and have a say like devices presented d. w on instagram. follow up the concerns that there's a beautiful phrase by russian writer, victor gloves, ski the russians are swarming the memorial church like flies around a chandelier noise, the seasonal goal. if you have a loss in common russians and germans, they understand those here. ringback in high school, someone would say to me who ski whiskey, i never understood why they would say that to me is that the best for me

today, berlin is considered the capital of the russian diaspora. numerous pretend critics live here in political exile, including many cultural figures. a new chapter in the long history of german russian migration, including the story of the russian germans. these german migrants once move to the vogue region of the invitation of catherine the great but we begin our search for traces of the exchange between the east and the west in berlin, in the 1920s plus the course and it was about said to be the biggest russian city outside of russia on, on the street here, russian spoken everywhere. all things, boston um, but not for the police to call the city buses. russian swain is that you start throwing wouldn't, patients were sometimes a nice and russian. i'm a big one thing and of course there were kind of list bars and restaurants frequented by russian. yeah. serving russian food then. yes. border line where there's so many russian leaving the homeland seeking this statue in the lane. in

1917, russia was brought by political turbulence. dissolve was disclosed, bringing in to 300 years of romano through any type of revolution communist bolsheviks led by lynn and storm. the winter palace demanding a dictatorship of the proletariat. it was the beginning of the struggle for a new social order. the scott, i'm relatives on good looks followed was a relatively long civil war leading up to the finding of the soviet union for the ticket. and the political opponents of the emerging system fled i, the supporters of the sar, but not only was there were also intellectuals who become politic homeless that but definitely taking this law. com plan and didn't want to any decision think is challenging his dream of the socialist side of your union. in 1922, he expelled the intellectual elite from the country,

and more than 200 leading rises, doctors and philosophers were forced to leave the homeland and exodus of an entire generation of intellectuals on the so called philosophers ships among them. when nikolai burton, i have sent me on frank. and so gabriel gall costs, if they were to return, they will go and when they left, they would be shot. now a 100 years later, russia is suffering assume the brain drain model gilman was a celebration gallery or not. and museum director in moscow until you filled out of state that was due to his since being labeled a foreign agent by russian authorities. and like hundreds of his colleagues now works in the east move with whom you to increase. if you take a broader look, not only visual arts, but also literature and music, nearly all of the most important names of the left, russia, seal your professions restrictive range aim leaves, no room for criticism,

salacious ways of fling. officers came when russia began its will on ukraine. the rifle, let's go out driven into exile at the age of old list h e v. as a director, carrillo said he, brittany calls an outspoken critic of the reign. shame now faces prisons in russia and marina. the feet of one of the most important voices in russian visa now declared unwelcome after cooling for an end to the more the billing gallery gilman on the count has become a sent us to international artist trying a new approaches with digital art. in a city that's still open to experimentation, a good name when you look up a swab early and has a reputation as a city that may not have on the market. look where everything is cheated. ocean where artists are welcome category and where they have many opportunities to create something that had the subordinate come,

they will give us more of the deal to chat. it's a stability or lane, but it's like an open stage that welcomes new artifacts. and i couple that had the custom no show you that rings is true today as a deep 100 years ago. and new values, some of the steps one, you could see that berlin was something like a 1st stop for the refugees on there were said to me, you're right. and $300000.00 russians here i did on on the cost. berlin is relatively close to russia, decided by turning home was, at least on the a radical possibility of moving kinds or to gain entering the country was um, complicated, and inflation made life easier for the new arrivals. but inviting mr. pearlin was a cheap city for russians because the mark was so we can buy installation, what that means that's own and they was safe to voice the political views.

