on one of the largest chapters in french, colonial history, the indo china will. i've been for the old and i'll be back next hour with mobile games headlines. see that the, the innovation green, the green revolution global. so listen to a whole lot of crime would probably be secure, subscribed to those channels. we've got here it is. every friday, subscribe to plan. it's a good the between 19451954 friends waste of merciless war. more than 9000 kilometers from

paris this war was marked by bargaining and betrayal, idealism and disillusionment. it was a battle for freedom and subjugation, full of hope in pain the this war dentist, the to the country cost hundreds of thousands of human lives and initiated the collapse of the french colonial empire. it was a war with many facets, colonial war. a war of independence and the cold war. a war this beat homeless for gossen today, the by the 19th thirty's, friends ruled over

a huge colonial empire that extended or asia africa. america and was sienna. it was populated by more than $50000000.00 people on an area covering just under 11000000 square kilometers. fringe into china consisting of laos, cambodia, and the 3 b in these regions. tom, keen on them and coaching china were seen as the crown jewels of this empire. friends had ruled there for more than 70 years. the in the streets aside, gone, annoyed, who ate the same scenes, played out again and again the

most colon, this slight acute life in the city where you were p and living standers where the nor the list the small business and then negotiated lucrative deals. and cathy terraces, their wives, lived in luxury in a sealed a higher level world. the, for many french people into a china was a model colony, the

the phone, most of the 36000 colon this thrived in the tropics. the life of the vast majority of the around 23000000 into chinese was much bleaker oxidation reduced mortality rates on the middle class benefitted from the presence of the french. but many vietnamese had to work in mines. factories don't farms the decades after the abolition of slavery bristle farms of exploitation still existed, the colonial rulers exploited the nation's natural resources for timber king t rice and above all rubber trees which yielded huge profits. the resources decrease that the wealth of major industrial

groups is reveal hello me so long as the well known song, goose, the rubber leaf, is unlike distant green. each tree is nourished by the corpses of the workers, the any resistance to this gigantic colonial program of exploitation. was harshly punished but then something happened to change the situation. in 1940 the japanese army occupied large areas of the colony. and although differential administration formerly remained in office, japan to control and plunder the country in a grand scale. a double blew for the indian chinese. and now they were being exploited by rulers both old and new and intolerable. situate sion for the

vietnamese liberation movement. fighting on the front lines, an experienced revolutionary, named when i called, born in 1890. he was initially a member of a freed assessor to the socialist party and later a finding member of the french communist party he kept his teeth in paris, must go in badging before becoming one of the founders of the vietnamese communist party. 2 of those in power, the communist changed his name several times. eventually, in 1941, he chose a name he would use for the rest of his life to cim in. that same year, we find at the vietnam in the league for the independence of vietnam. the next 50 years old. he was looking for the right opportunity to attain independence for his nation and before long that opportunity presented itself in

in march 1945, it was clear that germany and japan would lose the war. the japanese that occupied into china for 5 years and wanted to drive the french over to the asia. the attack, the call on this, the majority of french soldiers were in turned and camps the to put an end differential. tokyo granted independence to the 3 into chinese nations. become bodya. the young king no, don't say i knew, declared independence in laos, kings as a van bomb assume power and then vietnam, and for about die declared independence of all these rulers may have one there through the power still remained in the hands of the japanese,

the french into china ceased to exist, the in may 1945, after almost 6 years of bloodshed. the 3rd or i ship it truly to the war in europe was finally over the many countries celebrated the victory over nazi germany. which in the pacific region, world war 2, continued the japanese protest, fierce resistance to win. the americans needed intelligence on the japanese troops still occupying into china the for his part to achievement in turn to the americans for support. you said they're anti colonial stance. the police has few men at the disposal of agents of the

