in this, he receives the nobel peace, the 2 best visitors, china saw september 27th on dw, the d. sometimes getting mountains of packages that has from stressed out delivery people who only seem to stop at every 2nd address for wes yet ever waited for a package that never arrives because the driver is stuck in traffic for hours, polluting the environment with the exhaust. good news. there's a solution in the yeah. so it will require new rules. the last one today show mr. young from serbia, a new mine stocks protests. are we running out of oil?

how long the reserves lost? and a miracle material, that's the base stuff. this is the cell drones have long been seen as the future of delivery services from parcels to food and even medical supplies. less traffic, fewer emissions delivering even to remote areas. sounds perfect, right? well, not quite. this guys above us are crowded with more and more aircraft. if thousands of drones are added to the mix, how can they all share the same air space, especially in densely populated urban areas? the idea of sharing the sky is simple. the lower aerospace belongs to drones, while a higher altitude suits are reserved for airplanes,

just like roads on the ground. highways for drones will be essential drone car doors are currently being tested and developed around the world. britain is working on a pretty big one. a 265 kilometer route connecting several towns and cities . drones can enter the card or at any point the a monitoring system will detect potential collisions and redirect to the unmanned aircraft. it's still a work in progress, but once completed, it promises to be a significant step forward in drill delivery. the system is set to be available for commercial use by early 2025. i think that's one of the best ways we could organize a lot of drones flying and one aerospace at the same time because we do the same thing with mandation and most manned aircraft. they don't fly wherever they want. they follow core doors and miss scott,

the drone corridors are just one piece of the infrastructure puzzle. a major challenge would be integrating drawings victim or as a system, because that's the main uh, safety aspect comes into a bit. heavier drones require a remote id, basically a license plate for drones. they can be tracked and assigned to an owner, crucial in the case of accidents. for example. the drones are also controlled by a detect and avoid system to prevent collisions. after a hopefully safe journey, they need somewhere to touch down at the moment. drones are still not allowed anywhere near airports, but in the future landing areas could be added to them. that would also be arrival pads and city centers. but even if you live in this city, you probably won't get your delivery at your doorstep. you still need to go somewhere to pick it up. if the landing spot is close by,

you might be notified by this tell tale sound. the most people, when they think of a drone or something of a small di john quad copper and it doesn't make a lot of noise. but if you're doing something for drone package delivery, it needs to be a much larger unit. it sound like homeless, long hours running next year has when amazon tested drone delivery and college station texas residents complained about the noise, prompting the mayor to write a letter to the federal aviation administration. amazon insists that the new drones are quieter. let's assume everything works out. drones aren't too loud, flying happily and they've drone corridors monitored by sage systems and kept away from airplanes. that solves lots of issues except for one major legal, one in countries such as the us and india. the aerospace above homes belongs to

land owners. we are still in a phase where there is a are decision making to be done as to what might be done. so i sure i could rich or above which the drawings can be over in the us, the idea of a marketplace has been introduced to offer land owners on monetary incentives. they can rent or sell their air space to be used by drones design. so the challenges of integration, a global market for drone services is forecast of growth significantly in the years to come to one country that wants to be part of that is india. with liberalized regulations and incentive scheme, the country wants to become a drone hub. by 2030 we can see it approximately on brandy 13. we might have a basic info aspect of every c, r, and integration of drawings. that mind has been in a limited amount of and so when will your pizza be delivered by a drone?

not for a while yet although the technology is advanced, various uncertainties remain regarding regulations, safety, and disruptions to everyday life. and honestly, we'd better take it slow because drones dropping out of the sky could cause serious injuries or material damage. drones could revolutionize delivery services that whether they will actually deliver to your doorstep isn't clear yet. and who knows whether it's really safe to have countless drones buzzing around in the air. drones lead powerful batteries to fly to. and these usually contain lithium. but no lithium supplies are limited. china has had the monopoly of most of the world's reserves fee is to decrease reliance on china the and will soon also be mind in europe too. but at what price in serbia residents via it could home the environment

and costs and then likelihood lod, google kind of which is a 7th generation farmer. he tends to his to doesn't cows every day and loves village live here in going you and that leads the lobby must sit for the cattle farmers. and every year we sell about a $100000.00 leaders of milk. my family, my 5 children, we lived from that and we don't plan to change your thing on the middle. the medium was way navigate use for you to buy these. just like many other farmers on the western edge of serbia. but a global mining giant does have plans for the yada valley due to its large deposits of lithium, a key component and electric vehicle batteries reopen, so has bought up land and farms across the valley. it plans to mine 58000 tons of the metal annually, enough to supply batteries for over a 1000000 vehicles. where aware of savvy is rich resources and the enormous

