a big stone dw, pop, one of a documentary, looking at one of the bloodiest chapters in french, colonial history. the indo china will. i've been puzzled and i'll see you next down . the can you see is, what old cars tires have to do with the production? here's a hands on the really indeed the snow on youtube the between 19451954 friends waste, a merciless war,

more than 9000 kilometers from paris. this war was marked by bargaining and betrayals, idealism and disillusionment. it was a vassal for freedom and subjugation, full of hope, and pain, the this war dentist, the to the country, cost hundreds of thousands of human lives and initiated the collapse of the french colonial empire. it was a war with many facets, a colonial war, a war of independence and a cold war. a war of this be almost forgotten today the by the 19 thirty's friends ruled over

a huge colonial empire that extended or asia africa, america and was sienna. it was populated by more than $50000000.00 people on an area covering just under 11000000 square kilometers. fringe into china consisting of laos, kimberlia, and the 3 b in these regions. tom, keen on them and coaching china, were seen as the crown jewels of this empire. 2 friends had ruled there for more than 70 years, the in the streets aside, gone, annoyed, who ate the same scenes, played out again and again the

most colon, this little life in the city were you repeat and living standards where the nor the, the small business and then negotiated lucrative deals and cathy terraces, their wives lived in luxury in a sealed a higher level world. the, for many french people into a china was a model colony, the,

the stuff on most of the 36000 colon this thrived in the tropics. the life of the vast majority of the around 23000000 into chinese was much bleaker stocks, a nation reduced mortality rates. and the middle class benefitted from the presence of the french, but many vietnamese had to work in mines factories and on farms. the decades after the abolition of slavery resolved, forms of exploitation still existed. the colonial rulers exploited the nation as natural resources or timber. t rice and above all rubber trees, which yielded huge profits. the resources,

the crease of the wealth of major industrial groups is reveal how late. long as the well known song goes. the rubber leaf as a magnificent green peach tree is nourished by the corpses of the workers. the any resistance to this gigantic colonial program of exploitation was harshly punished. the but then something happened to change the situation. in 1940 the japanese army occupied large areas of the colony and the french administration formerly remained in office japan to control and plunder the country and a grand scale. a double blew for the indo chinese. and now they were being exploited by rulers both old and new an intolerable situation for the vietnamese liberation

movement. fighting on the front lines and experienced revolutionary named when i talk born in 1890. he was initially a member of a freed assessor to the socialist party and liter of finding member of the french communist party. he cut his teeth and paris must go in badging before becoming one of the founders of the vietnamese communist party. 2 of those in power the vote communist changed his name several times. eventually in 1941, he chose a name he would use for the rest of his life or team in that same year. we find that the vm in the league, the independence of vietnam, the next 50 years old. he was looking for the right opportunity to attain independence for his nation and before long that opportunity presented itself.

in march 1945, it was clear that germany and japan would lose the war. the japanese that occupied into china for 5 years and wanted to drive the french out of asia. the attack, the colorless, the majority of french soldiers were in turned in temps. the, to put an end differential tokyo granted independence to the 3 into chinese nations in cambodia. the young king no, don't say i knew it, declared independence the in laos, kings this event, bomb assume power and in vietnam and per about die, declared independence of all these rulers may have one there through the power still remained in the hands of the japanese. but french into china ceased

to exist, the, the in may 1945 after almost 6 years of bloodshed. the 3rd or i ship it truly to the war in europe was finally over the many countries celebrated the victory over nazi germany. within the pacific region, world war 2 continued the japanese pro pierce resistance to win. the americans needed intelligence on the japanese troops still occupying indo china . the for his part which he been turned to the americans for support due to their anti colonial stance. he placed his few men at the disposal of agents of the west, this

a 4 runner of the c i a, which was operating in the region they provided in valuable information on the occupying forces. in return the united states provided weapons training to some 200 the admin fighters. when the time was right, they would be able to rise up against the japanese invaders the major archimedes potty. head of the o. s. s and into china confessed lovely remarks as the relay of these via meaning guerrillas was to fight the jobs. and that was the primary objective of applying the. this unusual collaboration was captured on several photos which men can be seen them on a group of american officers. the smiling man couldn't knew that 20 years later,