o. s. s a. for one year of the c i a which was operating in the region they provided in valuable information on the occupying forces. in return the united states provided weapons training to some 200 the admin fighters. when the time was right, they would be able to rise up against the japanese invaders, the major our committees potty. head of the o. s. s and into china confessed loudly remarks as to the relay of these via mean guerrillas was to fight the jobs. and that was the primary objective of applying the this unusual collaboration was captured on several photos who came in can be seen among a group of american officers. the smiling man couldn't knew that 20 years later,

they would clash in the vietnam war a few months later, in august 1945, the atomic bombs dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki sealed japan surrender. the whole g minute was the perfect opportunity. japanese troops were leaving the country and the french hadn't yet returned. the road was clear to him in cold, of his supporters to occupy official buildings. incredible. di was deposed and who came in give a historical speech. and the 2nd of september 1945 on how noise bought in square the throughout the last 80 years. the french imperialists, abusing the principles of freedom, equality and fraternity, have violated the integrity of our ancestral lands and oppressed in our country.

man, for these reasons, we, the members of the provisional government of the democratic republic of vietnam solemnly declared to the world. vietnam has the right to be free and independent. and in fact has become free and independent. the one who came in hoisted the flag of independence. he won the hearts of the vietnamese people, the colton uncle, who, his popularity was immense. for the battle wasn't yet one on the country. it only just begun the schoolboy recalled. of the 60 use of carrying the dis on a being on the phone domination. we had our president and the declaration of independence, like every on the free country in the world, the young vietnamese mac

root. in his diary today we have free, free to love, to sing, to live independently, free to cry and surface of the country of, of funds. the friends viewed the independence declaration as a crew to force or shot. the goal then, president of the provisional government powers didn't have to bio to the dictates of this rebel friends, have to re establish its reputation with blood and steel with necessary, the restoring the colonial empire was a top priority. the goal immediately dispatched a popular general world war 20. phillip look, that would clock into china. the nation had to be recaptured from the vietnam in looks. there's $45000.00 soldiers. quickly launched

a military operation. the goal didn't consider a diplomatic solution. the guns would decide which human couldn't afford or use pragmatic negotiating with the french and allowing them to return their troops to vietnam. the laclare had conquered coop pro paris and strauss book. now, he added sighed, going in no way to his victory list, the french calling this could breathe a sigh of relief. 3 months earlier, they being massacred by the japanese and appeared for their future. now, the excitedly greeted their liberators. the veterans of the 2nd tank division must have felt like the liberation of paris all over again. the colonial order had been restored, but the re conquest didn't bring peace. to put an end to the fighting,

it cushions in france were necessary. the ot moon was full of hope upon arrival in liver, she greeted by tears from a delegation of compact trips. he addressed his host in french for the process the same. oh dear. my french brother did agent know we french in vietnamese, have this thing my deal, leave it the liberty, the med fraternity group and we're pursuing the main goal that democracy is on peace. that's why i'm sure that france and vietnam will be in a position to understand one another. new jersey and developing people don't boil and friendly collaboration. they've gotten the young the front and then the 2 weeks later on the 6th of july, 1946 negotiations began and fontainebleau new prime minister george the

do seeing here on the left. welcome to vietnamese leader of things. go talk to about start pushing. man had barely left side gone when the high commissioner in india, china to use the dodge and proclaimed the creation of an a ton to miss republic. encroaching china, vietnam's prosperous southern region, where most of the coldest and their businesses were concentrated. darshan you acted without consulting paris. the move constituted the trail, as coachman had lead claim to all the vietnam. it delta, serious blue to the talks. the conference ended in failure. the vietnamese negotiates are acknowledged. we agreed on just one thing. and that was the we agreed on nothing. the

human didn't return empty handed, the negotiations have given him international stature. you know, if we have to fight, we'll fight. you'll kill 10 of us and we'll kill just one of you. and in the end, you will be the one who gets tired of it. the it wasn't long before the simmering conflict escalators. on the 23rd of november 1946, the french navy bombarded the port of hi phone. the trigger flashes between vietnamese police officers and french soldiers following the seizure of the mid cargo boat. young fountain and tom recalled. i was 14 by phone was known as the city of red places. in may,

the trees bloom too. but it was november. the red color came up from the flowers from the fire more than 6000 feet in the meetings, most of them civilians were killed in the attack. the 14 men decided to hit back a month later on the 19th of december 1946. he called on the field, these people to rise up. he who has a gun, let him use his gun. he who has a sword, let him use his sword. let everyone fight colonialism. i know he went up in flames. fringe nationals were killed. some buildings saluted.

