with hezbollah is escalating, the medicine for the time is, is writing intelligence headquarters and its 1st attack on the telephone x on the w. a donkey wrench, looking at vietnam's fight for independence from french colonial rule. that's next, i'll be back of the top of the the why do humming does not get drunk. why do grab a tasteful waves, squeeze all bodies. how much do we need per day? do i stop praying for help? find the office gets lost on dw science, outtake talk channel. the

between 19451954 friends. we used a merciless war more than 9000 kilometers from paris. this devastating war was marked by bargaining and betrayal, idealism and disillusionment. it was a pass, so for freedom and subjugation, full of hope and pain. this war devastated a country costa, hundreds of thousands of human lives and initiated the collapse of the french colonial empire. it was a war with many facets, colonial war, a war of independence and the cold war. a war that to be almost forgotten today, the

for more than 17 years, france exploited into china a colony which included cambodia allows on vietnam. after world war 2, the leader and funder of the communist, vietnam, in which he min declared, being the meetings in dependence war and suit the french army initially squared numerous victories. it was gradually overwhelmed by the guerrilla warfare ways, by which humans, b as in fighters. in 1949, the communist seized power in china, turning point out see to offered which human, logistical, and military support the colonial war became a cold war conflict. although french public opinion was critical of this distant war, french leaders were intent of continuing the fight was to do that. paris urgently

needed fresh impetus in 1951, paris sent its most prestigious general to indo china world war 2 huge on deluxe to tiffany. as soon as he arrived the lot to summoned his officers, i come to save you because you are the ones getting killed. no more surrendering. no one will be under mike amongst the deluxe travel through india, china, ordering dismissals, establishing new rules, as well as making adjustments among the troops deluxe to could top line, but it earned him respect. the soldiers had wanted a leader and they've got one but the admin were unimpressed by deluxe. the arrival on the 25th of december 1950 general and wynja launched a major offensive into the north of the country. theme was to take how noise

the equipped by china 5. the divisions attacked poorly fortified french defensive positions held by insufficient units. the situation was critical. as soon as he arrived, deluxe personally assumed command of operations, he sent all available troops into the battle even requisitioning civilian aircraft, to transport some units to the front. soldiers had rarely traveled so well the,

the general could also rely on new types of munitions supplied by the united states . navy jelly, gasoline, the spread death and panic among the enemy, the via admin sites. her goals and she recalled the plains dice and all hell breaks loose before my eyes. an immense plain spreading for hundreds of meters. sewing to him right in the ranks of the competence napalm. 5 folding from the sky. the men of fleeing account back any longer. meantime, we'd be deployed in vietnam for 3 decades. the of

the sea and body reported the flames run faster than the fence overtaking and engulfing hundreds. perhaps thousands of them. the deluxe didn't shy away from implying this terrifying weapon in the name of peace. he was not afraid of international criticism. and for good reason, the use of napalm by us forces and korea had provoked new reaction whatsoever. there is no such thing as a just war. the deluxe delta crushing defeat to the admin lost more than 8000 men in this battle.

he also handed friends its 1st major victory since the war began. the french soldiers have been given a boost. from that point on, the troops led by a prestigious leader were no longer fighting for the coldness. they believed they were also fighting for a free world. the deluxe met with the leaders of the countries of french indo. china came the don't see a nuke of cambodia and specifying a ton of prime minister of laos. he wanted to assure them of francis support and keep them out of the conflict. he made a public appearance with followed by the vietnamese head of state to underline his support for him. the deluxe wanted to include the vietnamese and the fight against communism. he set about establishing a meeting to meet national army, 10 just the tires and signed up to fight alongside friends against the viet mean by

1949, the force number 25000 and soon exceeded 830000 men trained and led by french officers training is tough. what do you mean? do you need the muscles of steel to approach the enemy in some price? it beautiful in any notes of steel to lie in wait for the night with whom am i to take them down to sign them the the right moment me to do need stamina to ensure the days and nights of hard labor. and then the china was, or is it the finding animal that can you spell your have to submit it yourself with a knife and you want to handle to get it so that you can surprise the enemy's count, coughing with the sewer, then drowned in september 1951 deluxe flew to the united states. the war was costing fran. several

