite if we have to fight, we'll fight. you'll kill 10 of us and we'll kill just one of you. and in the end, you will be the one who gets tired of it. the it wasn't long before the simmering conflict escalators. on the 23rd of november 1946, the french navy bombarded the port of hi phone. the trigger flashes between vietnamese police officers and french soldiers following the seizure of the men cargo boat yung from town tom recalled. it was floating high. some was known as the city of red blazes. in may. the trees bloomed,

but it was november. the red color came not from the flowers, but from the fires more than 6000 feet in the meetings, most of them civilians were killed in the attack. the 14 men decided to hit back. a month later on the 19th of december 1946, he called on the field of these people to rise up. he who has a gun, let him use his gun. he who has a sword, let him use his sword. let everyone fight colonialism. i know he went up in flames. french nationals were killed, some buildings booted,

a chain of escalating violence, was set in motion. the french army failed annoy, day and night. in february 1947 french troops, we gain control of the new chinese capital, which he made in his man, have gone into hiding the impassable border region with china. but this was just the start of the indo china war. at the time, friends didn't have a stable government since the goals resignation, 135 governments, and just 2 years occurring, domestic political crises, comfort, any sensible decision making the general look they are warned. you need 500000 men to win. otherwise, we might as well settled them as a now ground independence and save ourselves of what we caught with the players.

words were not heated. in 1947 pulled her body's government decided on a strategy and an interest in the war. as soon as there was older and security, it was a way of buying time as new government wanted to give up into china. it was too important for the colonial empire. the signs were all pointing to confrontation. on the, at the time, the french far east expedition record into china, numbered around a $100000.00 soldiers. volunteers who sold adventure, wanted to defend their country for earn a few stripes. the pushy men had only $60000.00 motivated but poorly equipped man.

the consequently within less than a month, the french we gain control for large areas of the territory. a soldier wrote to his brother while fran, incredibly, the enemy has almost vanished into since it's a perfect military expedition. but who came in, like all the other viet been leaders, eluded the french. his fighters were finding their strategies they were led by a former history teacher general when to shop the brilliant military tactician harbor to per noticed hatreds of the colonizers with good reason. his 1st wife died and a french jail and his sister in law was executed for her communist activism. since

the battle of hanoi, jeff understood that his man had neutrons of defeating the french army in regular confrontations. guerrilla warfare was their only chance, supported by their knowledge of the terrain. they would force their opponents in a war of attrition. which even compared his army to a tiger facing an elephant. and it's a tiger doesn't move the elephant will pierce it with its powerful tasks. but the tiger is always on the move, striking fast and hard before disappearing from then on the beach, then we'd launch rapid surprise attacks and withdrawal into impenetrable areas. the vin were as good as invisible. the french army wasn't prepared for this kind of warfare. the

perfect military expedition became hell on earth. the an ambush could lurk along any path in any jungle or an any race. patty, a corporal confided the seat in front of the piece of foot become a worst fear. every time it's a willing to get infected, a blow to morale. and then 2 or 3 of us, a call to come to transport the injured test, the, the war was always a battle field was unsettling. the officers one captain confessed here with finding it hard to control this unpredictable. it's not much like what we were told to assess here. as for all material superior warranty, it doesn't help us much in this terrain with tank some lawrence get folks down

the, the already difficult situation was about to get even worse. the ras, isolated and surrounded by a population they couldn't trust. french troops responded with violence and random acts of revenge. the sergeant shown cold mess. i'm in route to see on say the 1st village we came across was sacked and we didn't want him to stop. so we bumped down the village. the men were taken prisoner and the women were given for the front coats. what address we counseled few is just

a single anecdotes from the war here. the on the 29th of november 1947. the french army entered the village of co who and started to see it. now. 286 inhabitants were massacred. far from winning over the people. the expeditionary forcefully fueled their hatred even more. the when comes one teenager at the time was hit by a french bullet. he described his experience. i don't know what i was thinking about except kidding. the french. i was obsessed with that. but everyone was thinking about that. that's what we do when we grew up killed the french, the, the acts of a prize over the colonial army and its brutal treatment of the vietnamese