yeah. because usually take those brands there opinion, but not a lot of money. it was some said the berlin was a kind of mini russia looked like an yeah to what was a broad range of elliptical movements here and, and story morgan, $400.00 russian rushes and thinkers who was silenced a time, found the freedom and the cheap paper. they needed to continue their debates. almost a 150 russian newspapers were printed in the city. kind of of 50 russian publishing houses brought out books by exiled prices, such as andre, billy borders, poster knock, alexi raymond, solve marine. it's the time, the whole story, and of course, my single piece of veritable who's who of russian literature of the times the day i probably probably the best known russian here the time was. why them here now? because of who actually lasted 15 years and for little, although he had a kind of

a love, hate relationship with the city and didn't write very kindly about it afterwards. and he received of the russian, berlin of the 1920s was a single furnace room, rented out by a course and smelly german. the nasty sweat of this mister. because some people was unforgettable by the output of kids. time here was productive and more artist and racers have access to some rooms in the upper floors of this building and they are so we give you a try really interesting good for them. he made a bit of money from that device, but probably most of his earnings came from working as a n. s. teacher. yeah, i taught tenants to wealthy young lady and tenants mike about it was the roaring, twenties and awesome culture was flourishing. germany was reinventing itself in 1919 of the jimmy's grueling defeats in world war one, the monkey was ousted in the notes in the revolution. the kaiser advocated. the socialist colleague connects and the social democratic phillips signed them and

proclaimed the republic. as the design, my republic was a new system of democratic government for the 1st time women were allowed to fudge . it was freedom of expression and freedom to the ops that he's got nothing. the 1st world war berlin was a city where there was no more censorship. it was a playground for the new and literature film, and painting by the gym and capital became a vibrant, cosmopolitan metropolis gallery. oh, no, it's not valid in was a committed communist and admirer. of russian artists he helped raise the profile with his magazine additional. the building odd world was increased by these ideas, emerging from eastern europe. in 1922, the 1st russian art exhibition took place in building arch was serving as a vehicle of rough bush month between the young soviet union and the fine mile

republic. it was a rezoning success. the german otwell is deeply impressed. level everywhere in europe, the 1st 12 whole months of break, but in russia the revolution had led to a real upswing, which no one was already aware of in the west. between 19141922, the simply wasn't much contact was this was the whole phillips of creativity had a much that people own. he got to see the exhibition in 1922 people who were amazed by how much had been going on. well, people here had just been scraping by, you might have recently me bob fight, that the exhibition featured completely new autistic currents such as supremacy ism and constructivism. revolutionary wild abstract, the futuristic experiments of office, letting me a tubman from hawk, he challenged the very concept of space in moscow. the silly tendency pioneer the

abstract game to make sensory impressions visible with lines and circles perceptions rather than realities. in keys costing me a mile of each made one of the most radical statements about the rejection of the representational with his iconic black square. in its purest form, and l is its key from fortunate and to do away completely with 2 dimensionality. a generation of artists from the flushing soviet union searching for a new understanding of hot that would revolutionize the whole world. they were referred to as russian, although many of them were you planning on god. you have to remember that the ever god always sold themselves as international. that's. that's a nationality. wasn't important because they was driving for a movement that spanned the globe. the mix was important to reset

the, the genetic or jobs all there was the russian cover me that blah with full gold and also frequented by lots of german writers and intellectual designs in. ready the venue hosted lively evenings with the option in the sense parties of everyday life in germany, into one thing with russian sandstone. ponds that is enough that is alaska. she said that this is the most glorious thing you can experience in the world. even the critics raised about its terrible, our fogel is a dream that you want to sink into again and again, forget the ugly, green, and exhilarating paralyzing the sober presence. the i have to open my years a news to see what they are doing. no, we can't do that. i have to pack up and go home without ending them all in germany, most cabarets were very political and this was more so to speak. russian folks know

it was exhausting. it was how people imagined rush it to be. and the way russians presented themselves in germany was key, as with german expectations of them must be, all of them destroyed, some poor people in swan, but fun pieces. yeah. by 40 inches. loved this artistic melancholy. have mind. yeah, of the added a certain exoticism to german cold generation quit to an amazon and the 6 will definitely touch the game. but eventually the russian excels left and went elsewhere to paris the us and some back to the. so if you union, by the time the nazis came to power in 1933, this free spaces out to split community had sketched it. rosky, burning was just a brief chapter in history. a 100 years ago. did you set up a new word with if we looked at these 2 periods and compare them chest 100 years ago? and then today, within february, it was