1000000000. frank today is a most the per suite, the powerful united states to contribute to funds the. the general managed to term the american media use received at the white house by president truman. the, the mission was a success. washington bumped up that support considerably. from then on it, which finance 40 percent of the war or share that would increase over time, the deluxe gamble paid off. he managed to contain the v, a min and boost. the armies were off, us showered him with dollars. a french supported via the means national army entered the free. the

the deluxe kept a cool head. shap still had chinese post at his disposal. the french general warned. there may be disasters in indo china, but there are no miracles the, the general would not be there to witness either. diagnosed with cancer in november 1951. he returned to paris where he died. 2 months later, ever since it began, the war was subject to constant flux followed dies french train via the muse national army that confronted which he means people's army of vietnam. the cold war had degenerated into a civil war. hundreds of thousands of people were torn apart on both sides. never

had the country being so divided the in the coming this camp. a process of radicalization was underway. following the example of china, the movement was strengthening its grip on the population's under its control, which fell into line willingly or by force. the ministry of public security launch targeted repressive measures against undesirables to win the support of the peasant masses. an agrarian reform was adopted behind the propaganda images promoting the redistribution of land. a large scale occurred was taking place. any citizens suspected of disloyalty,

he was eliminated. the wouldn't come to one of the meetings man said poor peasants with cruelty and forced to denounce the crimes of landlords before the people's quote, the quote had the power to pronounce that sentences and a platoon carried out the executions on the spot. in some places the condemned was stone times left to dive, thirst, and hunger, or even buried alive. thousands died in the perch, tens of thousands of feet and then these were sent to camps. many never to return the, the columnist ignored this precious, idle confrontation. they generally resided in the cities and no inside gone. they

were still able to enjoy sunny days in the midst of the chaos, the se, most absolutely quietly began to pack up the major companies 1st and foremost an illusion of tranquillity. soldier, all of them men, land, brooks in his diary, the 20th century columbus is from henry. we only leads the road with our companies weapons in hand. it's clear proof that behind the front there's nothing but emptiness, gloves, and incompetence. even if we win this war, we will have to leave in their china. a lucidity that political leaders lacked by 1953. france was in deep crisis on the military front, the worst who's going to be on winnable,

even with american aid. on the political front bio di had failed to win over his people intelligent but tactless. it seemed obvious that he was an idle leader in the service of the french. he had the suit, but like the substance, the political deadlock was evident the back and the homeland. the french were unhappy. the public had grown weary of chronically unstable government and the cost of the war. all the more so, when a new scandal was uncovered, an official expose the true extent of the illicit trade and asked us the currency of french into china. settlers and soldiers were pocketing the difference between the special and actual race of exchange. but they weren't the only ones. ministers, deputies and bankers were also involved were still the investigation revealed. the

admin took advantage of the system to buy weapons on the international market. that was the final straw. the political and military crisis was becoming a crisis of confidence. the french didn't want to hear another word about this bloody war bushes, runing the country, and only benefiting the profit to years. after 7 years of blame this in indecision, frances leaders finally understood that he had to negotiate. but they wanted to do so for a position of strength. the government placed that space and only of uh, a brilliant, arrogant general. he knew nothing of indo china and was chosen for that very reason to appraise the situation from a new perspective. the emission was to inflict such heavy losses on the enemies of france would be able to dictate the conditions during talks. the,

the name i of the 17th prime minister since the outbreak of the conflict gave him a single instruction. find an honorable way out. no har opted for an insignificant airbase used during world war 2 and located right in the middle of viet, in territory. a low plain of 65 square kilometers surrounded by mountains. b n. b and food navarre planned to set up a headquarters in the centre, fortified post with female names, with guarantees protection. the general navarre was assisted by general and economy. the ambience who base will be commanded by colonel christiane to custody. the

november 1953, thousands of powdered troopers were dropped to take over the base and the apart from a few injured person. now the operation went off without a hitch. on the, shortly afterwards, a runway was built. a steady stream of plains dropped off. the soldiers artillery and engineers, the modest piece became a huge camp with trenches bunkers, even a field hospital, the the,

the one to, to construct a for middle base to lou or general job to launch a hasty attack the some soldiers were ne, with this idea. does he end up with deck root at the end and send it also is like a go to his posts with the pray attracting. the mean time, i don't really like the situation. the with enough are didn't go to his plan for a moment. for 70 years, the french at saltado the enemy. this time it was the enemy who had come to them, the

general jeff decided to take up the challenge. years of struggle had transformed the history teacher into a seasoned strategist. he martialed his army in the jungle. the vin were ready to fight the huge network of more than 200000 civilians transported supplies and equipment over a distance of almost 700 kilometers. but it was mainly chinese and soviet trucks that brought with ends and boot supplies close to the hills.