they would clash in the vietnam war and a few months later, in august 1945, the atomic bombs dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki sealed japan surrender. the whole g minute was the perfect opportunity. japanese troops were leaving the country and the french had yet returned. the road was clear. ot men called his supporters to occupy official buildings. incredible di was deposed and which he meant give a historical speech. and the 2nd of september 1945 on how noise bought in square the throughout the last 80 years. the french imperialist, abusing the principles of freedom, equality and fraternity, have violated the integrity of our ancestral land and oppressed our countrymen. for

these reasons, we, the members of the provisional government of the democratic republic of vietnam solemnly declared to the world. vietnam has the right to be free and independent, and in fact has become free and independent. the one who human hoisted the flag of independence. you won the hearts of the vietnamese people. the kolton uncle who is popularity was immense. for the battle wasn't yet one. on the contrary, it only just begun the schoolboy recalls of to 60 use of carrying the disown of being on the phone domination. we had our presidents and the declaration of independence, like every other free country in the world, the young vietnamese mac

root. in his diary, today we have free, free to love, to sing, to lead independently crying. southwest of the country of our fathers friends, viewed the independents declaration as a crew to force a child to go. then president of the provisional government paris didn't have to, by which the dictates of this rebel friends had to re establish its reputation with blood and steel with necessary. the restoring the colonial empire was a top priority. the goal immediately dispatched a popular general world for $20.00 felipe, look that would clock into a china the nation had to be recaptured from the vietnam in looks. there's 45000

soldiers quickly launched a military operation. nicole didn't consider a diplomatic solution. the guns would decide which human couldn't afford or who is pregnant, to negotiating with the french and allowing them to return their troops to vietnam . the laclare had conquered cooper, paris and strauss book. now he added, sighed, gone, in no way to his victory list. the french calling this could breathe a sigh of relief. 3 months earlier, they being massacred by the japanese and appeared for their future. now, the excitedly greeted their liberators. the veterans of the 2nd tank division must have felt like the liberation of power as all over again. the colonial order had been restored,

but the re conquest didn't bring peace. to put an end to the fighting, it go. fusions and friends were necessary. the, the food team and was full of hope. upon arrival in liberal shape. we did buy tears from a delegation of compact trips. he addressed his host in french, the process. let's what, what did my french brothers did? agent know we french in vietnamese have the same thing, my deal, leave it the liberty, the 9 fraternity group, and we're pursuing the main goal, the democracy piece. that's why i'm sure that france and vietnam will be in a position to understand one another who's your end developing, loyal and friendly collaboration. a gun? no john the front and then the 2 weeks later, on the 6th of july 1946. negotiations began at fontainebleau. the new

prime minister george be do seen here on the left. welcome to vietnamese leader. of things, go talk to a bad start. pushing man had barely left side gone. when the high commissioner in india, china, the dudgeon lou proclaimed the creation of an economist republic encroach in china vietnam's prosperous southern region, where most of the coldest under businesses were concentrated. darshawn you acted without consulting paris. the move constituted the trail. as coachman had lead claim to all the vietnam, it delta, serious blue to the talks, the conference ended in failure. the vietnamese negotiates are acknowledged. we agreed on just one thing. and that was the week redone. nothing the

whole team and didn't return empty handed. the negotiations have given him international st. sure. you know, if we have to fight, we'll fight. you'll kill 10 of us and we'll kill just one of you. and in the end, you will be the one who gets tired of it. the . it wasn't long before the simmering conflict escalated. on the 23rd of november 1946, the french navy bombarded the port of hi phone. the trigger flashes between vietnamese police officers and french soldiers following the seizure of the admin cargo boat. young tom town, tom recalled. i was 14 high fun was known as the city of rent blazes.

