then they doing nothing what, what could likely happen to their interest? because they would be the, they could be welcoming a number of quite a few checks that could, that could displace the own knobs in the countries that have impact on the political landscape could, could impact the creation of communities. if they do nothing, it's coming back on the road that g d p. spencer is that what they want? so that's part of the consequence. and so yes, they may be driven all by what i call the profit. they may be concerned about the cost that it might take to, to correct this tenants. but for me that costs it is maybe more costly or

put not in action would be more costly than the cost for it about thank you so much for your time. the the between 19451954 friends waived a merciless war more than 9000 kilometers from paris. this devastating war was marked by bargaining and betrayal, idealism and disillusionment. it was a facile for freedom and subjugation full of hope and pain.

this war devastated a country costa, hundreds of thousands of human lives and initiated the collapse of the french colonial empire. it was a war with many facets, colonial war, a war of independence and the cold war. a war that's been almost forgotten today, the for more than 17 years, france exploited into china a colony which included cambodia allows on vietnam. after world war 2, the leader and funder of the communist, the admin which has been declared being the means independence war ensued. the french army initially scored numerous victories. it was gradually overwhelmed

by the guerrilla warfare wage by which he means b. as in fighters. in 1949, the communist seized power in china, turning point out, the doom offered, which human, logistical, and military support the colonial war became of to war conflict. although french public opinion was critical of this distant war, french leaders were intent of continuing the fight. but to do that powers urgently needed fresh impetus in 1951 power sent its most prestigious generals into china, world war 2 huge on deluxe to tiffany. as soon as he arrived, deluxe summoned his officers. i've come to save you because you other ones getting killed. no more surrendering from now on. you will be on the mike among

the deluxe travel through into china, ordering dismissals, establishing new rules, as well as making adjustments among the troops. deluxe took a top line, but it earned him respect. the soldiers had wanted the leader, and they've got one but the admin were unimpressed by deluxe. the arrival on the 25th of december 1950 general. and when jeff launched, the major offensive into the north of the country theme was to take how noise the equipped by china 5, the divisions attacked clearly fortified french defensive positions held by insufficient units. the

situation was critical. as soon as he arrived, deluxe personally assumed command of operations, he sent all available troops into the battle even requisitioning civilian aircraft to trans sports, some units to the front. soldiers had rarely traveled so well the, the general could also rely on new types of munitions supplied by the united states . the meat jelly, gasoline, the spread death and panic among the enemy, the

vin sites, her groove, and she recalled plains, dice, and all hell breaks loose before my eyes. an immense plain spinning of hundreds of meters, sewing to him right in the ranks of the competence. nay, palm find phoning from the sky. the men of fleeing come back any longer. meantime would be deployed in vietnam for 3 decades. the in boot reported. flames run faster than the vince overtaking and engulfing hundreds. perhaps thousands of them. the deluxe didn't shy away from implying this terrifying width in the name of peace. he

was not afraid of international criticism. and for good reason, the use of napalm by us forces in korea after vote new reaction whatsoever. there is no such thing as a just war the, the deluxe delta of crushing defeat to the admin last more than 8000 men in this battle. he also 100 friends. it's 1st major victory since the war began. the french soldiers that being given a boost from that point on the troops, led by a prestigious leader, were no longer fighting for the coldness they believed they were also fighting for a free world. the

deluxe met with the leaders of the countries of french into china, came the don't see, a nuke of cambodia and specifying baton, a prime minister of laos. he wanted to assure them of francis support and keep them out of the conflict. he made a public appearance, was followed by the vietnamese head of state to underline his support for him. the deluxe wanted to include the vietnamese and the fight against communism. he set about establishing a vietnamese national army. tens of thousands signed up to fight alongside friends against the admin. by 1949, the force number 25000 and soon exceeded 830000 men, trained and led by french officers. training is tough. what do you need? do you need the muscles of steel to approach the enemy?

and so i assume you're putting any enough of steel to lie and wait for them. i am 9, hold on. let's take them down to sign of the the right moment. me to do needs coming out to ensure the days and nights of hard labor. and then the china also has a defining element which it is, but you have to submit it yourself with a knife and you want to handle it, get it so that you can surprise the enemy's count. coughing with the sooner then around the in september 1951 deluxe flew to the united states. the war was costing friends several 1000000000. frank today is a most super sweet, the powerful united states to contribute to funds. the general managed to term the american media. you have received at the white house by president truman. the, the mission was

a success. washington bumped up that support considerably. from then on it would finance 40 percent of the war a share that would increase over time. the deluxe gamble paid off. he managed to contain the v at mid and boost. the armies were wrong. us shirt him with dollars. a friend supported via the means national army entered the free. the deluxe kept a cool head. shap still have chinese outpost at his disposal. the french general warned. there may be disasters in indo china, but there are no miracles the,