the in january 1954, the french wizard, confidently for the assault. the base was ready. victory was beyond the camp leader could of the country even dropped leaflets to provoke general jeff, the general while you're waiting to stop this battle. don't you'll success? have you lost faith in the value of your generals and the enthusiasm of your troops? come on, i'm waiting for you. for general, jack kept

a cool head. can you prefer to meticulously prepare for battle during this a defeat to be devastating? and who came in have given him clear orders, tent sites, unless you're sure you're going to win. otherwise refrain the time was on the vietnam inside 27000 tons of material were transported to the fax. those are the bicycles were also used in the operation alongside soviet trucks who issue bicycles have been exported on mass to viet nam since it 19 thirty's. jeff joe,

that the bicycle had been the most decisive soldier in the battle. the french were neither death nor blind thanks to their intelligent services, they knew what to expect. faced with the influx of the admin reinforcements, darryl navarro began to have doubts. he wrote to paris, new one replied. still the french general didn't back dire. the student almost 50000 via the muse spicer sits surrounded the 12000 soldiers of the french army. the move, all the knives were being sharpened. the diplomats were keeping busy in geneva, the super powers prepared a high level conference on korea and the,

and the appellate and us the on the bottle of the indian to came it just the right time was the v at min and friends wanted to win. so that the cost is at the negotiating table as victors, the on the 13th of march, 1954 jobs army was ready by 15 pm. all hell broke loose. the strong point, beatrice, 2.5 kilometers. the headquarters was overrun,

whose commander was killed and video communications severed the hoover night. the defense has collapsed. the admin artillery was more powerful than expected. concealed in hillsides ending caves. it was undetectable. on the 15th of march, it was post gabrielle, was turned to fall. general shaw piece on the head of the french artillery didn't believe that the admin would be able to position their guns on the slopes, committed suicide after realizing his mistake, the pri, this is the 4 french battalions were out of action. the valet was being pounded with shelves. the fire power

was supposed to be the trump card at the french, but it was the vietnamese who had it the . the air feels defenses were quickly destroyed. aircraft could no longer land. the only way to supply the base was through power shoot, drops the vin onto aircraft defense has prevented any accurate ear. drops the vin launched wave after wave of assaults. even if it been dying by the hundreds, the ultimate sacrifice for their country are simply to save themselves. the

one of them said that each of 5 from the enemy continues to full. the only way out is to charge fluid with diet. if we stay down anyway, we must leave from oak shelters running at full speed towards the bottom line. in front of the breach, the denton wounded, a planning call for patel in his date, a wounded the beast with fierce resistance from the french vin change tactics. every night fighters dug trenches in the direction of the enemy positions the

via the me soldier reports that we were in searching the enemy on all sides. the galleries done by our infantrymen was so close to the bob. one of the french posts that they've joined the trenches. the attackers overwhelmed the french forces. and what remains of the bunkers, resistance continued. there were rumors that the americans would support the war efforts. the free world would hold out how to spend dispatched its chief of staff to washington. the price is chief of staff with president eisenhower. and i know radford general apparently here for conferences on the indo china war to which the us allocated $1200000000.00 us here. cheese topic of conversation. indo china is critical battle

at the end. beautiful general in the cold for the deployment of american bombers from the pacific fleet to safety in the end to the president dwight eisenhower and congress didn't agree to the request. the operation was never carried out the in the lowlands, the wounded li, dying and couldn't be evacuated. soldier, lucy, and the project for called, living in the dead mingling the mount. the stinks! nothing sweet. 20 hours of night. my friend was cutting half by shell. it took 2 hours for him to dine.

the steels hospitals. doctors had to select the men they could say. dr. kalonde reported the complaints the screams, the cool was the groans, the ringing of the telephone. mixed with a den outside filled my ears and the place. right. my thoughts from that movements on i wasn't sure whether it was 9 today with rose, hungry or thirsty, whether i was alive or a character from a nightmare. the honors you thought she was great. excitement to geneva an idea she wants me to was received by a friend of the crowd. the further delays the home for at least the master of the old headquarters of the league of nations with the meats. when he left, the opening is out of a shadow and by the situation in tmt full battlefield chief underneath the result, you may jeanette,

or at least the pianist while to face the shortly before the conference opened us secretary of state john foster, dulles. this is french come to part george to do without really thinking, he suggested deploying 2 atomic bombs. the french foreign minister object to the phone was who to inflict too many french casualties. i could plunge the world into an abyss. the indians, who was one of the most dangerous moments of the cold war. the faults continued the final offensive, began on the 1st of may 1954 hold up in a shelter because lee was powerless. on the 7th of me, the telephone general committee, their last conversation was recorded the

defending ourselves tooth and nail, to hold out for as long as possible with what i have left my general in a group of you. all right, my friend could we save any ammunition? that's the problem. we've got nothing left, a $120.00 to a $150.00 pounds. all right, my friend. i'll talk and call you beforehand. good bye to test team. by general, the after 56 days of siege on the 7th of may 1954 because the order to cease har,

the gm beings who had fallen, the french soldier recalled sudden silence. i felt like i always get the, the battle of d n b into ended in a catastrophic defeat. for france, the trap set to conquer the ve admin proved to be the french troops and doing friends suffered more than $3500.00 dead and missing. on more than 10000 french soldiers were taken prisoner, the vietnamese also suffered more than 20000 dead and injured. about were victorious. french military leaders made several mistakes. the most fatal be completely