a time when you're upset stage for something you to develop over those can't even fit, can die using would find the russian revolution back then. and warren ukraine today was forced thousands of artists to start a cultural revolution. to divide the numerous german settlers made a new home in russia in the 18th century. the start of the turbulent and painful history of the russian germans may have specified this edition a russian german grandmother tells her granddaughter of her life between 2 cultures and this one. mamma really came to for the purpose when the other children saw that their fathers had come home. they tell everyone at school when my dad has come and mommy's. when i went home,

i said to my mother the house mom, next dad hasn't come home. he's got nicole and then my mother said, yes, my child, i wish you would come to him, but your father won't be coming home. so this is commentary no slashing of off the bypass. when i remember when i was at high school, i was 10 or 11 years old, someone would say to me, my time rosky rosky. and obviously if i never understood, why would they say that to me? i'm not rushing. i never speak russian, not even at home. where did they get that idea? my name is wagner, the i couldn't be more german also and i still laugh now or both. i guess i am is gone his way to think we're really only now starting to deal with the history whites of the story is only now being revisited. if you don't present, we're faced with the challenge of giving people with a russian german background, their own history to their own story. you know, you can increase that. you can the story. that's okay. but this one that i sent mama, the wagner was born in 1938, and russ solved a russian german settlement and the soviet union today. context on the left hand

corner of our ancestors were german who emigrated from has in the 19th century, a okay satisfied with the when the wagner was 3 years old, nazi germany attacked the ussr to russian. germans were all tarred with the same brush viewed as sympathizers of hitler's germany and declared enemies of the soviet union. busy ready starting in august 1941, some, 1000000 russian germans were forcibly deported. around a 3rd were sent to labor camps, where most of them died, including olga wagner as father. in the amount of time to conduct me, the children were dying like flies. they did me and there was an epidemic of my niece and i can remember how my mother was supposed to go to work. and so,

but she resisted me. stay in it. i'm not going to work. my child is dying. she said, have to cut off at the thread. she carried my brother. he was 3 years old. i can remember him gasping for, and i thought he had scarlet fever at the end of savannah for she did, then he died. she didn't get in. i couldn't go to the funeral because i had nothing to wear. the other nissan teeth that he died in january. i never moved. there were 5 children and one grave. 5 little coffins. body of it was bad cut off up this very, very bad as a coma. she has some few settings and she did a lot of income. so yeah, it's worth showing solutions on the us. they're almost up on in the sixties and seventies, says, olga wagner, the situation improved. she found work as a dairy hand married and had 4 children. and then in the early 19 ninety's, the soviet union collapsed. another new beginning,

she decided to return to her ancestors homeland, back to her roots. in 1993, she came to germany with her entire family, as well as the no, no. my mom the my husband didn't want use on the use when we were coming over. he kept saying it was my fault. but i was so happy to come here, come from me. it felt like coming home. now, how is the cold migration, forestry settlement repression and odyssey many generations of russian germans have faced their fates almost forgotten, our re told and exam and tear in debt mode of germany and the museum of russian german cultural history. it all began in the 18th century with one woman, catherine, the great good, and then any call. so you know, you have a blanket of predecessors,

peter the 1st and i've and the terrible you cast on the great was pursuing a policy of expansion. that's why so essentially what all the empires were doing at the time and get my concrete territories at the expense of their neighbors or other empires. even though it will. i think you'd be the catherine law 2nd needed, loyal citizens, undoubtedly conquered areas in the also to couldn't be assumed that the indigenous populations of those territories, and predominantly nomadic peoples living in the south would be loyal to the artist on government of the day or the teeth of off, if you'll find homes as such, they afforded similar colonialists special privileges as it could be and invited them to populate these new areas to russia's south, even the whole sense. so today those make up the southern russian regions around the vulgar river on the north congress's north, coll, collin, and also southern ukraine, because she will train in $1763.00 catherine the great signed a decree, the documents known to history as the invitation manifesto,