in may. the trees bloomed, but it was november. the red color came not from the flowers, but from the fires. more than 6000 feet in the meetings, most of them civilians were killed in the attack. the witch human decided to hit back a month later on the 19th of december 1946, he called on the field of these people to rise up. he who has a gun, let him use his gun. he who has a sword, let him use his sword. let everyone fight colonialism. i know it went up in flames. french nationals were killed. some buildings booted,

a chain of escalating violence, was set in motion. the french to army shelter, noise, day and night. in february 1947 french troops were gain control of the new chinese capital, which he made in his man have gone into hiding the impassable border region with china. but this was just the start of the indo china war at the time, friends didn't have a stable government, just the goals resignation, 135 governments, and just 2 years occurring. domestic political crises, comfort, any sensible decision making, the general looks they are warned. you need 500000 men to win, otherwise we might as well settled them as

a now ground independence and save ourselves of what we call the players words were not heated. in 1947 pulled her body's government decided on a strategy and the names will end the war. as soon as there was older and security, it was a way of buying time as new government wanted to give up into china. it was too important for the colonial empire. the signs were all pointing to confrontation of the, at the times, the french far east expedition record and indo china numbered around a $100000.00 soldiers. volunteers who sought adventure. wanted to defend their country for earn a few stripes. the pushy men had only

$60000.00 motivated but poorly equipped man. the consequently within less than a month, the french we gain control for large areas of the territory. a soldier wrote to his brother. well, fran, incredibly, the enemy has almost vanished into since it's a perfect military expedition. but who came in, like all the other viet men's leaders, eluded the french. his fighters were finding their strategies they were led by a former history teacher general. when the shop, the brilliant military tactician harboured a pronounced hatred of the colonizers with good reason. his 1st wife died in a french jail, and his sister in law was executed for her communist activism. since

the battle of hanoi, just understood that his man had neutrons of defeating the french army in regular confrontations. guerrilla warfare was their only chance, supported by their knowledge of the terrain. they would force their opponents in a war of attrition. which even compared his army to a tiger facing an elephant. and it's a tiger doesn't move the elephant will pierce it with its powerful tasks. but the tiger is always on the move, striking fast and hard before disappearing. from then on, the vin would launch rapid surprise attacks and withdraw into impenetrable areas. the vin were as good as invisible. the french army wasn't prepared for this kind of warfare. the

perfect military expedition became hell on earth. the an ambush could lurk along any path in any jungle or an any rice, patty. a corporal confided the seat in front of the piece of foot to become a westerfield every time it's a willing to get infected, a blow to morale. and then 2 or 3 of us, a call to come to transport the injured test, the, the war was always a battle field, was unsettling. the officers one captain confessed here with finding it hard to control this unpredictable opponent. it's not much like what we were told to assess here. as for all material superior warranty,

it doesn't help us much in this terrain with tank some lawrence get folks down the, the already difficult situation was a very to get even worse. the arrest, isolated and surrounded by a population, they couldn't trust. french troops responded with violence. and random acts of revenge. the sergeant sean called, missing a route to his feet on say, the 1st village we came across was sacked and we didn't want him to stop. so we bumped down the village. the men were taken prisoner, and the women were given for the front coats. what address would counselled fuse

just as simple anecdotes from the wall. the, on the 29th of november, 1947. the french army entered the village of co who and started vietnam. 286 inhabitants were massacred. far from winning over the people, the expeditionary forcefully fueled their hatred even more. the when comes one teenager at the time was hit by a french bullet. you described his experience, i don't know what i was thinking about except killing the french. i was obsessed with that, but everyone was thinking about that. that's what we do when we grew up killed the french, the, the acts of

a prize over the colonial army and its brutal treatment of the vietnamese population. drove thousands of recruits into the arms of 14 minutes. the air was atrocious, but it made a loss of people, rich sex workers, gun runners, merchants shopkeepers, the old treated illegally, not least the admin. opium weapons at 1st thing to be bought and sold. they bought into chinese p extras for 10 francs and then sold them in france of the official rate of 17 francs pocketing the difference or had its benefits a frenchman and the import export business said how many more good year do you think they'll be in india china, let's start the war lost the

despite the number of attacks by the be admin fee is thirty's. we're not concerned . in 1947, the national defense minister declared, i believe that there is no longer a military program in detroit. the success of, of weapons. it took a devastating miscalculation throughout the world. colonial empires were crumbling. britain had already given up india salon and burma. the netherlands was in the process of lighting indonesia ago . the french leaders weren't blind. they realized that sooner or later, they would have to make concessions. but france clung to its empire. in 1947, it crushed a bloody revolt in madagascar. the african colonies were to be retained the