a chain of escalating violence was set in motion. the french army failed. no day and night. in february 1947 french troops regained control of the new chinese capital, which he made and his man have gone into hiding the impossible border region with china. but this was just the start of the indo china war at the time. friends didn't have a staple government. just the goals resignation, 135 governments in just 2 years occurring domestic political crises, comfort, any sensible decision making, the general looks they are warned. you need $500000.00 men to win, otherwise we might as well settled them as

a now ground independence and save ourselves well. we can't win the players worst. we're not heated. in 1947 puller mondays, government decided on a strategy and the names will end the war. as soon as there was order and security, it was a way of buying time as new government wanted to give up into china. it was too important for the colonial empire. the signs were all pointing to confrontation of the, at the times, the french far east expedition record into china numbers around 800000 soldiers volunteers. he felt adventure wanted to defend their country for earn a few stripes. the poochie min only

$60000.00 motivated, but poorly equipped man. the consequently within less than a month, the french we gain control for large areas of the territory. a soldier wrote to his brother. well, fran, incredibly, the enemy has almost vanished into since it's a perfect military expedition. but who came in, like all the other viet men's leaders, eluded the french. this fighters were finding their strategies they were led by a former history teacher general when you shot, the brilliant military tactician harboured a pronounced hatred of the colonizers with good reason. his 1st wife died in a french jail and his sister in law was executed for her communist activism

since the battle of hanoi just understood that his man had no chance of defeating the french army and regular confrontations. guerrilla warfare was their only chance, supported by their knowledge of the terrain. they would force their opponents in a war of attrition. which even compared his army to a tiger facing an elephant. it's a tiger doesn't move, the elephant will pierce it with its powerful tasks. but the tiger is always on the move, striking fast and hard before disappearing from then on the beach, then we'd launch rapid surprise attacks and withdrawal into impenetrable areas. the vin were as good as invisible. the french army wasn't prepared for this kind of warfare. the

perfect military expedition became hell on earth. the an ambush could lurk along any path in any jungle or an any rice, patty a corporal confided the seat in front of the piece of foot to become a westerfield every time it's a wound that gets infected. a blow to morale, and then 2 or 3 of us, a claim to come to transport the injured past the, the war was a battle field was unsettling. the officers, one captain confessed here with finding it hard to control this unpredictable opponent. it's not much like what we were told to assess here. as for all material superior warranty,

it doesn't help us much in this terrain with tanks and lawrence get folks down the, the already difficult situation was a very to get even worse. the arrest, isolated and surrounded by a population, they couldn't trust. french troops responded with violence. and random acts of revenge. the sergeant sean called, missing a route to this be on say, the 1st village we came across was sacked and we didn't want him to stop. so we bumped down the village. the men were taken prisoner, and the women were given for codes. what address would counselled fuse just as

simple anecdotes from the war? here, the, on the 29th of november 1947, the french army entered the village of co, who and started vietnam. 286 inhabitants were massacred. far from winning over the people, the expeditionary force supposedly fueled their hatred, even more the when comes one teenager at the time was hit by a french bullet. you described his experience. i don't know what i was thinking about except killing the french. i was obsessed with that, but everyone was thinking about that. that's what we do when we grew up killed the french, the, the acts of reprisals by the colonial army. and its brutal treatment of the

vietnamese population. drove thousands of recruits into the arms of 14 minutes. the air was atrocious, but it made a loss of people, rich sex workers, gun runners, merchants shopkeepers, the old treated illegally, not least the admin. opium weapons, at 1st thing to be bought and sold. they bought into chinese p extras for 10 francs and then sold them in france of the official rate of 17 francs pocketing the difference or had its benefits a frenchman and the import export business said how many mortgages do you think they'll be in india? china? let's start,