potential with confirmed reserves of 158000000 tons of lithium bar. it's on all of it and it has to be. the government insists mining operations will meet the use strict environmental standards. while serbia isn't a member, it's seeking to join the block. so most of the only state institutions can control this industry. the investor will say, i'll give you the documentation, that's the basis of luck and also, and then up to the government of the republic of serbia to monitor the pool, which is sort of be a java seconds at all. many and the opposition don't believe these words member of parliament alexander giovanna vege takes part in mass protests against the lithium mine to godaddy. every way we are to into has been around the world is left behind devastation and misery. and that's wake including civil wars. and the destruction of nature and cultural monuments here the quite a name

a bit. his skepticism is shared. this expert has seen studies on the potential environmental impact more up for that most problem. you have to chat with us about the just talking the or his mind with the help of intensive subterranean explosions . and the lithium processing will involve 1100 tons of concentrated, so fewer gas in the daily, it will leave behind a mountain of ways that will pollute the environment for century, all should be met quite tobacco. we might, that's what is a guide. usually what the civilian. okay. rio 1030 says it's willing to talk. it's invested 600000000 euro so far with plans for a further 2000000000. the company claims the mining will be done using precise planning and environmentally friendly methods and create thousands of new jobs. while i want to assure everybody this project is 100 percent size, it's been designed to the highest standards in the world, and we will not be a big hole in the grant. in contrast, we're in, i'm the grandma on agriculture co exist on the surface with the mon together and in

terms of what we would not impact any agriculture water, any drinking water, we would not be poisoning any water sources, but it's not cool. kind of it changes, neighbors don't trust any of the parties involved, the corporation, the government, the courts or the state controlled media. style is always this fear about whether the mine is coming or not. the not the way should be the not, of course i'm against the mind. it's not good for us. there's always an exception to be in the does it when nobody lives will be left with no will test the mood and the yadda valley is tons. this farmer is determined to keep his land and his livelihood. it's not pulling me so the nickel, you mustn't dig up these graves and i am prepared to sacrifice my life to prevent that man. that's where he was. l. o seems that the one that sits on it, this compromise on the list of mine is a long way off base trust and started because institutions and rewards vento is to

grade. so the government has announced that it will approve the mine in 2 years at the earliest the future may be electric, but they're still a long road ahead. e v have yet to become widespread, and most of our economy is still based on fossil fuels. so will be reliance on oil from wild to come. so based on various studies, as we use, should we have run out of oil long ago. let's check it out. in 1956, a g o scientist, rachelle, and professor at stanford projected the global oil production with peak around the year 2000. this came as a huge shock at a time one oil was driving more and more of the economy. some people thought it would mean a global financial crisis and others a full on apocalypse. since then, predictions about peak oil have popped up again and again. supply problems were

supposed to start in 2011 for the effects noticeable by 2015. there was talk of high prices for food and fuel, supposed to impact agriculture and electricity. but none of this ever happened. the supply problems that everyone freaked out about never came. so it did happen. and so to be worried about running out of oil. the 1st looking at this question now is completely different from the decades ago because there been huge changes in our lives in the early 2, thousands. we weren't really thinking about lights out fossil fuels, electric vehicles, for nearly unheard of, to an end of our oil supplies seems like you as a central crisis for the planet. the growing awareness of climate change renewables have taken off, and the amount of them in the mix is gross. usually, it's not cheaper to generate electricity from solar and wind then from fossil fuels . there's also a way more attention on electric vehicles, 14 percent of new vehicles sold globally in 2022 or electric compared to just 5

percent and 2020. even the united states and china to huge polluters are making, has the investments into green technology. and something pretty special happened in 2023. when we're looking at renewables, investment, which clearly is being very rapidly entrenched trends to. net dot from top to field in 2023. far see to distribute dot com. is there any set to wind one that much would move without fossil fuels and oil, in particular, the future of renewables is looking brighter and brighter, and that is made the end of oil take on a whole new meaning. you go up to say about 15 to 20 years back there was a concern that bio supply is going to be run out of all. and now the concern is somewhere here from the ridges that we're going to hit their p card applied to a demand. this is a really huge shift. in october 2023, the international energy agency published a report predicting the end of oil and other fossil fuels. only this time the end of the peak in demand, not supply. and it's predicted to come in 2035 demand and low supply means

a high price, low demand and high supply means a low priced oil executives around the world were up in arms over the report because less demand with the same amount of supply to mean following prizes for fossil fuels and less profit for the industry. this is a big deal since demand for oil, it's been growing every year except 2020 when cove. it hit this when me that we wouldn't use fossil fuels anymore or that it would become much harder to justify new fossil fuel projects. because our supply of fossil fuels is doing great. the oil, and i'm probably not going to the base of the cut of the reserves we ever watched. 40 years. oh, i am. and that doesn't even count on the new plan projects. this is mostly thanks to newest technology called hydraulic fracturing your practice. tracking is a process that involves injecting a slushy of water and chemicals into rock screening tons of tiny cracks. this allows oil and gas to escape and be collected at the surface. the waste water has been often injected deep underground,