but the intended to delay the inevitable for as long as possible investments by french companies, access to raw materials and the countries reputation were at stake. apparently too much to abandon the crown jewel of the empire, the the, to present the loss of its territory and crush communism. paris devise a political strategy in an attempt to deprive coaching men of popular support. the french relied on an individual noon to all the bees vowed died. the former emperor, supported by the japanese in 1945, the next on the number that you

guy arrived at home on the day where he was officially released by. you mean for the commissioner of friendly and indo china and the talks are vital observers agree that these meetings would represent a turning point it into a chinese politic. putting together the, the french trusted, the sophisticated, conservative fluid also being brought up in france. but the ex emperor preferred a life of leisure with the on the buffalo hunt, rather than take on the rule of head of state. his nickname was the night club emperor. paris urged him to lead a vietnam that would appear independent from the outside. but that would in truth be completely dominated by france. but he hesitated. paris lost precious time, controlling the population had become a crucial issue. while the french were banking on bo die,

14 men was binding on the masses. in 1948 the admin launch their 1st major petri allstate campaign. a well established propaganda tool in the communist world. one of their goals to strengthen their influence on the farm and community. the party organized competition. villages that donated the most rice, losing or meet to the admin fighters, received a certificate of patriotism, the political commissars to the country. encouraging people to spread the vin message to the admin soon boosted its ranks to 400000 fighters. membership was off in the scene as an honor the young. it's on time route.

this is one of the happiest days of my life. i'm no longer alone and i belong to that $6000.00 strong eastern people regiment is month to is. we are sitting about victory, the political opponents were illuminated in cold blood beneath his unassuming manner coaching min was a true linen nest. nothing could divert him from his 2 objectives, independence of the establishment of a communist regime. while the french were committing atrocities the communist conducted a brutal crack done on rival nationalists. both sides use intimidation, torture and murder to achieve their respective goals. the influx of volunteers gave communist leaders, the culprits unity to switch from guerrilla warfare. to more ambitious operations. on the 1st of march, 1948 fighters attacked a convoy escorted by

a 150 french soldiers. on the side on deluxe lou for the french do soothing pass. so it was a disaster with almost $100.00 soldiers dead. more than 200, taken hostage in friends, the war came under increasing criticism. the communist party was one of the country, strongest political forces at the time. it denies, but it called the dirty war, which it said serve the interest of finance and big business. it's slogan, not one man, not one penny for the vietnam war. this was during the cold war and most whose influence was widespread in the ports. doctors went on straight to prevent arms shipments into china, the, to start up public opinion, call me this active,

a secretly sold the things new one wanted to see. the coffins of french soldiers being unloaded and there dozens, every day in the greatest of secrecy. differential leadership became increasingly unsettled, public confidence had to be restored at all costs. the in late 1949, after 3 years of war, friends had failed to crush the vehemence, despite the security of his army. in the absence of a military solution rulers finally granted independence to vietnam, and installed former improve, follow, die as head of state. but this independence was

entirely symbolic powers retained control of defense, currency, foreign policy and trade. the french authorities believe their gesture would come things dire minister of war. acosta flurry declared way, finally out to the terminal. but it was too late. the admin consolidated its hold on the country above all in the north jump and hoshi men expanded their armies. companies became battalions, battalions became regiments for the previous 3 years. france, it's always been a step behind by refusing to give up and the thing friends would end up losing everything. what's another event which further shit, the balance of power? the,

on the 1st of october, 1949. the communist seized power and china. nazi don't proclaim the people's republic from then on the mid could count on the help with their big red brother to win. the war for who came in. this was an immense relief. communist china supplied weapons and experts. the details to offer a generalship a century where he could train his troops or from french guns. the impact was huge . the world had entered the cold war era and the spread of communism in asia alarm . the united states in the week of the communist takeover in china is another region was visited by war. in june 1950 north korean troops attacked south korea. the for his

