of the award winning offer is available worldwide. every language level, learning gem and has to go to the concerns that there's a beautiful phrase by russian writer, victor gloves. ski the russians are swarming the memorial church like flies around defend the lawyer noise, the seasonal goal, if you have a loss in common russians and germans, they understand those here. ringback in high school, well, someone would say to me who ski whiskey, i never understood why they would say that to me is that the best for me today,

berlin is considered the capital of the russian diaspora. numerous pretend critics live here in political exile, including many cultural figures, a new chapter in the long history of german russian migration, including the story of the russian germans. these german migrants once moved to the vogue, the region of the invitation of catherine the great but we begin our search for traces of the exchange between the east and the west in berlin, in the 1920s plus retail from the course. and what's the say about said to be the biggest russian city outside of russia on, on the street here? russian spoken everywhere. all things, boston. um, well that's when the police have called the city buses. i'm a russian swings as well, but he's got thrown wouldn't, patients were sometimes a nice and russian of the big ones. and of course there were kind of this bars and restaurants frequented by russian, the serving russian food. then you have to go to the line where there's so many russians leaving the homeland and sticking this statue in the lane. in 1917,

russia was brought by political turbulence. dissolve, was deposed, bringing in to 300 years of romano through and the october revolution communists. bolsheviks, led by lynne and storm. the winter palace demanding a dictatorship of the proletariat. it was the beginning of the struggle for a new social order. the scott, i'm a relatives on good luck followed was a relatively long civil war leading up to the finding of the soviet union and the political opponents of the emerging system fled i the supporters of the sar. but not only was, there were also intellectuals who become politic homeless that definitely take nice law. com plan and didn't want to any decision think is challenging his dream of the socialist side of your union. in 1922, he expelled the intellectual elite from the country and more than 200 leading

rushes, doctors and philosophers were forced to leave the homeland an exodus of an entire generation of intellectuals, on the so called philosopher ships among them. when nikolai but johnny have sent me on frank. and so gabriel gall costs, if they were to return, they will go and when they left, they would be shot. now a 100 years later, russia is suffering assume the brain drain model gilman was a celebration gallery or not, and museum director in moscow until he found out of state that was to, to and he has since been labels of foreign agents by russian authorities. and like hundreds of his colleagues now works in berlin, you some of whom you to increase if you take a broader league, not only visual art, but also literature and music, nearly all of the most important names of left russia, seal your professions, restrict, differentiate,

leaves no room for criticism. the licensed waves of sling officers came when russia began its full on you trained the rifle. let's go out driven into exile at the age of old list. h e v. as a director, carrillo said he really calls an outspoken critic of the regime now faces prisons in russia. and marino defeat of one of the most important voices in russian visa, now declared unwelcome after cooling for an end to the war. the billing gallery gilman on the, on the count, has become a sent us to international artist trying a new approaches with digital art. in a cities, it's still open to experimentation. a good lead when you're welcome to swap out early and has a reputation as a city that may not have a market where everything is cheated, ocean for access are welcome category, and we're, they have many opportunities to create something that had the subordinate come,

they know give us more than that. there was some deal to chat. it's just a bit early, but it's like an open stage that welcomes new our to science and i couple that had the custom one know show you that brings is true today as it did 100 years ago and you evaluate some of the set 01 you could see that the berlin was something like a 1st stop for the refugees on there were said to me, you're right, and we have all those and russians here on the, on, on the cost. berlin is relatively close to russia, decided by returning home was at least to see a radical possibility of moving kinds or to gain entering the country was um, complicated, and inflation made life easier for the new arrivals. the mr. pearlin was a cheap city for russians because the mark was so we can buy installation ones that means that's own. and they were science to voice the political views. yeah.