underestimate to the admin. the fringe did not believe in the mid had the logistical capabilities to build up in the supply and offensive army of several, tens of thousands of men in the middle of the jungle, nor the strategic ability to defeat the french army in open battle. the in geneva use that the dispute could not have come with a worst time the indians who was supposed to give friends the upper hand and talks. but instead it was in a position of weakness. foreign minister george,

they do who is negotiating with the police and see on the route fronts into the negotiations with a tube tubs and a 3 of diamonds. the consequences of this disaster were also felton friends. the fall of the entrench can brought down the 20 s government of the 4th republic propelled p. m and his friends into the limelight, the he'd been advocating talk since 1950. his time had finally come from the 18th of june, 1954 pm. and as problems know, prime minister went to geneva to negotiate the dimensions we have been able to chief to con. we wanted to a chief executive, namely to restore peace in the east that fail. nobody else could you wait for mister president mendez from to the

french national assembly that has me that agreement wasn't reached within 30 days. he would resign is prime minister. the talk centered on a possible partition of vietnam and an immediate cease fire. whole parties were keen to push through their respective demands and exerted great pressure on funds and on the chief negotiator sent by which event on the 21st of july, 1954, a few hours before the ultimatum was due to expire. an agreement was finally reached at 3 20 pm, the money to us, your unit in a very sort of assignment, highlight enough to possibly do general most of the time to sign the documents ending the war in vietnam. cons the signed on behalf of the cf. these staff,

the agreement i forced upon us to make the full concession was made for these cuz they don't have enough time for the last of 9000 french soldiers on said the titan this week, because we don't have to be able to solve this plus the mendez problems, food, real, political courage, he enabled friends to withdraw from the conflict. now isn't it? i say, no reason and peace of my own. let's just remember to get to know. so unfortunately, we don't have time for us to have been wounded this week with a physically and so in that harness good, i don't need to express my feelings me because i feel the same way you do. so level a ceasefire was finally signed like germany, berlin, and korea. vietnam was temporarily divided into 2 zones on either side of the 17th power allow the northville to the admin. well, the service became

a republic under american protection. the sovereignty of cambodia and laos was also recognized the prisoners who'd been languishing in camps for several months for gradually exchanged of the $10000.00 french prisoners. the 3rd perished slots are committed by the v admin in defiance of international humanitarian law. the,

[000:00:00;00] the the years after the war began, who came in had one is the pushers were static. the term recalled cries of joy when jumping the fuse and on the hills. red with blood

and the nape of these young infantrymen would victorious house of people who came in gave themselves a soviet style parade. for the victory k with the price of the population have gained independence. it was also burdened with new chains which even established a communist regime with close links to the soviet union and the people's republic of china, the in a mass exodus almost a 1000000 vietnamese fled to the side of the poverty and intolerance. the

they gave up their possession as unless the country as quickly as they could. the french troops were also evacuated french legionnaires, as well as soldiers from france. and the colonies were transferred to other wars. and the vietnamese you felt in the french army were abandoned one officer in the just on my route. most vietnamese people didn't say anything. they just looked at us where shane is a cube a span, we'd have full rights. the one of them said to me, so captain,

you'll giving up on us. i said nothing. the . the settlers left the country and turned their backs and the lives they built there. the model calling the came to an end. some vietnamese civilians were evacuated to france. quickly forgotten, they symbolize what franz wanted to conceal. his defeat, the in the end, several $100000.00 soldiers died and the indo china war most. and that the in the east side, the number of civilian deaths is still unknown. estimates range from over 100-0028 1000000. the play can a greek tragedy. both sides lost the friends wanted to maintain its colonial empire,

but it collapsed and its defeat sparks and uprising. and l julia the, the admin had won the war in gain independence. but those living in the north now had to live under the yoke of a harsh regime. the, the americans replaced the french in the region. they were to make exactly the same . mistakes initiates an even greater blog bass, and suffer an even deeper trauma. the, the indo china war was followed by the vietnam war.

the human in the grips of business. he knew this 10 years of misery, destruction road directly in the car in middle east conflict. we go into jeremy, through the country to close out in 30 minutes

on the w. living in upon arrives 12. the housing is a basic human rights. but who can afford it? and the home is the most important thing you can have in the your head to sleep, to take shelter from here. i can't go back to new york because i honestly, i can't afford to live there in the house. and then in 90 minutes on d w, the, those do not understand can have a site like the vice president. do you have any news on instagram?

no. follow up the this is the, the, the news line from the from of them is the landscape. take center stage, the un general assembly ukrainian president tells world leaders that only a baffled field victory for ukraine and the war with russia. and he was at the kremlin plans to attack these countries and nuclear power plants also in the program. israel is army commander puts troops on the for a possible grounds itself in the lab and on conflict escalates as has been