2nd term in office us president harry truman sets himself a goal to contain the expansion of soviet influence in the world. we are united into testing time into slavery. we know that the cost of freedom is high and we are determined to preserve our freedom. no matter of us to call like roosevelt beforehand. the us president had always opposed colonialism. but due to the involvement of communist china, he reconsidered his position. truman players has full support to france. the colonial war was re branded as a fight against communist aggression. the most victory came as a shock to the french, there strategist decided to abandon several of $4.00 to $5.00 locations in northern

indo china alone. the chinese border. these garrisons are to expose the enemy threats. i'm are proving too difficult to supply the tuber. 3rd 1950. just to see if actuation of the cal band hope posted begun. general shop wash a full scale attack with more than $30000.00 men. the and the bachelor fruit, colonial for which lasted several days. french troops suffered devastating defeats . the survivors who were forced to leave their injured comrades behind in the jungle over traumatized soldier, remembered the shooting from above to the left and to the right man,

we're dropping like flies. the i must have left dozens of wounded behind cooling up for their mothers in every language, the vehemence, soldiers, to thousands of prisoners, the friends leaders started to panic. military bases were abandoned. although they faced newest threats. a tall th tons of hardware were surrendered to the enemy without to fight the admin game control of the northern border. nothing could no stop the flow of chinese weapons and the equipment. the

in 15 days, the french army had lost almost 5000 men. the soldiers were discussed it the young soldier, but not deluxe, to test any route to his father. without one single being able to criticize, i think we'd been bounced around by the french news bulletins continued to report that the situation was under control. the limit after the called on catastrophe military measures continue nothing comment as offensive appears to have been halted. the main, however, the new french government must redefine frances indo china policies. in this difficult situation.

the coal bind disaster drastically changed public opinion. 1950. the french finally understood that their soldiers were waging a war on the other side of the world and dying by the thousands. the french communist party stepped up pits demonstrations. the your comrades. go and tell your loved ones that the communist party of france will fulfill its duty to support your just demands for freedom and independence. democracy, docker straight, which began in november 1949, soon spread to the railroads. the

movements. so as 1st marchers came on, d o, a 20 roll type. this was jailed for lying in the past that the train carrying military equipment to the far east. but it was 1st and foremost the case of all the time to mobilize public opinion. a volunteer for the french navy was a communist activist, would witness the foaming of the port of high farm. in march 1950, he was arrested incentives to find of years in prison for distributing leaflets and use papers the 2 long harbor. 5 years for daring to protest, the communist party helped establish defense committees across france, the same on the, on an old remote time. both convicted became symbols of the struggle of the french people against the lucky war. in india, china from john cook to,

to joan posts of the political, intellectual and artistic world mobilized, was turned on the shade and publicly casso immortalized the young sailor. the, the communist party brought the protest to the national assembly in the autumn of 1950 deputy pm mendez fronts advocated negotiations in an emotional moment to, you know, we simply don't have the means to implement the military victory we've been hoping for. so long have the courage to face the truth. have the coverage to tell the country just visionary speech caused a sensation. the one little support for her in april, yvonne,

the 11th french prime minister since the start of the war. the very idea of a compromise with the admin was unthinkable. negotiations would have meant a victory for communism. and the trail by friends of his palla is baffling, the communist in korea. the shock of cold dying should have opened the eyes of friends as leaders, but the cold war blinded the they decided to continue fighting to restore the reputation of the military leadership and the troops moreau paris urgently needed some new inspiration. the

conflict zone. ukraine is facing another victor winter as well, with russia and as many, many without the equipment needed to wait. and it's my guess this week is kara roodick. are you crazy and opposition? empty and leave the goals or voice policy as western lead evaluation over whether care should target and russia with long range missiles. she reminds them that they've promised support all the way to victory conflict in 30 minutes, dw freedom find russian on 2 sessions, 13 and was in jail for 2 years. because he days criticized the russian institute.

we measure in southern germany. what was it like in june? and why was she eventually released the focus? in 19 minutes on d. w. the to get ready for any exciting. i've been to i asked to look surprised. hi, i wish up. and i'm ready to dive into the hands of human to you. have you have a window of quote on that. we've got a spot on the on expected side. so slide the,

this is the w use life from bell in face of allowed wall between israel and his below our after a 2nd wave of explosions and 11 on the as well. a walkie talkies blow up the day of the paging devices killing thousands of people is mount refuses to comment on the blasts. but its defense minister says a new phase of the war has begun. and the east and german state of brandenburg goes to the falls. this weekend we focus on the far right alternative for germany and how the potty appeals to younger vote in the.