the general would not be there to witness either. diagnosed with cancer in november 1951. he returned to paris where he died. 2 months later, the ever since that began, the war was subject to constant flux or follow dies friends train via the means national army that confronted which means people's army of vietnam. the cold war had degenerated into a civil war. hundreds of thousands of people were torn apart on both sides. never had the country being so divided the in the communist camp. a process of radicalization was underway. following the example of china, the movement was strengthening its grip on the population's under its control,

which fell into line willingly or by force. the ministry of public security launch targeted repressive measures against undesirables to win the support of the peasant masses. mcgreevy and reform was adopted behind the propaganda images promoting the redistribution of land. a large scale occurred was taking place. any citizen suspected of disloyalty, was illuminated when come to one of the muse, ma'am, said old peasants with protein and force to denounce the crimes of landlords before the people's quote, the quote had the power to pronounce death sentences and a platoon carried out the executions on the spot in some places the condemned was stone, trying to lift the dice, dust,

and hunger for even buried alive. thousands died in the perch, tens of thousands of feet and then these were sent to camps. many never to return the the, the columnist ignore this precious idle confrontation. they generally resided in the cities and how no insight gone. they were still able to enjoy sunny days in the midst of the chaos, the, the se, the most absolutely widely began to pack up. major companies, 1st and foremost, an illusion of tranquillity. soldier, all of them, man land, bruce in his diary,

the 20th century kilometers from henry. we only lead the road without companies with ends in hand. it's clear proof that behind the front there's nothing but emptiness, bluffs, and incompetence. even if we win this war, we will have to leave indo china. a lucidity that political leaders lacked by 1953. france was in deep crisis. on the military front, the war was proving to be unwinnable, even with american aid. on the political front, bio die had failed to win over his people intelligent but tactless. it seemed obvious that he was an idle leader in the service of the french. he had the suit, but like the substance, the political deadlock was evident the

back and the homeland. the french were unhappy. the public mcgroon weary of chronically unstable government and the cost of the war. all the more so when a new scandal was uncovered and the official exposed the true extent of the illicit trade and p asked was the currency of french ended, china. settlers and soldiers were pocketing the difference between the special and actual race of exchange. but they weren't the only ones. ministers, deputies and bankers were also involved, were still the investigation revealed via min took advantage of the system to buy weapons on the international market. that was the final straw. the political and military crisis was becoming a crisis of confidence. the french didn't want to hear another word about this bloody war. bush is ruining the country and only benefiting the profit tiers. after 7 years of blame this in indecision,

frances leaders finally understood that he had to negotiate that they wanted to do so. for a position of strength, the government placed that space and on lean of uh, a brilliant, arrogant general. he knew nothing of right into china and was chosen for that very reason to appraise the situation from a new perspective. the emission was to inflict such heavy losses on the enemy. the france would be able to dictate the conditions during talks, the name i of the 17th prime minister since the outbreak of the conflict gave him a single instruction. find an honorable way out. no har opted for an insignificant airbase use during world war 2 and located right in the middle of viet min territory. a low plane of 65 square kilometers surrounded by mountains b,

n, b, and food. no var planned to set up a headquarters in the centre, fortified outpost with female names, with guarantees protection. the general navarre was assisted by general for the economy. the and so base would be commanded by colonel christiane to custody. the november 1953, thousands of powdered troopers were dropped to take over the basin the part from a few injured person. now the operation went off without

a hitch. the shortly afterwards, a runway was built. a steady stream of plains dropped off. the soldiers artillery and engineers, the motor space became a huge camp. with trenches, bunkers, even a field hospital. the ha wanted to construct a formidable beast to lou or general jeff, to launch a hasty attack the some soldiers were most at ease with this idea. in the good dec route at the end,

been intended ourselves like a gun to its post, with the prey, attracting the victim in tiger. i don't really like your situation the but enough i didn't go to his plan for a moment. for 7 years, the french at saltado the enemy at this time it was the enemy who had come to them, [000:00:00;00] the general jeff decided to take up the challenge. years of struggle had transformed the history teacher into

a season strategist. he martialed his army in the jungle. the vin were ready to fight the huge network of more than 200000 civilians transported supplies and equipment over a distance of almost 700 kilometers. but it was mainly chinese and soviet trucks that brought with ends and food supplies close to the hills.