population. drove thousands of recruits into the arms of 14 minutes. the air was atrocious, but it made a lots of people, rich sex workers, gun runners, merchant shopkeepers, the old, freighted illegally, not least the admin. opium weapons, everything can be bought and sold. they bought into chinese p extras for 10 francs and then sold them in france of the official rate of 17 francs pocketing the difference or had its benefits a frenchman and the import export business said how many more good you do you think they'll be in india china, and that's the last the,

despite a number of attacks by the, the admin fee is thirty's. we're not concerned. in 1947, the national defense minister declared, i believe that there is no longer a military program in detroit. the success of, of weapons is a devastating miscalculation throughout the world. colonial empires were crumbling. britain had already given up india salon and burma. the netherlands was in the process of lighting indonesia ago . the french leaders weren't blind. they realized that sooner or later, they would have to make concessions. but france clung to its empire. in 1947, a crushed of bloody revolt and madagascar, the african colonies were to be retained the,

the intended to delay the inevitable for as long as possible. investments by french companies, access to raw materials and the countries reputation were at stake. apparently too much to abandon the crown jewel of the empire, the the, to present the loss of its territory and crush communism. paris devise a political strategy in an attempt to deprive coaching men of popular support. the french relied on an individual new to all the these follow dive, the former emperor, supported by the japanese in 1945, the next the number that you know,

the improve on i apologize arrives at home on day where he was officially received by you mean for the commissioner of friendly and indo china, eva talks are vital observers agree that this meetings and represent a turning point it into a chinese politics. you know, they're not putting together the, the french trusted, the sophisticated, conservative fluid also being brought up in france. but the ex emperor preferred a life of leisure with the old buffalo hunt, rather than take on the role of head of state. his nickname was the night club emperor paris, 1st him to lead a vietnam that would appear independent from the outside. but that would in truth be completely dominated by france. but he hesitated. paris lost precious time, controlling the population had become a crucial issue. while the french were banking and bow tie,

14 men was binding on the masses. in 1948 the admin launch their 1st major petri allstate campaign, a well established propaganda tool in the communist world. one of their goals to strengthen their influence on the farming community. the party organized competition. villages that donated the most rice, losing or meet to the admin fighters, received a certificate of patriotism, the political commissars to the country. encouraging people to spread the vin message to the admin soon boosted its ranks to 400000 fighters. membership was off in the scene as an honor the young. it's on time route. this is one of the happiest days of my life. i'm no longer alone and i belong to the

2000 strong eastern people. regiment is month to is. we are sitting about victory, the political opponents were illuminated in cold blood beneath his unassuming manner coaching min was a true linen nest. nothing could divert him from his 2 objectives, independence, and the establishment of a communist regime. while the french were committing atrocities the communists conducted a brutal crack done on rival nationalists, both sites use intimidation, torture and murder to achieve their respective goals. the influx of volunteers gave communist leaders the opportunity to switch from guerrilla warfare to more ambitious operations. on the 1st of march, 1948 fighters attacked a convoy escorted by a 150 french soldiers. on the side,

on deluxe route, for the french, the assuming vassal was the disaster. with almost 100 soldiers dead, more than 200 taken hostage in france, the war came under increasing criticism. the communist party was one of the country strongest political forces at the time. it denies, but it called the dirty war, which it said serve the interest of finance and big business its slogan, not one man, not one penny for the vietnam war. this was during the cold war and most whose influence was widespread in the ports. doctors went on straight to prevent arm shipments into china the to start up public opinion communist acted a secretly filled the things no one wanted to see. the coffins of french soldiers

being unloaded and their dozens, every day in the greatest of secrecy. the french leadership became increasingly unsettled, public confidence had to be restored at all costs. the in late 1949 after 3 years of war. from such a bill to crush the vehemence, despite disappear the odyssey of his army. in the absence of a military solution rulers finally granted independence to vietnam and installed former improve, follow, die as head of state. but this independence was entirely symbolic powers retained control of defense, currency,