which can contaminate the local environment and cause earthquakes. tracking took off in the united states in the early 2, thousands and the country now produces more oil per year than any other nation in the world. so much that it's affecting other countries. so the area or you or your corvettes, and i'm actually right now because of so much over supply the market. they're producing lot less than what they can produce. so on the one hand, we might have an oversupply of oil and on the other plateauing demand. also, investors turning away from fossil fuels like oil companies, are used to expanding and major oil producers like show exxon and total energies are also bedding on rising demand. data suggested that to companies, i think that may be p increasing that will production, total energy stated it was full costs to spend 25 percent of its context for 2022 in renewables in that tricity. so when you look at what that includes, it also includes some kind of gas fired power. they may seem like they're shifting

towards renewables, but they're actually still banking on a fossil fuel future. the business operations on changing particularly, or the pace made it that will says it will be against policies that would polls that change will bringing about quicker, but at the same time promoting this very public narrative that they are doing well . they can state on the oil companies like russian ross now and saudi around color, also betting on future money from fossil fuels. even though projects approved now may never be profitable. new sites taking years to build up infrastructure and to get ready for truly in financial terms, they might become stranded assets, something that was invested in that became obsolete for some countries 30 to 40 percent of intox, fiscal budget could be at risk as the foundation of folds quite an old price is full. that's gonna have a massive impact on the economies. these countries increase from livingston to today's, in these countries. and that impact that also has individual citizens, directly, many pension funds around the world are invested in oil and gas. these companies fail spectacularly. millions of people could be plunged into financial insecurity

in their old age. so based with the end of oil, it seems like investing and renewables at the smart financial decisions. they're cheaper and there's less risk of new projects becoming stranded and unprofitable in the future. to all of that, as long as the timeframe of move away from all as much, there's not going to be overnight because according to all predictions, we're going to continue to meet fossil fuels for a while. they're used as a backup power when wind and solar are running and widespread. nuclear isn't likely to come on line and time transport and energy storage also need to improve for us to be able to quit them entirely. but the more investment goes in, some more renewables improve, and we desperately need that to keep existing on this planet. it's critical for all future that we keep making breaks. what you say menu able entities, one quantity or the potential for mass adoption is important. qualities to,

for instance, finding ways to get more energy, saving yourselves the before and using materials expection doesn't harm the environment. it's like perhaps skype for example. but what he spends this tiny solar cell might be about the revolution. i. solar energy, as we know it, it's way more efficient than you'll spend that silicon solar cell. it can be easily synthesized and doesn't need to be mind like silica, as it can work on to in film. so you probably as not how speak up, but it also it can go on your roof, say hi to this crystal structure. colds. paradox caught it, promises improvements to solar cells that are almost too good to be true. to understand why they are so superior to your standard silicon cell. i went here the helm holds institute invalid. they've been researching corrupt cards as a sign of solving material for more than a decade. hey, how are you today? i'm good. nice to meet the $32.00 and this is the guy in charge of the research,

steve i. but he even said world right codes for the most efficient paradox guide solar cells. and so on a very basic level, what does perhaps cut look like the temper off guard is a very generic term for a specific crystal structure, right? you can see that here over there. so the cost of the structure has the x $3.00 formula. and like each component is a certain i the element for a molecule. one of the most common combinations in the structure is methyl ammonium as the a on the corners, the metal left for the be in the center and chloride or iodide as the x which form around the metal. but there is a vast range of materials that can be used and combined, and it's quite wild how easily these can be put together. so this is 11 volume and before we do that security 1st as we're going to work with toxic less with one of

the, of all of a nice colleagues. it's good to go look a bit like a veterinary the red. okay. times who gets an hour based materials? matthew makes is methyl ammonium chloride. and let's iodide so latex, 8, our abs, free crystal structure. so what is now the advantage of these materials compared to silicon? so i believe that one of the main advantages of prostate or silicon as material is the ease of processing. so silicon is something that is relatively energy intensive to fabricate. but this is something that can be done at post to room temperature. so it doesn't require much energy, so it's easy to do. everything is relatively abundant. and so, um it, it's, it shouldn't be bottlenecked for production. now that we have the base materials we need to produce, i'm solving perhaps got out of it. matthew does lose by using