the in january 1954, the french wizard, confidently for the assault. the base was ready, victory was beyond typed. the camp leader could of the country even dropped leaflets to provoke general jeff, the general while you're waiting to start this battle, you don't, you'll success have you lost faith in the value of your generals and the enthusiasm of your troops? come on, i'm waiting for you. for general, jack kept a cool head. can you prefer to meticulously prepare for battle? doing this a defeat to be devastating? and who is human? have given him clear orders that sites on this you'll show you're going to win. otherwise,

refrain the time was on the via, inside the 27th. those and tons of material were transported to the fax. those are the bicycles were also used in the operation alongside soviet trucks, visual bicycles. that'd be an exported on mass to viet nam, since the 19 thirty's and jeff joe, that the bicycle had been the most decisive soldiers. the battle the, the french were neither dead nor blind thanks to their intelligent services. they knew what to expect. faced with the influx of the admin reinforcements,

general navarre began to have doubts. he wrote to paris, the one replied, still, the french general didn't back down soon, almost 50000 vietnamese spacers that surrounded the 12000 soldiers of the french army. the as walden, i use, were being sharpened. the diplomats were keeping busy in geneva, the super powers prepared a high level conference on korea and the, and the police and the ceiling the bottle of the m b into came it just the right time was the v at min and friends wanted to win. so that they consist of the negotiating table as victors,

the on the 13th of march, 1954 japs army was ready. 5, 15 pm. all hell broke loose. the strong point, beatrice. 2.5 kilometers from the headquarters was overrun, whose commander was killed and video communications severed the overnight, the defense has collapsed. the admin artillery was more powerful than expected.

concealed in hillsides ending caves. it was undetectable. on the 15th of march, it was post gabrielle was turned to fall general shaw piece of head of the french artillery didn't believe the admin would be able to position their guns on the slopes and committed suicide after realizing his mistake. the hi. this is the 4 french battalions were out of action. the valley was being pounded with shelves. the fire power was supposed to be the trump card at the french, but it was the vietnamese who had it. the ear feels defenses were quickly destroyed. aircraft no longer land. the only way to

supply the base was through power shoot, drops the vin onto aircraft defense has prevented any accurate ear. drops the vin launched wave after wave of assaults, even if it been dying by the hundreds. the ultimate sacrifice for their country are simply to save themselves. the one of them said. then you shall find from the enemy, continues the full. the only way out is to charge forward with the dye. if we stay down anyway, it was neat from shelters running at full speed towards the baldwin in front of the breach the dead and wounded depending on how far battalion is dead. a wounded

the of the space with fierce resistance from the french vin change tactics. every night fighters dug trenches in the direction of the enemy positions the v in the me. soldier reported. we were in searching the enemy on all sides. the galleries dogged by our infantrymen was so close to the bob way of the french coast . late joined the trenches. the attackers overwhelmed the

french forces. and what remained of the bunkers resistance continued. there were rumors that the americans would support the war efforts. the free world would hold out powder spin, dispatched its chief of staff to washington, the process chief of staff with president eisenhower. and that whole radford general upon a lee here for conferences on the indo china war to which the us allocated 1w2cw dollars last year, chief topic of conversation. indo china is critical battle at the end. beautiful general in the cold for the deployment of american bombers from the pacific fleet to safety in the end to the president

dwight eisenhower and congress didn't agree to the request. the operation was never carried out the in the lowlands, the wounded lead, dying and couldn't be evacuated. soldier, lucy and the project for called, living in the dead, mingling the mount vs. things. not in suite. 20 hours of 9, as my friend was cutting half by shell, it took 2 hours for him to dial. the field hospital. doctors had to select the men they could say. dr. kalonde reported the complaints the screams, the cool was the groans, the ringing of the telephone. all mixed with a den outside filled my ears and the police rates. my thoughts from that movements on i wasn't sure whether it was night today,

whether i was hungry or thirsty whether i was a live or a character from a nightmare. the odd as you thought she was great. excitement in geneva, miss redo idea should be doing was received by a friend the crown, the further delays, the home for the late enough to be on that old headquarters of the league of nations with the meats when he that the thing is, are the shadow and by the situation in html pool, that will be a chief underneath the result. you let the major know or 3 dollar payment is while the, the shortly before the conference opened, us secretary of state john foster, dulles. this is french kind of part george to do without really thinking, he suggested deploying 2 atomic bombs. the french foreign minister objected the

phone was who to inflict too many french casualties. i could plunge the world into an abyss. the indians, who was one of the most dangerous moments of the cold war, the botox continued the final offense that began on the 1st of may 1954 of the hold up in a shelter because lee was powerless. on the 7th of me, the telephone general committee, their last conversation was recorded the defending ourselves tooth and nail, to hold out for as long as possible with what i have left my general in a group of you. all right, my friend could we save any ammunition goodness. when i come in, that's the problem. we've got nothing left, a $120.00 to