foreign policy and trade. the french authorities believed their gesture would come things dire minister of war. acosta flurry declared way, finally out to the terminal. but it was too late. the admin consolidated its hold on the country above all in the north jump and whole team and expanded their armies. companies became battalions, battalions became regiments for the previous 3 years. france, it's always been a step behind by refusing to give up. and the thing friends would end up losing everything. what's another event which further shit, the balance of power. the

on the 1st of october, 1949, the communist seize power and china. nazi don't proclaim the people's republic from then on the mid could count on the help of their big red brother to win the war for who came in. this was an immense relief. communist china supplied weapons and experts. the details to offer generalship a century where he could train his troops are from french guns. the impact was huge . the world had entered the cold war era and the spread of communism in asia alarm . the united states in the week of the communist takeover in china is another region was visited by war. in june 1950 north korean troops attacked south korea. the for his

2nd term in office us president harry truman set himself a goal to contain the expansion of soviet influence in the world. we are united ended testing time into slavery. we know that the cost of freedom is high and we are determined to preserve our freedom. no matter of us to call like roosevelt beforehand. the us president had always opposed colonialism. but due to the involvement of communist china, he reconsidered his position. truman players his full support to france, the colonial war was re branded as a fight against communist aggression. the most victory came as a shot to the french. there strategist decided to abandon several fortified

locations in northern indo. china alone. the chinese border. these garrisons are to expose the enemy threats. i'm reproving too difficult to supply the tuber. 3rd 1950. just to see if actuation of the cal band hope posted, begun generalship bush, a full scale attack with more than 30000 men. the and the bachelor food colonial for which lasted several days. french troops suffered devastating defeats. the survivors who were forced to leave their injured comrades behind and the junk over traumatized soldier, remembered the shooting from above to the left and to the right man,

we're dropping like flies. the i must have left dozens of wounded behind calling out for their mothers in every language the vehemence, soldiers, to thousands of prisoners. the friend leaders started to panic. military bases were abandoned. although they faced newest threats to tall. the funds of hardware were surrendered to the enemy without to fight the admin gain control of the northern border. nothing could no stop the flow of chinese weapons and the equipment. the in 15 days, the french army had lost almost 5000 men. the soldiers were disgusted. the

young soldier, but not deluxe. the testimony wrote to his father without one single being able to criticize. i think we'd been posted around by the french news bulletins, continued to report that the situation was under control. the limit after the call on catastrophe military measures continue to comment as offensive appears to have been halted. the major, whatever the new french government must redefine. frances indo china policies. in this difficult situation. the

the call bind. disaster drastically changed public opinion. in 1950, the french finally understood that their soldiers were waging a war on the other side of the world and dying by the thousands. the french communist party stepped up to its demonstrations. your comrades go and tell your loved ones that the communist party of france will fulfill its duty to support your just demands for freedom and independence. democracy, dr. straight, which began in november 1949, soon spread to the railroads. the the movements. so as 1st marchers claim on deal a 20 role type,

this was jailed for lying in the past that the train carrying military equipment to the far east. but it was 1st and foremost the case of all my time, the mobilized public opinion. a volunteer for the french navy. he was a communist activist, witness the foaming at the port of high farm. in march 1950, he was arrested incentives to find of years in prison for distributing leaflets and use papers. the 2 long harbor. 5 years for daring to protest, the communist party helped establish defense committees across france, the same on the, on an old remote time. both convicted became symbols of the struggle of the french people against the lucky war. in india, china from john cook to,

to joan posts of the political, intellectual and artistic world mobilized, was turned on the shade and public. a casso immortalized the young sailor the, the communist party brought the protest to the national assembly. in the autumn of 1950 deputy pm, mendez prompts advocated negotiations. in an emotional moment to, you know, we simply don't have the means to implement the military victory. we'd been hoping for, for so long have the courage to face the true type of coverage to tell the country just visionary speech caused a sensation. the one little support for her in april, yvonne,

the 11th french prime minister since the start of the war. the very idea of a compromise with the admin was unthinkable. negotiations would have meant a victory for communism. and the trail by france of his paralyzed bustling, the communist and korea. the shock of coal dying should have opened the eyes of frances leaders. but the cold war blinded the. they decided to continue fighting to restore the reputation of the latree leadership and the troops moreau paris urgently needed some new inspiration. the

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