the war lost the despite the number of attacks by the, the admin fee authorities were not concerned in 1947, the national defense minister declared, i believe that there is no longer a military program in detroit. and the success of, of weapons is, took a devastating miscalculation throughout the world. colonial empires were crumbling. britain had already given up india salon and burma. the netherlands was in the process of letting indonesia go. the french leaders weren't blind. they realized that sooner or later, they would have to make concessions. but france clung to its empire. in 1947, it crushed a bloody revolt in madagascar. the african colonies were to be retained the

for the intended to delay the inevitable for as long as possible. investments by french companies, access to raw materials and the country's reputation were at stake. apparently too much to abandon the crown jewel of the empire, the the, to present the loss of its territory and crush communism. paris devise a political strategy in an attempt to deprive coaching men of popular support. the french relied on an individual noon to all the these follow died. the former emperor, supported by the japanese in 1945, the next on the number that

the improve on molokai arrived at bay where he was officially relieved by you mean the high commissioner of friendly and indo china. the talks are vital observers agree to these meetings that represent a turning point it into a chinese politic. then putting together the, the french trusted, the sophisticated, conservative fluid also being brought up in france. but the ex emperor preferred a life of leisure with the old buffalo hunt ross's and take on the role of head of state. his nickname was the night club emperor. paris urged him to lead a viet nam, that would appear independent from the outside. but that we didn't choose to be completely dominated by france. but he hesitated. paris lost precious time, controlling the population had become a crucial issue. while the french were banking on bio di

14 men was binding on the masses. in 1948 the admin launch their 1st major petri allstate campaign, a well established propaganda tool in the communist world. one of their goals to strengthen their influence on the farm and community. the party organized competition. villages that donated the most rice, losing our meat to the admin fighters receives a certificate of patriotism, the political commissars to the country, encouraging people to spread the vin message to the admin soon boosted its ranks to 400000 fighters. membership was often the seen as an honor the young. it's on time route. this is one of the happiest days of my life. i'm no

longer alone and i belong to the 2000 strong eastern people. regiment is month to is. we are sitting about victory, the political opponents were illuminated in cold blood beneath his unassuming manner coaching min was a true lending nest. nothing could divert him from his 2 objectives, independence, and the establishment of a communist regime. while the french were committing atrocities the communist conducted a brutal crack done on rival nationalists, both sides use intimidation, torture and murder to achieve their respective goals. the influx of volunteers gave communist leaders the opportunity to switch from guerrilla warfare to more ambitious operations. on the 1st of march, 1948 fighters attacked a convoy escorted by

a 150 french soldiers. on the side on deluxe lou for the french soothing pass. so it was a disaster with almost 100 soldiers dead, more than 200, taken hostage in friends, the war came under increasing criticism. the communist party was one of the country, strongest political forces at the time. it denies, but it called the dirty war, which it said serve the interest of finance and big business. its logan, not one man, not one penny for the vietnam war. this was during the cold war and most whose influence was widespread in the ports. doctors went on straight to prevent arms shipments into china the to stir up public opinion communist acted

a secretly filled the things no one wanted to see. the coffins of french soldiers being unloaded in their thousands every day in the greatest of secrecy. differential leadership became increasingly unsettled, public confidence had to be restored at all costs. the in late 1949, after 3 years of war, friends had failed to crush the vehemence, despite the security of his army. in the absence of a military solution rulers finally granted independence to vietnam, and installed former improve follow dye as head of state. but this independence was entirely symbolic. paris retain control of defense,

currency, foreign policy and trade. the french authorities believed their gesture would come things dire minister of war. acosta flurry declared way, finally out of the tongue. but it was too late. the admin consolidated its hold on the country above all in the north jump and hockey men expanded their armies. companies became battalions, battalions became regiments for the previous 3 years. france that's always been a step behind by refusing to give up. and the thing friends would end up losing everything. what's another event which further shit, the balance of power. the