a $150.00 pounds. all right, my friend. i hope i can call you beforehand. did buy it as cheap to buy general the after $56.00 days of siege on the 7th of may 1950 for the custody order to ccr. the bmw who had fallen, the french soldier recalled sudden silence. i felt like i was the

battle of the ambiance who ended in a catastrophic defeat. for france, the trap set to conquer the via admin proved to be the french troops on doing friends, suffered more than $3500.00 dead and missing. on more than 10000 french soldiers were taken prisoner, the or the vietnamese also suffered more than 20000 dead and injured about where victorious french military leaders made several mistakes and was fatal. they completely underestimated the admin. the french did not believe in the mid had the logistical capability to build up in a supply and offensive army of several, tens of thousands of men in the middle of the jungle,

nor the strategic ability to defeat the french army in open battle. the engine eva use at the dispute could not have come with a worst time. the indians who was supposed to give friends the upper hand and talks. but instead it was in a position of weakness. foreign ministers, george, they do who is negotiating of the, played an seo and root fronts, enters the negotiations with a tube tubs, and that's we have diamonds. the consequences of this disaster were also felton friends. the fall of the in trench camp brought down the 20th government of the 4th

republic propelled pm and as friends is the line light the he'd been advocating talk since 1950. his time had finally come on the 18th of june, 1954 pm and as problems know, prime minister went to geneva to negotiate the on the time to launch it. we have been able to chief, to come. we wanted to a chief executive, namely to restore peace in the east to fail. nobody else could you wait for mister president mendez problems to the french national assembly that isn't really agreement wasn't reached within 30 days . he would resign as prime minister, the talk centered on a possible partition of vietnam and an immediate cease fire. whole parties were

keen to push through their respective demands and exerted great pressure on funds and on the chief negotiator sent by who achievements on the 21st of july, 1954, a few hours before the ultimatum was due to expire. and the agreement was finally reached at $320.00, and the money did not. your unit in a very sort of a sermon, the appellate domestic uniforms, the general all the time to sign the documents ending the war in vietnam. involved cops needed to talk on the who signed on behalf of the fee of the agreement of force defiance to make the full concession was made. but these are the more painful and the loss of 9000 french soldiers on the titan. this focus, we also have a gale to solve this plus the mendez problems, food, real political coverage. he enabled friends to withdraw from the conflict.

now isn't it that day? no reason and piece of my own. let's just remember to get to know so unfortunately we don't have time for those who have been wounded this week with a physical and a feeling that hot is good. i don't need to express my feelings me because i feel the same way. so they both a ceasefire was finally signed like germany, berlin, and korea. vietnam was temporarily divided into 2 zones on either side of the 17th power. allow northville to the admin or the service became a republic under american protection. the sovereignty of cambodia and laos was also recognized

the prisoners who'd been languishing in camps for several months for gradually exchanged of the $10000.00 french prisoners. the 3rd perished slots are committed by the v at men in defiance of international humanitarian law. the

years after the war began, who came in, had one is the porters, were it static? the from time recalled? cries of joy winds up in the fields and on the hills. red with blood and the nape of these young infantrymen with victorious house. happy with the hoot team. indeed, himself, a soviet style parade for the victory came with a price of the population have gained independence was also burdened with new chains which even the stablished,

a communist regime with close links to the soviet union and the people's republic of china, the in a mass exodus almost a 1000000 via the means fled to the side of the poverty and intolerance the they gave up their possessions and left the country as quickly as they could. the french troops were also evacuated. finish legionnaires as well as soldiers from friends and the colonies were transferred to other wars and

the, the vietnamese you felt in the french army were abandoned. one officer lead us on my route. most vietnamese people didn't see anything. they just looked at us. where shame if they'd killed us, then we'd have full rights. the one of them said to me, so captain, you'll giving up on us. i said nothing. the, the settlers left the country and turn their backs and the lives they built there. the model calling the came to an end. some vietnamese civilians were evacuated to france. quickly forgotten. they symbolize what franz wanted to conceal. his defeat,

[000:00:00;00] the in the end several 100000 soldiers died and the indo china war most and the v in the east side. the number of civilian deaths is still unknown. estimates range from over 100-0028 1000000 the like in a greek tragedy. both sides lost the friends wanted to maintain its colonial empire, but it collapsed and this defeat sparks and uprising in all julia. the admin had won the war and gained independence, but those living in the north now had to live under the yoke of a harsh regime. the

. the americans replaced the french in the region. they were to make exactly the same mistakes, initiate an even greater plug bass, and suffer an even deeper trauma. the, the indo china war was followed by the vietnam war, the,

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