a technique called spin coating, but perhaps kind of sort of sales can also be directly printed onto surfaces using similar process institute. those needed for printing. newspapers. spin coaching however can be tedious. matthew accidentally dropped the glass, not a big problem in the lab environment, but for commercial production, this is not viable. matthew gives it a 2nd try. and this time everything works. after this been coaching, it goes onto a heating plate. and the darkening shows us that the crystals are being formed. it works the same way as when salt water evaporates and you start to see salt. there are sales like this one here, which are only made out of rough guy, but in many cases there's this cindy can layout beneath. so the sales, i quote 10 themselves and looked like this. right now. they have the most promising candidates when it comes to increasing the efficiency of solar cells. but at some

point, it might be also possible to abandon the silicon completely to test that 10 themselves efficiency. the research has at hand holds institute, use this on simulator. it determines exactly how much sunlight is converted into electricity. what kind of efficiencies it we just measured. so when we measure almost 30 percent is a quite nice achievement. why does it tend them so a cell reach that much more efficiency, even single johnson. so sometimes a lot samples may much more use of the incoming lights, so we have a lot. so lot spectrum the, there's a lot of things they shane on this spectrum kind of the parents guide. so a lot. so in this case, makes use of the visible wavelength. so everything which we can see by i, it's then converted into pre apparel sky installed on sale into electrical energy. whereas the infrared light passes through the parasite sale and has been converted into silicon salsa which is quite deficient in converting in for red line. so they

should be on the spectrum. and each cell is very efficient. and the reason it doesn't sound like that much, but i can tells me that this way, roughly 50 percent more sunlight can be converted into electrical energy. so more overall sunlight can be solved by any of these tendons. so yeah, before they go into siri productions, there's a lot of stuff that needs to be faced. a major issue is the stability of the power of god structures used intend them. solar cells, pearl's cod structures, easily put together at low temperatures as we saw earlier, but they also come apart easily. even the charges that travel through the perhaps cutting the solar so it can create defects and destroy the power of god. structures . also, external factors like moisture, heat, oxygen, and u, v. lights can break it down further and quickly decrease its records breaking efficiency. this whole process is called degradation,

which researches and companies are trying to fight with different forms of and calculation. it's yields of the solar modules from external influences and is an essential step for commercialization. the queue sales, which is part of a european academia and industry partnership plans to develop commercial sized modules with an efficiency of 26 percent over a lifetime of so to yes. ok. sport p v. a company founded by oxford university graduates, has rates and efficiency of 28.6 percent and supposedly solve the degradation issue . already bought me. the company has published verifiable data yet, nor is there a lot of published research on real world outdoor tests. these are a lot of so that you test. yeah. wow. this is catalina. oh, she oversees the degradation tests of 10 them. solar sales at the helm holds institute at what kind of the abilities we currently looking at here,

sometimes to fail after a few days. so sometimes they last for years, literally measured the loss of 20 percent and efficiency, and just half a year it takes to look them solar cells roughly 20 years to reach that level of degradation. some companies say they've already fix this issue and are ready to go to market next. yeah. do you believe that's possible? we do sometimes here we must also have conferences, but they normally don't show the data. it's all very secret or 10 them solar cells would also need to price match existing cells at hospital experts view as difficult to achieve as costs for electricity from solar have declined by 8 to 9 percent since 2010. it's no more expensive to install so they can sell a penalty then to produce them. so upon themselves have a rates potential, but there's still a lot of things that need to fall into place for them to work. and i'm really,

really curious if they're actually going to be on the market next year or ready for another edition of mays where we have playing high and freshly energized. let's do away with the old head into a sonia right. each. see you next time. the

happy go lucky guy on the outside, but still home just by child to true. my on the inside just sane is the victim of sexual abuse. that's a boo subject. and this whole country on the wrong ask when almost as honest from 10 am to channel goes a stomach, i mean, she takes the brave step to speak his truth. can i hug you in 15 minutes on the w news channels instead of

cows? central kenya, many farmers have switched over and disasters drowned, so hitting the country more and more often. camels are game changer in times of climate change. they would stand he to better them cattle. everything to their milk is highly value. be co, africa. and 19 minutes on dw, the systems can be used to cause different. jo, this is the real challenge. it softens, needs to be an incredibly scarce way. what the heck us transforming business is onset real media. and let's just green washing. what's now on

the living independent, arise to our society is full of contrasts and inequality is a big challenge. many problems can only be solved by working together. yes, i think i pretend as a new slaves and what is home how do we tackle the major issues about time to because i have that there is a significant risk of human extinction from advancing our systems. climate changes the new frontier, especially our series continues on d w. the

. this is the, the news life from portland. it's travis, found something loving on with the fresh wave of the strikes. 11 on says more than 20 people were killed and it's fairly attacks, but came to focus on his full target. that softer hezbollah dropped at the streets 10 a beaver and sent to mister ad for the 1st time. also coming up security sites. and in that just text me, your estimate similar to tentative a whole is it's close to elections in 10 years. the .