on the 1st of october, 1949. the communist seized power in china. nazi don't for clean the people's republic. from then on the mid could count on the help with their big red brother to win the war for who came in. this was an immense relief. communist china supplied weapons and experts. the details to offer a generalship a century where he could train his troops or from french guns. the impact was huge . the world had entered the cold war era and the spread of communism in asia alarm . the united states in the week of the communist takeover in china is another region was visited by war. in june 1950 north korean troops attacked south korea. the for his 2nd

term in office us president harry truman set himself a goal to contain the expansion of soviet influence in the world. we are united into testing communist slavery. we know that the cost of freedom is high, but we are determined to preserve our freedom. no matter of us to call like roosevelt beforehand. the us president had always opposed colonialism. but due to the involvement of communist china, he reconsidered his position. truman players has full support to france. the colonial war was re branded as a fight against communist aggression. the most victory came as a shock to the french, their strategist decided to abandon several fortified locations in northern indo.

china alone, the chinese border. these garrisons are too exposed to enemy threats, reproving too difficult to supply the october 3rd 1950. just as the evacuation of the coal bind hope posted, begun, general shaft, launched a full scale attack with more than 30000 men. the and the bachelor fruit, colonial for which lasted several days. french troops suffered devastating defeats . the survivors who were forced to leave their injured comrades behind in the jungle. over traumatized soldier, remembered the shooting from above to the left and to the right. language dropping

like flies the i must have left dozens of wounded behind calling out for their mothers in every language the vehemence, soldiers, to thousands of prisoners, the friend leaders started to panic. military bases were abandoned. although they faced new threats. a tall th tons of hardware were surrendered to the enemy without to fight the admin game control of the northern border. nothing could no stop the flow of chinese weapons of the equipment. the

in 15 days, the french army had lost almost 5000 men. the soldiers were discussed it the young soldier pin uh deluxe. to test any route to his father without one single being able to criticize. i think we'd been posted around by the french news bulletins, continued to report that the situation was under control. the limits after the call button catastrophe, military measures continue to comment as defensive appears to have been halted. the man to a new branch of government must redefine frances indo china policies. in this difficult situation,

the the call bind. disaster drastically changed public opinion. 1950. the french finally understood that their soldiers were waging a war on the other side of the world and dying by the thousands. the french communist party stepped up to its demonstrations. the your comrades go and tell your loved ones that the communist party of france will fulfill its duty to support your just demands for freedom and independence. democracy doctor straight, which began in november 1949, soon spread to the railroads. the

movements, so as 1st marchers came on, d o a 20 roll type. this was jailed for lying in the past with the train carrying military equipment to the far east. but it was 1st and foremost the case of the month time, the mobilized public opinion. a volunteer for the french navy. he was a communist activist, would witness the foaming at the port of high farm. in march 1950, he was arrested incentives to find of years in prison for distributing leaflets and use papers the to non harbor. 5 years for daring to protest, the communist party helped establish defends committees across france, the same on the, on an own fremont time both convicted became symbols of the struggle of the french people against the lucky war in india, china from his own cup to,

to joan posts of the political, intellectual and artistic world mobilized, was turned on lucy and pablo. picasso, immortalized the young sailor. the, the communist party brought the protest to the national assembly. in the autumn of 1950 deputy pierre mendez, problems advocated negotiations. in an emotional moment. note, we simply don't have the means to implement the military victory we've been hoping for for so long. have the courage to face the truth. have the coverage to tell the country. just visionary speech caused a sensation. the one little support for her in april, yvonne,

the 11th french prime minister since the start of the war. the very idea of a compromise with the admin was unthinkable. negotiations would have meant a victory for communism and the betrayal by friends of its allies, baffling the communist and korea. the shock of coal dying should have opened the eyes of frances leaders. but the cold war blinded the they decided to continue fighting to restore the reputation of the latree leadership and the troops moreau paris urgently needed some new inspiration. the

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