quote 0 the sprays the opinion of the but doc model mind, it was awesome said the berlin was a kind of a mini russia worked on. yeah. to what was a broad range of elliptical movements here and, and story morgan $400.00 russian rushes and thinkers who was silenced a time, found the freedom and the cheap. hypo, they needed to continue their debates. almost a 150 russian newspapers were printed in the city. kind of of 50 russian publishing houses brought out books by excel. drawings is such as andre, billy borders post and that alexi remy solve marine. it's the tie, the whole story. and of course, not some gold, a veritable who's who of russian literature of the times the day i probably probably the best known russian here the time was. why them here now? because actually lasted 15 years of our little other,

we had a kind of a love hate relationship with the city and didn't write very kindly about it afterwards. but i didn't receive of the russian. berlin of the 1920s was a single furnace room rented out by a course of smelly german. the nasty sweat of this misbegotten people is unforgettable. by that total cases, time here was productive artist and racers that access to some rooms in the upper floors of this building and they are so we give it to a train, we think isn't good for them. he made a bit of money from that to my so, but probably most of his earnings came from working as a n s. teacher. yeah, i taught tenants to wealthy young ladies and tenants. michael bought it was the roaring, twenties and awesome culture were flourishing. germany was reinventing itself in 1919 of the germany's grueling defeats in world war one, the mona key was ousted in the notes in the revolution. the kaiser advocated the socialist colleague connect and the social democratic flip side of mind proclaimed

the republic as the weimar republic was a new system of democratic government for the 1st time, women were allowed to vote. there was freedom of expression and freedom to the ops that he's got nothing the 1st world war. berlin was a city where there was no more censorship. it was a playground for the new in literature film and painting model by the gym and capital became as vibrant, cosmopolitan metropolis gallery. oh, no, it's not valid in was a committed communist, an admirer of russian artists. he helped raise the profile with his magazine additional. the building on world was increased by these ideas, emerging from eastern europe. in 1922. the 1st russian art exhibition took place in the lynn arch was serving as a vehicle of rep bush month between the young soviet union and the fine mount

republic. it was a rezoning success, the german otwell. it was deeply impressed, but i didn't know anywhere in europe. the 1st 12 whole months of break, but in russia, the revolution had led to a real upswing, which no one was already aware of in the west. between 19141922, the simply wasn't much contact was as far as the whole thoughts of creativity had a much that people only go to see the exhibition in 1922 people who were amazed by how much had been going on. well, people here had just been scraping by the money recently me about the site that or the exhibition seated completely new autistic currents, such as supremacy ism and constructivism. revolutionary wild abstract, the futuristic experiments of office to let him it's happening from hawk. he's challenged the very concept of space in moscow, the silly kind in sky pioneer. the abstract games make sensory impressions visible

with lines and circles perceptions rather than realities in keys, passing me amount of which made one of the most radical statements about the rejection of the representational, which is iconic. black square us in its purest form. and l is its key from fortunate aim to do away completely with 2 dimensionality. a generation of artists from the flushing soviet union searching for a new understanding of hot that would revolutionize the whole world. they were referred to as russian. although many of them were you finance the one god bless. you have to remember that the ever god always sold themselves as international business. nationality wasn't important because they was driving for a movement that spanned the globe. the mix was important because we set

it up. so there was the russian cover me that blah with full gold and also frequented by lots of german writers and intellectuals and then the venue hosted lively evenings with option incense powered ease of everyday life. in germany. interwoven with russian sandstone pond is enough, is alaska, through the set of it. this is the most glorious thing you can experience in the world. even the critics raised about its tail blog. fogel is a dream that you want to sink into again and again, forget the ugly green uninstall. everything, paralyzing the silver presence. the i have to open my years a news to see what they are doing. no, we can't do that. i have to pack up and go home without attend the demo in germany . most cabarets were very political and this was more so to speak. russian folks

know it was exhausting. it was how people imagined rush it to be. and the way russians presented themselves in germany was key, as with german expectations of them must be, all of them destroyed, some poor people in so long, but fun cases. yeah. by 40 inches. love this artistic melancholy units have money. yeah. but they added a certain exoticism to durham and cold declaration, quit to another line and look at it for 6. we'll definitely touch the game. but eventually, the russian exiles left and went elsewhere to paris us in some back to the soviet union. by the time the nazis came to power in 1933, this free spirit is artistic community had scarcity. rosky burning was just a brief chat too in history. a 100 years ago the existing material set up in the room. but if we look at these 2 periods and compare them chess, 100 years ago, and then today with in february, it was

a time when you're upset stage for something you to develop a little scared, even that, that guy easy would find the russian revolution back then and war in ukraine today was forced thousands of artists to start a cultural revolution. to revise, the numerous german settlers made a new home in russia in the 18th century. the start of the turbulent and painful history of the russian germans. especially for russian as a russian german grandmother tells her grand daughter of her life between 2 cultures and this one mama, we became the for the purpose when the other children saw that their fathers had come home. they tell everyone at school my dad has come and mommy's when i went home, i said to my mother, how is mom?