the new settlers were granted generous tax concessions, couldn't be conscripted into a military service and were for read to practice their religion. the people of the central german regions had long been used to war in poverty. some 100000. the germans accepted. catherine's offer and migrated to the russian empire the, the new arrivals were afford it a great deal about tommy establishing their own schools, universities, and administrations around the mid 19th century. however, policies towards the german minority changed enough to a place to go younger in the 18 sixty's on, sorry, alexander sent to signals and future thoughts, all votes of which from different perspectives, got the germans interested and attention because he was exerting influence on the level of the language of this clock in the russian was introduced into german

schools that established challenge enough for some people who gets it seem to be sent became a question of belonging by them, of allegiance, with hudson and from and this was the more serious decree he introduced the military service for german, it's that many germans had to join the russian army in google search. i mean, russian nationalism intensified after the 1856 defeat and the crime in more rivalry between the german and russian empire as was on the rise to it was highly tempting to make the settlers into escape goats for the country's unresolved problems. slowly, russian germans privileges were wrote it for many it was caused enough to leave the country or by the end of the 19th century, the 1st russian germans were emigrating mainly to south and north america. the. the 2nd major way of, of migration followed in the wake of the 1st world war in which the russian empire

and germany were enemies. russian germans were designated the enemy within. it was the start of a painful story, plague by distrust, deportation and repression. in the communist soviet union, under stollins dictatorship by the 1930s at the latest, little was left of the multi ethnic state with its sweeping rights and autonomy for minorities. with the german van mocks invasion of the soviet union, russian germans were viewed as a threat. they were no longer allowed to practice their traditions or religion. german schools were closed property confiscated with us for to them. let's just turn the switch done. that's been in i the form for that ultimately led to a lack of histories and identity in a way income with comments and thoughts if it's too much even. and there were massive waves of execution. he doesn't of societies of storytellers and proof of pastors professor as the teachers,

the vaughn boy. they were often the victim of the 19 thirty's executions introduced when the highest of which meant an end to the story telling they did what did these untie, chrome, it was during that period fight who was around 200000 people, killed or dying as a result of violence or starvation and leaving the block with that. a collective trauma to cold squadrons and prescribed on vehicle could have each from which month an indecent type home that face sick trauma of those years would ultimately freeze something in place. one cushion depot, yada viet. let's please, and that was a state of self eraser history and yet this or didn't source done that such as not . it wasn't until 1991 that measures taken by the communist regime against minorities or officially declared illegal. the russian germans received recognition as an official minority but warrant granted the rights and autonomy

they have been promised or any kind of reparations. the soviet union collapsed at the end of 1991 and borders opened up by the early 2, thousands, some 3000000 russian germans from the former soviet states migrated to germany. they received german citizenship and were supported in the integration process. it was at this time that the wagner and her family moved to germany. yeah, their journey took them to freshen in west germany, where they lived to this day. the oldest grand daughter remembers of alice fed. all of this was just a village, positive so and there were the fire department fences or i've had us on, we're 6 containers. that's a 6 contain agribusiness, zine. it was shared accommodation for russian german sinai level. but i think they were a few people from slovenia to, although my memories are quite confused by now. my name and homes and gums gum

upset with love iowa, about as i can, is my home and the high month as far as i see it. i'm german. i have ancestors and was born. and because of done, but i do feel german as it should be shown as i speak german. i dream in german, i think in germans is think of dodge. i would also say i have the values, the virtues that i learned from my grandmother was that's how we were brought up home, punctuality, order, reliability usage. those are my virtues to on the problem in the swedish me, i'll try but not all russian germans feel completely at home. here. it is easy to feel cold, truly isolated, especially when there is so little understanding of their history in winder society . this has led to a sort of alienation, many loan for recognition, for a sense of belonging to new york. i don't want to go anywhere. i'm german. i want

to stay here. it's my home. tonight i'm up and by now many russian germans have successfully integrated and become part of germany's diverse history of migration. and these are sta, it's about collective memory. so these, this team of the history of the russian germans should be included in school textbooks and beyond. so that it's introduced into our social historical narrative because i'm sure it would be valuable for everyone on the inside for people without a russian german background, it would foster understanding except for people with a russian german background, which means that their story can finally be told me then they connect with each other for spanning some 260 years. the history of the russian germans is complex, but it is well worth remembering the

that's all for this edition. thanks for watching. see you next time the

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