dad hasn't come home. he's got nicole. and then my mother said, yes, my child. i wish you would come too. but your father won't be coming home, but it is commentary. and especially on both device. i. i remember when i was at high school, i was 10 or 11 years old. say somebody would say to me, my time rosky rosky. and obviously, if i never understood, why would they say that to me? i'm not russian. i never speak russian not even at home face anymore. where did they get that idea? my name is wagner, the i couldn't be more german also and i to walk now or both i give i is gone, is quite to think we're really only now starting to deal with the history. whites of the story is only now being revisited, cuz we're faced with the challenge of giving people with a russian, german background, their own history, and then the to their own story. you know, you can increase that, you're in the story. that's what keep this one that i sent mama. the fog now was born in 1938, and russ solved a russian german settlement and the soviet union. today,

conflicts down on the left hand corner of our ancestors were german who emigrated from has in the 19th century. okay. mm hm. i understand them. but when olga wagner was 3 years old, nazi germany attacked the ussr to russian. germans were all tarred with the same brush viewed as sympathizers of hitler's germany and declared enemies of the soviet union. busy ready ready starting in august 1941, some, 1000000 russian germans were forcibly deported. around a 3rd were sent to labor camps, where most of them died, including olga wagner as father. in the amount of time to conduct me, the children were dying like flies. they did me and there was an epidemic of my niece and i can remember how my mother was supposed to go to work. and so,

but she resisted me. stay in it. i'm not going to work. my child is dying. she said half the time she carried my brother. he was 3 years old. i can remember him gasping for and i thought he had scarlet fever to her. so she did, then he died. she didn't get in. i couldn't go to the funeral because i had nothing to wear. the other nissan teeth that he died in january. i never moved. there were 5 children and one grave. 5 little coffins. body of it was bad cut off up this very, very bad as a coma. she had some few settings and she did a lot of income. so yeah, it's one shame solutions. and thus they almost pop on in the sixties and seventies says, olga wagner, the situation improved. she found work as a dairy hand married and had 4 children. and then in the early 19 ninety's, the soviet union collapsed. another new beginning that she decided to return to her

ancestors homeland, back to her roots. in 1993, she came to germany with her entire family, as well as the no, no. my mom the my husband didn't want. she's under the review when we were coming over, he kept saying, it was my fault. but i was so happy to come here, come from me. it felt like coming home. now, how is the cold migration forced resettlement repression? an odyssey many generations of russian germans have faced their fates almost forgotten, are re told and exam and tear in debt mode of germany in the museum of russian german cultural history. it all began in the 18th century with one woman, catherine, the great, the, and then any call. so you know, you have a blank or credit sensors. you, peter,

the 1st and i have in the terrible you cast on the great was pursuing a policy of expansion. that's was a centrally what all the empires were doing at the time and get my concrete territories at the expense of their neighbors or other empires. even though it will let them to be the catherine the 2nd needed, loyal citizens undoubtedly conquered area in the auto to couldn't be assumed that the indigenous populations of those territories, and predominantly nomadic peoples living in the south, would be loyal to the doris tongue government. to the day or the teeth of opposite ends will send home the as such, they afforded similar colonialists special privileges as it could be, and invited them to populate these new areas to russia's south eating plants. so the, today, those make up the southern russian regions around the volta river on the north congress has not called cause and also southern ukraine because she will train in 1763 catherine the great signed a decree. the documents known to history as the invitation manifesto,

the new settlers were granted generous tax concessions couldn't be conscripted into a military service and were for read to practice their religion. the people of the central german regions had long been used to war and poverty. some 100000, the germans accepted. catherine's offer and migrated to the russian empire. the. the new arrivals were afforded a great deal about tommy establishing their own schools, universities, and administrations around the mid 19th century. however, policies towards the german minority changed enough to a place to go out and get in the $1869.00, sorry, alexander sent to signals and fee to do. i tell folks that which from different perspectives got the germans interest and attention because he was exerting influence on the level of the language of this clock able to. russian was

introduced into german schools. good. established the challenge enough for some people who gets it to you and to be said became a question of belonging items of allegiance with hudson and public. and this was the more serious decree he introduced the military service for german. it's that meant the germans had to join the russian army in google search. i mean, russian nationalism intensified after the 1856 defeat and the crime in more rivalry between the german and russian empire as was on the rise to it was highly tempting to make the settlers into escape goats for the country's unresolved problems. slowly, russian germans privileges were wrote it for many it was caused enough to leave the country by the end of the 19th century, the 1st russian germans were emigrating mainly to south and north america. the. the 2nd major wave of migration followed

in the wake of the 1st world war in which the russian empire and germany were enemies. russian germans were designated the enemy within. it was the start of a painful story, plague by distrust, deportation and repression. in the communist soviet union, under stollins dictatorship by the 1930s at the latest, little was left of the multi ethnic state with its sweeping rights and autonomy from minorities. with the german van knox invasion of the soviet union, russian germans were viewed as a threat. they were no longer allowed to practice their traditions or religion. german schools were closed property confiscated with us for to them. let's just turn them switched on this one and i the form for that ultimately led to a lack of histories and identity in a way, income with comments on pets, issues too much even. and there were massive waves of execution. he doesn't of the societies of storytellers and proof of pastors professor as the teachers,

the vaughn boy. they were often the victims of the 1930s executions in the store and the size, the unit, which meant an end to the story telling dated with a diesel tie chrome. it was during that period by who not with around 200000 people killed or dying as a result of violence or starvation, leaving the block. would that a collective trauma to cold squabbles? and please provide on vehicle quit at each from the show and inducing type home that face sick trauma of those year, which would ultimately freeze something in place. one cushion depot, yada viet. let's please. and that was a state of self eraser history and get this being switched on that 2nd night. it wasn't until 1991 that measures taken by the communist regime against the minorities or officially declared illegal. the russian germans receive recognition as an official minority but warrant granted the rights and autonomy

they have been promised or any kind of reparations. the soviet union collapsed at the end of 1991 and borders opened up by the early 2, thousands, some 3000000 russian germans from the former soviet states migrated to germany. they received the german citizenship and were supported in the integration process . it was at this time that boat about now and her family moved to germany. yeah. their journey took them to freshen in west germany, where they lived to this day. the oldest grand daughter remembers t of alice said, all of this was just a village, positive. so, and there were the fire department fences or i've had us on were 6 containers. that's a 6 contain agribusiness, zine. it was shared accommodation for russian german sinai level. but i think they were a few people from slovenia to, although my memories are quite confused by now, my name and homes and comes, comes up say i love,

i love about his function is my home and the high month. as far as i see it, i'm german, which is i have ancestors and was born and because of done, but i do feel german as it should be strong as i speak german, i dream in german, i think in drawings is think of dodge. i would also say i have the values, the virtues that i learned from my grandmother was that's how we were brought up home, no punctuality, order, reliability usage. those are my virtues to on the food in the swedish me i'll try but not oh, russian germans feel completely at home here. busy it is easy to feel culturally isolated, especially when there is so little understanding of their history in wider society . this has led to a sort of alienation, many loan for recognition, for a sense of belonging to new york. i don't want to go anywhere. i'm german. i want

to stay here, it's my home tonight, i'm up and by now many russian germans have successfully integrated and become part of germany's diverse history of migration. and these are cetera. it's about collective memory. so these, this team of the history of the russian germans should be included in school textbooks and beyond. so that it's introduced into our social historical narrative because i'm sure it would be valuable for everyone on the inside for people without a russian german background. it would foster understanding as one cushion for people with a russian german background, which means that their story can finally be told type and then they connect with each other for spanning some 260 years. the history of the russian germans is complex, but it is well worth remembering the

that's all for this edition. thanks for watching. see you next time the the,

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